Germinação de sementes e otimização de técnicas de micropropagação de umbuzeiro (spondias tuberosa, arr.) anacardiaceae

The brazilian-plum (Spondias tuberosa, His) is a tropical fruit tree that has been consolidated in the market for agribusiness processing, due to its characteristic flavor of fruit. Accordingly, studies to optimize the propagation of plants are necessary for production of seedlings with agronomic and quality assurance measures. This study aimed at determining the efficient techniques for uniform seed germination, as brazilian-plum seed present mechanical dormancy, and establish optimal culture media for multiplication of shoots from the in vitro micropropagation. Firstly, in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, was evaluated the influence of different methods of breaking dormancy in the emergence of seedlings of brazilian-plum and speed of germination (IVG) of seeds. After 60 days of cultivation, it was found that splay in the distal portion of the seed was the best treatment, with rates of 85.33% in germinability and 3.415 of IVG, compared with the treatment of seed-soaking in water for 12h + humus and the control group. Subsequently, new sources of seedling explants were obtained in studies of tissue culture. Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology that the university, was used stem apex, nodal segments and internodes in search of decontamination with various concentrations of calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] and micropropagation, inoculating them in half WPM (1980) with various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). We used 10 sample units with three replications for different concentrations of [Ca(OCl)2], BAP and explants type. After thirty days, which was observed for the control of contamination, during the establishment in vitro, concentrations of [Ca(OCl)2] between 0.5% and 2.0% were effective in combating exogenous contamination of the apex. In nodal segments and internodes, concentrations of [Ca(OCl)2] between 1.0% and 2.0% and 1.5% and 2.0% were respectively, sufficient to reduce the percentage of losses in these infestations explants. For micropropagation, the culture medium supplemented with 0.1 mg.L-1 BAP promotes better development of multiple shoots per explants from nodal segment. However, success does not get to shoot training in internodal segment

Avaliação da composição química, atividade antioxidante, antibacteriana, antinoceptiva, antiinflamatória e toxicidade do extrato metanólico e frações de folhas de Spondias sp. (Anacardiaceae)

Spondias sp. (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as cajá-umbu, is an endemic plant from Northeastern Brazil, where their leaves are widely used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory processes, while their fruits have a great agro industrial potential. This study was designed to evaluate hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the acute toxicity and repeated dose 28, using a methanolic extract (MES), a fraction rich in flavonoids (FRF) and a precipitate from Spondias sp.leaves. The antioxidant activity of them was valued to evaluate their free radical scavenger capacity by DPPH test, whereas MES and FRF were used to evaluate while the preventive action on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Seven groups (n=5) of female Wistar rats were used as follows: control group, CCl4-intoxicated group treated with EMS (500 mg/kg) for 7 days, three CCl4-intoxicated groups treated with FRF (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) for 7 days and the CCl4-intoxicated group treated with Legalon ® (silimarina; (phytotherapeutic reference) (50 mg/kg; 7 days). MES and FRF showed a protective action against liver injury induced by CCl4, being observed a significant reduction of serum enzyme activity marker of liver damage (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase). On the other hand, the lipid peroxidation (SRAT) decrease, as well as the increase of glutathione content and enzyme activity of antioxidant defense system (SOD, CAT, GPx) toward near normal values indicated the ability of EMS to restore the oxidative imbalance induced by CCl4. The histological analysis confirmed the hepatoprotection, compared to degenerative changes in CCl4-treated group. This hepatoprotetor effect was similar to that shown by Legalon®. The in vitro high antioxidant capacity of extract (93.16 ± 1.00%) showed analogous results to those obtained by Carduus marianus BHT (reference standard). This fact explains the obtained results in vivo. Although no antimicrobial activity was detected, EMS and FRF promoted the antinociceptive effect induced in the second phase by the intraplantar formalin test, evidencing the anti-inflammatory action; confirmed by the carrageenan-induced peritonitis model. The evaluation of the mechanical allodynia (CFA a 80%) demonstrated the involvement of the Spondias sp. chemical composition in the anti-inflammatory activity toward the acute processes. The acute exposure and repeated dose during 28 days did not produce significant changes in the parameters that evaluate toxicity. Together the experimental results reveal, that Spondias sp. leaf extracts have a promising potential in pharmaceutical area, and due to its non-toxic condition present efficiency and security

Produtividade, estabilidade e adaptabilidade em progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva F.F. & M.F. Allemão – Anacardiaceae

The use and inadequate exploitation of natural resources is restricting the occurrence of aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva F.F. & M.F. Allemao), which now is on the FAO list of endangered species. This exploitation causes a decrease in the genetic base of M. urundeuva populations, which makes it difficult to find genotypes with stability and adaptability to different growing conditions. This study aimed at estimating the genetic variation and productivity, stability and adaptability of progenies of a M. urundeuva natural population, from the Ecological Station of Paulo de Faria - SP, under different planting systems. DBH (diameter at breast height) was evaluated in four progeny tests of M. urundeuva: i) planted with Anandenanthera falcata and Guazuma ulmifolia (TP-AMA); ii) single (TP-ASO); iii) planted with annual crops (TP-SAF) and iv) planted with Corymbia citriodora (TP-EUCA), installed in Selviria-MS. The experimental design consisted of complete randomized blocks with three replications and a variable number of plants per plot in each of the four planting systems. From the joint analysis of the planting systems studied, it was found that: i) there were variations among planting systems particularly in TP-SAF; ii) only in TP-EUCA it was possible to detect variations among the progenies; iii) the effects of the genotype x environment interaction were not significant. Thereby, the harmonic mean of genotypic values (MHVG), the relative performance of genotypic values from the mean of each site (PRVG) and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic values (MHPRVG) for DBH showed, respectively: progenies with greater stability, adaptability, and stability and simultaneous adaptability within different planting systems. The use of these selection criteria provided a more refined selection of the best progenies of M. urundeuva under the different planting systems studied.

Ontogeny and Structure of the Pericarp of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Morfologia e anatomia da semente de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) em desenvolvimento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estrutura do pericarpo e da semente de Astronium graveolens Jacq. (Anacardiaceae) com notas taxonômicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anatomy of the pericarp and seed-coat of Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) with taxonomic notes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produtividade, estabilidade e adaptabilidade em progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva F.F. & M.F. Allemão-Anacardiaceae

The use and inadequate exploitation of natural resources is restricting the occurrence of aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva F.F. & M.F. Allemão), which now is on the FAO list of endangered species. This exploitation causes a decrease in the genetic base of M. urundeuva populations, which makes it difficult to find genotypes with stability and adaptability to different growing conditions. This study aimed at estimating the genetic variation and productivity, stability and adaptability of progenies of a M. urundeuva natural population, from the Ecological Station of Paulo de Faria-SP, under different planting systems. DBH (diameter at breast height) was evaluated in four progeny tests of M. urundeuva: i) planted with Anandenanthera falcata and Guazuma ulmifolia (TP-AMA); ii) single (TP-ASO); iii) planted with annual crops (TP-SAF) and iv) planted with Corymbia citriodora (TP-EUCA), installed in Selvíria-MS. The experimental design consisted of complete randomized blocks with three replications and a variable number of plants per plot in each of the four planting systems. From the joint analysis of the planting systems studied, it was found that: i) there were variations among planting systems particularly in TP-SAF; ii) only in TP-EUCA it was possible to detect variations among the progenies; iii) the effects of the genotype x environment interaction were not significant. Thereby, the harmonic mean of genotypic values (MHVG), the relative performance of genotypic values from the mean of each site (PRVG) and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic values (MHPRVG) for DBH showed, respectively: progenies with greater stability, adaptability, and stability and simultaneous adaptability within different planting systems. The use of these selection criteria provided a more refined selection of the best progenies of M. urundeuva under the different planting systems studied.

Perfil morfo-anatômico e histoquímico (fenólico e lipofílico) das fases do desenvolvimento foliar de Schinus terebinthifolius RADDI (Anacardiaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Padronização de extratos vegetais: Astronium urundeuva (Anacardiaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Conservação de sementes de taperebá (Spondias mombin L., Anacardiaceae)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Ecologia da polinização de taperebá (Spondias mombin L., Anacardiaceae) em área de floresta secundária no município de Santo Antônio do Tauá, Pará, Brasil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o sistema de polinização de Spondias mombin L., obtendo dados sobre a, sistema reprodutivo e os visitantes florais. Spondias mombin floresceu durante a estação seca e produziu frutos maduros na estação chuvosa. É uma espécie andromonóica, produzindo flores hermafroditas e masculinas, com números e viabilidades polínicas semelhantes. A análise da razão pólen/óvulo revelou que é uma espécie que se enquadra no tipo de sistema reprodutivo xenogâmico, necessitando da polinização cruzada realizada, neste caso, pelos insetos. Spondias mombin foi visitada por uma variedade de insetos de pequeno porte e generalistas como abelhas, moscas, vespas e besouros. As abelhas Apis mellifera Linneu, 1758, Tetragona goettei (Friese, 1900) e Trigona hyalinata (Lepeletier, 1836) apresentaram maior freqüência e, seu comportamento, tocando as partes reprodutivas das flores, sugere que são os principais polinizadores desta espécie vegetal. Além disso, a análise do pólen coletado pelos principais polinizadores demonstrou a fidelidade destes ao taperebá e o grande poder de recrutamento desta espécie.

Variação genética para caracteres silviculturais em progênies de polinização aberta de Astronium graveolens Jacq. (Anacardiaceae)

This study has investigated the genetic variation for silvicultural traits in an open-pollinated progeny test of Astronium graveolens Jacq., established at Luiz Antônio Experimental Station (State of São Paulo, Brazil). The trial was planted in a random block experimental design, containing 23 families, six replications and five plants per plot. The traits measured were diameter at breast height (DBH), total height and stem form. The assessments were taken at the age of 19 years. Significant differences were not detected by the analysis of variance, suggesting that the genetic variation was low, as well as the probability to raising genetic gains through selection among progenies. The coefficient of genetic variation was moderate for the traits height (8.2%) and DBH (21.2%) and low to stem form (4.0%). However, the average coefficient of heritability among progenies was low for all studied traits (ranging from 0.02 to 0.15), confirming the low probability of genetic improvement of this population by selection among progenies.

Uso sustentável da biodiversidade brasileira: prospecção químico-farmacológica em plantas superiores: estudo químico de Astronium graveolens (Anacardiaceae)

O gênero Astronium, pertencente à família Anacardiaceae, é composto por cerca de 35 espécies, sendo típico das regiões norte e nordeste do Brasil. De acordo com a literatura, apenas a espécie Astronium urundeuva foi investigada sob o ponto de vista farmacológico, sendo detectada atividades antiulcerogênica , antiinflamatória e efeitos no trânsito gastrintestinal . Nas espécies A. graveolens e A. fraxinifolium foram avaliados somente os óleos essenciais, sendo que em A. graveolens um desses compostos voláteis mostrou atividade repelente a insetos. Desta forma, percebe-se que a investigação desse importante gênero vegetal ainda é incipiente. Estudos preliminares com o extrato em acetato de etila das folhas de A. graveolens mostraram grande concentração de compostos fenólicos, como derivados de ácido gálico e flavonoides, os quais estão descritos na literatura em geral como substâncias antioxidantes em potencial. As propriedades antioxidantes de diversas substâncias são alvo de interesse nos dias de hoje principalmente por estarem relacionadas à terapêutica de doenças degenerativas. Com o objetivo de dar continuidade aos estudos das espécies citadas, foram utilizadas neste trabalho técnicas de cromatografia como análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para o estudo do perfil químico de Astronium graveolens, separação e identificação de metabólitos secundários. Baseado na literatura e na comparação com padrões, os espectros de ultravioleta observados, indicaram que os extratos em acetato de etila da espécie em estudo são compostos por substâncias derivadas do ácido gálico, derivadas do ácido cafeoilquínico e também por flavonóides. A substância Ag1 foi identificada a partir de experimentos de comparação por CLAE usando banco de padrões, após verificação de similaridade entre tempo de retenção e máximo de absorção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)