1000 resultados para Análise estratigráfica


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O trabalho foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de verificação da aplicabilidade dos conceitos da moderna Estratigrafia de Seqüências no interior cratônico e a possibilidade do refinamento cronoestratigráfico da seção eo/mesodevoniana da Bacia do Amazonas. O autor utilizou as seguintes ferramentas disponíveis para a interpretação e elaboração de um modelo geológico para a seção sedimentar estudada: a) a análise da Paleogeografia, do Paleomagnetismo e da Paleoecologia, através do estudo da Tectônica e do Clima atuantes no Eo/mesodevoniano, no Supercontinente Gondwana, retratadas em reconstituições do mundo devoniano e apoiada em extensiva consulta bibliográfica e em correlação com os conteúdos faunístico, icnológico e litológico da seção que compõe o intervalo pesquisado, com o auxílio de testemunhos, amostras de calha e afloramentos, b) o estabelecimento de superfícies-chave da Estratigrafia de Seqüências, definidas com o apoio de perfis elétrico-radioativos, notadamente o perfil de raios-gama, c) a Cicloestratigrafia química com a utilização dos teores de carbono orgânico e o índice de hidrogênio, d) a Cicloestratigrafia orbital e climática, mediante a análise espectral do perfil de raios-gama da seção estudada e a definição do controle da sedimentação, influenciada pela excentricidade curta da órbita terrestre, em ciclos dentro da banda de freqüências de Milankovitch. O encadeamento dessas análises levou o autor a montar um arcabouço cronoestratigráfico para o Eo/mesodevoniano da porção ocidental da Bacia do Amazonas. Para tanto, foram consideradas a hierarquização das unidades, a definição dos tratos de sistemas deposicionais, limites de seqüências e outras superfícies-chave estratigráficas, e a duração temporal dos eventos. Além disso, são discutidas as possíveis causas principais da evolução tectono-estratigráfica da seção estudada e sua associação com a curva de variação do nível do mar devoniano. Realizou-se ainda, tentativamente, a correlação com outras bacias intracratônicas gondwânicas através da comparação do conteúdo faunístico, da xvii paleoclimatologia, da tectônica, da análise da variação da curva do nível do mar devoniano, da posição geográfica e da relação com o Pólo Sul devoniano, que serviram de base para a compreensão do evento relacionado à passagem do Givetiano ao Frasniano, nessas bacias. Como contribuições principais o autor aponta a aplicabilidade da Estratigrafia de Seqüências no interior cratônico e a possibilidade de refinamento cronoestratigráfico em pelo menos uma ordem de grandeza (10 6 anos para 10 5 anos) com a utilização da metodologia da Cicloestratigrafia orbital.

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A seção rift das bacias brasileiras representa o registro associado à quebra do Gondwana e conseqüente separação entre o Brasil e a África, gerando os mais importantes sistemas petrolíferos do país. Porém, a seção rift nas bacias marginais brasileiras não é adequadamente conhecida em termos estratigráficos, e isto se deve claramente a carência de modelos conceituais cientificamente estabilizados acerca da evolução estratigráfica de bacias rift. A maioria dos estudos estratigráficos ainda aborda as seções rift sob o enfoque puramente litoestratigráfico, raros trabalhos desenvolveram uma análise estratigráfica sob uma óptica genética, utilizando a estratigrafia de seqüências. Isto acontece em parte porque os conceitos da estratigrafia de seqüências clássica são baseados em um controle eustático, em bacias do tipo margem passiva; esta abordagem não funciona se aplicada em bacias rift, pois estas possuem uma geometria muito diferente das bacias de margem passiva e, principalmente, bacias rift são controladas pela tectônica e possuem uma geometria bem diferente das bacias de margem passiva. Assim, com a integração dos conceitos e teorias evolutivas de bacias rift apresentados na literatura, foi desenvolvido um modelo evolutivo conceitual onde um pulso tectônico, relativamente rápido no tempo geológico, gera no sistema geométrico básico de uma bacia rift, o sistema de meiograben, um soerguimento e uma subsidência contemporâneos, resultando assim, em eventos erosivos correlatos a pacotes sedimentares. Em termos de padrões de sedimentação, observou-se também, que existe um atraso na chegada do pulso sedimentar em resposta ao pulso tectônico gerador, fazendo com que os eventos tectonicamente mais ativos do rift sejam caracterizados pela deposição de folhelhos, e sucedidos por sedimentos grossos. A aplicação destes conceitos na Bacia de Camamu-Almada (costa central da Bahia, margem leste brasileira), que possui as fases pré-rift, sin-rift e pós-rift preservadas, possibilitou uma maior compreensão da evolução estratigráfica da fase rift. Foram caracterizadas fácies, determinados os sistemas deposicionais, identificados padrões de empilhamento e delimitadas seqüências deposicionais e suas discordâncias limitantes. Assim, foi possível estabelecer modelos evolutivos sedimentológicos e paleogeográficos, que são fundamentais para a localização espacial (e temporal) dos possíveis folhelhos geradores e dos potenciais arenitos reservatórios. Por fim, pioneiramente, foi aplicado o modelo de Tratos Tectônicos, onde os tratos geométricos são identificados e relacionados a determinadas fases tectônicas da evolução da bacia rift, fornecendo assim, na obra completa, importantes avanços e fundamentais informações para o sistema petrolífero e geologia do petróleo da Bacia de Camamu-Almada, os quais também podem ser utilizados como base para avanços tecnológicos e científicos em outras bacias do tipo rift.

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O presente trabalho analisa os reservatórios turbidíticos do Campo de Namorado, Bacia de Campos – RJ, com a apresentação de um novo modelo evolutivo para o intervalo entre o Albiano superior e Cenomaniano, na área do referido campo. As ferramentas utilizadas neste estudo consistiram da interpretação sísmica em ambiente tridimensional com o software VoxelGeo®, e da análise faciológica junto à perfilagem de poços do referido campo. A análise desenvolvida permitiu a individualização e a posterior visualização tridimensional de um paleocanal meandrante na base do intervalo estudado, feição esta até então não relatada em interpretações anteriores neste reservatório. Como resultado das análises sísmicas e faciológicas, foi possível elaborar um modelo deposicional, onde foram definidos quatro sistemas turbidíticos distintos, inclusos em duas seqüências de 3ª Ordem. Esses sistemas turbidíticos estariam, portanto, associados às seqüências de 4ª Ordem, que são interpretadas como parasseqüências, inseridas nos dois ciclos de 3ª Ordem. As seqüências de 3ª Ordem, que englobam os reservatórios do Campo de Namorado, representariam intervalos de alta freqüência no registro estratigráfico, dentro do contexto de afogamento (2ª Ordem) da Bacia de Campos. Pelas características da calha deposicional observada para o Campo de Namorado, é possível concluir que o sistema, como um todo, foi depositado em um complexo de canais, junto a sistemas de frentes deltaicas. Esses canais, provavelmente, foram esculpidos por fluxos hiperpicnais, formados a partir de inundações catastróficas. As informações provenientes deste estudo, proporcionaram uma melhor compreensão da gênese dos depósitos turbidíticos, acumuladores de hidrocarbonetos, no intervalo estudado, e cuja ocorrência está relacionada com etapas de rebaixamento relativo do nível do mar.

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A Formação Sergi é composta por uma espessa sucessão de depósitos fluviais, eólicos e lacustres relacionados à sedimentação jurássica pré-rifte da Depressão Afro- Brasileira. Com base em dados de subsuperfície (testemunhos e perfis), foram reconhecidas três unidades deposicionais na Formação Sergi no Campo de Fazenda Bálsamo, Bacia do Recôncavo. A Seqüência Ia interdigita-se com os pelitos do Membro Capianga e o seu limite inferior não foi determinado. Depósitos flúvio-lacustres e lençóis de areia eólicos sinalizam a franca progradação de sistemas fluviais distais, com pontuadas retrogradações lacustres e eventuais acumulações eólicas relacionadas a condições ambientais áridas e semi-áridas. A arquitetura tabular dos depósitos reproduz suaves gradientes de amplas áreas recortadas por fluxos estabelecidos em canais pouco estáveis e pobremente definidos. O seu registro relaciona-se a subidas do nível de base estratigráfico, em momentos que as taxas de suprimento sedimentar excederam as taxas de criação de espaço de acomodação, ou, de outro modo, pela progressiva redução nas taxas de subida do nível de base. A Seqüência Ib é constituída por associações de depósitos de fluxos fluviais efêmeros, lacustres e dunas, interdunas e lençóis de areia eólicos. O contato inferior é marcado por um consistente pacote eólico que denota um expressivo rebaixamento do nível de base estratigráfico, enquanto que o superior corresponde a uma superfície erosiva de caráter regional com a Seqüência II que lhe sobrepõe ou, quando da ausência desta, diretamente com os pelitos da Formação Itaparica, unidade litoestratigráfica imediata. Depósitos de dunas e interdunas eólicas na base do intervalo tiveram sua preservação assegurada pela subida do lençol freático, agente que também abasteceu corpos lacustres nas áreas topograficamente rebaixadas do campo de dunas. Seguida aos pontuais fluxos fluviais efêmeros desenvolvidos em canais rasos e pouco estáveis nas épocas mais úmidas, passavam-se longos períodos de rigor climático favoráveis aos processos eólicos. A dinâmica fluvial impôs à geometria deposicional da sucessão uma forma de corpos arenosos amalgamados, pacotes eólicos descontínuos e níveis pelíticos lenticulares. O modelo evolutivo estratigráfico para a Seqüência Ib é similar ao da Seqüência Ia, porém com variações na taxa de subida do nível de base estratigráfico ao longo do tempo. A Seqüência II ocupa a porção superior da Formação Sergi. Sua ocorrência é restrita na área de estudo se confrontada com outras partes da bacia, mas, nem por isso é destituída de importância. Suas características litológicas indicam continuidade dos processos deposicionais em sistemas fluviais de canais entrelaçados e baixa sinuosidade, supostamente associados a condições perenes e mais úmidas, com poucas evidências de variações extremas na descarga. Em resposta às baixas taxas de criação de espaço de acomodação, o registro sedimentar de uma complexa rede de canais multilaterais e multiepisódicos se manifesta em corpos arenosos amalgamados, com baixo potencial de preservação dos depósitos extracanais. A drástica mudança no estilo fluvial teria vínculo com severas mudanças climáticas, bem como a reorganização da drenagem em conseqüência de primitivas manifestações do tectonismo que atingiu seu auge no Eocretáceo, durante o rifteamento da bacia.

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O Campo de Jacuípe, localizado no Compartimento Central da Bacia do Recôncavo, é importante produtor de gás na bacia. Os reservatórios são constituídos por corpos arenosos originados por fluxos gravitacionais subaquosos, intercalados a folhelhos e diamictitos da Formação Maracangalha, de idade cretácea inferior (Andar Rio da Serra Superior). Através da descrição sistemática de cerca de 1200 m de testemunhos, foram definidas três fácies deposicionais e seis fácies deformacionais para o intervalo estudado. O agrupamento das fácies em conjuntos que apresentam características estruturais e genéticas semelhantes permitiu a proposição de cinco associações de fácies. A Associação de Fácies I representa principalmente a sedimentação de background lacustre da área. A Associação de Fácies II é interpretada como o registro de deslizamentos (slides) ou porções proximais de escorregamentos (slumps). Os corpos da Associação de Fácies IIIa representam escorregamentos ou porções distais de deslizamentos. A Associação de Fácies IIIb constitui, possivelmente, o registro de fluxos turbidíticos. A Associação de Fácies IV representa um estágio transicional entre escorregamentos altamente móveis e fluxos de detritos (debris flows). O grau deformacional aumenta progressivamente da Associação de Fácies I para a Associação de Fácies IV. Através da análise dos perfis de raios gama (GR) e potencial espontâneo (SP) dos poços, observa-se um padrão granodecrescente geral, da base do intervalo ao datum utilizado nas seções estratigráficas; seguido de um padrão granocrescente geral, do datum para o topo do intervalo. Esta observação permite a interpretação de uma grande seqüência deposicional de terceira ordem (cerca de 7,5 M.a.), com um trato transgressivo na base e um trato de nível de lago alto no topo, separados por uma superfície de máxima inundação, representada pelo datum Os complexos de escorregamentos/deslizamentos, pontuando o trato de nível alto, podem estar relacionados a eventos de rebaixamento de uma ordem superior (de mais alta freqüência), possivelmente ligados a períodos de quiescência, após pulsos tectônicos episódicos. Os mecanismos de disparo dos fluxos gravitacionais foram provavelmente terremotos, causados pela atividade tectônica de movimentação de falhas, inerente ao estágio sin-rift; associados a instabilizações em áreas de frentes deltaicas progradantes a altas taxas de sedimentação, especialmente em locais de forte mudança no gradiente deposicional, como na paleo-linha de charneira, localizada a norte-noroeste do campo. Um importante mecanismo auxiliar pode ter sido a atividade de soerguimento de diápiros de folhelhos. A conectividade vertical e lateral entre os corpos pode ser considerada baixa. As áreas proximais de corpos arenosos de escorregamentos e, especialmente, de corpos de deslizamentos, pelo baixo grau deformacional, devem se constituir nos melhores reservatórios da área.

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Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE

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Subsurface stratigraphic analysis of Devonian strata from the Rio do Peixe Basin, newly recognized by palynological studies, has resulted in the identification of two new lithostratigraphic units assembled in the Santa Helena Group. The Pilões Formation, the lower unit, is composed mainly of dark mudstones and medium-tovery fine-grained sandstones, with minor conglomerates and breccias. The Triunfo Formation, the upper unit, comprises whitish grey, kaolinitic, coarse-grained to conglomeratic, cross stratified sandstones and conglomerates, with interbedded mudstones and fine-grained sandstones. These units were characterized using cores, sidewall and cuttings samples, conventional logs and image log, from three wells drilled by PETROBRAS, and 3D seismic data. The Pilões Formation is interpreted as prodeltaic facies, with lesser associated subaqueous talus, debrite and sandy turbidite lobe facies, distal part of fandelta and braided fluviodeltaic facies of Triunfo Formation. The Santa Helena Group corresponds to the Lower Devonian tectono-sequence deposited in a NW-SE-trending graben during a transgressiveregressive cycle. With 343 meters of thickness (isochore) in well 1-PIL-1-PB (Pilões 1), this sequence has a non-conformity at the lower boundary and its upper boundary is an unconformity with the Lower Cretaceous tectono-sequence (Rio do Peixe Group), that represents a hiatus of about 265 million years. Ignimbrites and coignimbrite breccias (Poço da Jurema volcanic breccia), related to an unknown pyroclastic volcanic event, were recognized at the northern margin of the Sousa halfgraben. Evidence from well data suggests that this event is coeval with the Devonian graben filling. The present study indicates a polyhistorical tectono-volcanosedimentary evolution of the basin. This lithostratigraphic update brings new perspectives for geological research in the Rio do Peixe Basin, as well as in other inland basins of the Northeastern of Brazil. The results of the research also contribute to the kwnoledge of the Borborema Province and western Gondwana paleogeography during the Early Devonian.

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The Middle Devonian-Early Carboniferous sequence of the Parnaíba Basin, lithostratigraphically defined as Canindé Group, has been reinterpreted using the basic model of sequence stratigraphy. Therefore, lithology and gamma ray well-logs and seismic lines of central portion of the basin were analyzed, producing up from there diagrams 1D, isochore maps and stratigraphic sections. As results of this study, were defined two depositional cycles of second order, referred as Depositional Sequence 1 (SEQ1) and the Depositional Sequence 2 (SEQ2). The SEQ1, with interval about 37 Ma, is limited below by Early Devonian Unconformity and is equivalent to the formations Itaim, Pimenteiras and Cabeças. The SEQ2, which follows, comprises a range of about 15 Ma and is equivalent to the Longá Formation The SEQ1 starts with the lowstand systems tract, consisting of progradational parasequence set in the basal part, predominantly pelitic, deposited on a prodelta under influence of storms and the upper part consists in sandstones of deltaic front, with the maximum regressive surface on the upper limit. The transgressive systems tract, deposited above, is characterized by retrogradacional parasequence set composed of shallow shelf mudstones, deposited under storm conditions. The maximum flooding surface, upper limit of this tract, is positioned in a shale level whose radioactivity in gammaray well-log is close to 150 API. The highstand systems tract presents progradational parasequence set, comprising mudstones and sandstones deposited in shelf, fluvial-estuarine or deltaic and periglacial environments, with the upper limit the Late Devonian Unconformity. The SEQ2 was deposited in shelf environment, starting with the lowstand systems tract, that is characterized by a progradational parasequence set, followed by the transgressive systems tract, with retrogradational character. The upper limit of the tract corresponding to the fusion between maximum flooding surface with the upper limit of this sequence, which is the Early Carboniferous Unconformity, where the overlapping section was eroded. This section, which corresponds the highstand systems tract is restricted to portions at which the erosion that generate the Early-Carboniferous Unconformity was less effective, preserving the records of this unit.

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The Middle Devonian-Early Carboniferous sequence of the Parnaíba Basin, lithostratigraphically defined as Canindé Group, has been reinterpreted using the basic model of sequence stratigraphy. Therefore, lithology and gamma ray well-logs and seismic lines of central portion of the basin were analyzed, producing up from there diagrams 1D, isochore maps and stratigraphic sections. As results of this study, were defined two depositional cycles of second order, referred as Depositional Sequence 1 (SEQ1) and the Depositional Sequence 2 (SEQ2). The SEQ1, with interval about 37 Ma, is limited below by Early Devonian Unconformity and is equivalent to the formations Itaim, Pimenteiras and Cabeças. The SEQ2, which follows, comprises a range of about 15 Ma and is equivalent to the Longá Formation The SEQ1 starts with the lowstand systems tract, consisting of progradational parasequence set in the basal part, predominantly pelitic, deposited on a prodelta under influence of storms and the upper part consists in sandstones of deltaic front, with the maximum regressive surface on the upper limit. The transgressive systems tract, deposited above, is characterized by retrogradacional parasequence set composed of shallow shelf mudstones, deposited under storm conditions. The maximum flooding surface, upper limit of this tract, is positioned in a shale level whose radioactivity in gammaray well-log is close to 150 API. The highstand systems tract presents progradational parasequence set, comprising mudstones and sandstones deposited in shelf, fluvial-estuarine or deltaic and periglacial environments, with the upper limit the Late Devonian Unconformity. The SEQ2 was deposited in shelf environment, starting with the lowstand systems tract, that is characterized by a progradational parasequence set, followed by the transgressive systems tract, with retrogradational character. The upper limit of the tract corresponding to the fusion between maximum flooding surface with the upper limit of this sequence, which is the Early Carboniferous Unconformity, where the overlapping section was eroded. This section, which corresponds the highstand systems tract is restricted to portions at which the erosion that generate the Early-Carboniferous Unconformity was less effective, preserving the records of this unit.

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This thesis deals with the tectonic-stratigraphic evolution of the Transitional Sequence in the Sergipe Sub-basin (the southern segment of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Northeast Brazil), deposited in the time interval of the upper Alagoas/Aptian stage. Sequence boundaries and higher order internal sequences were identified, as well as the structures that affect or control its deposition. This integrated approach aimed to characterize the geodynamic setting and processes active during deposition of the Transitional Sequence, and its relations with the evolutionary tectonic stages recognized in the East Brazilian Margin basins. This subject addresses more general questions discussed in the literature, regarding the evolution from the Rift to the Drift stages, the expression and significance of the breakup unconformity, the relationships between sedimentation and tectonics at extensional settings, as well as the control on subsidence processes during this time interval. The tectonic-stratigraphic analysis of the Transitional Sequence was based on seismic sections and well logs, distributed along the Sergipe Sub-basin (SBSE). Geoseismic sections and seismic facies analysis, stratigraphic profiles and sections, were compiled through the main structural blocks of this sub-basin. These products support the depositional and tectonic-stratigraphic evolutionary models built for this sequence. The structural analysis highlighted similarities in deformation styles and kinematics during deposition of the Rift and Transitional sequences, pointing to continuing lithospheric extensional processes along a NW trend (X strain axis) until the end of deposition of the latter sequence was finished by the end of late Aptian. The late stage of extension/rifting was marked by (i) continuous (or as pulses) fault activity along the basin, controling subsidence and creation of depositional space, thereby characterizing upper crustal thinning and (ii) sagstyle deposition of the Transitional Sequence at a larger scale, reflecting the ductile stretching and thinnning of lower and sub crustal layers combined with an increasing importance of the thermal subsidence regime. Besides the late increments of rift tectonics, the Transitional Sequence is also affected by reactivation of the border faults of SBSE, during and after deposition of the Riachuelo Formation (lower section of the Transgressive Marine Sequence, of Albian age). It is possible that this reactivation reflects (through stress propagation along the newlycreated continental margin) the rifting processes still active further north, between the Alagoas Sub-basin and the Pernambuco-Paraíba Basin. The evaporitic beds of the Transitional Sequence contributed to the development of post-rift structures related to halokinesis and the continental margin collapse, affecting strata of the overlying marine sequences during the Middle Albian to the Maastrichtian, or even the Paleogene time interval. The stratigraphic analysis evidenced 5 depositional sequences of higher order, whose vertical succession indicates an upward increase of the base level, marked by deposition of continental siliciclastic systems overlain by lagunar-evaporitic and restricted marine systems, indicating that the Transitional Sequence was deposited during relative increase of the eustatic sea level. At a 2nd order cycle, the Transitional Sequence may represent the initial deposition of a Transgressive Systems Tract, whose passage to a Marine Transgressive Sequence would also be marked by the drowning of the depositional systems. At a 3rd order cycle, the sequence boundary corresponds to a local unconformity that laterally grades to a widespread correlative conformity. This boundary surface corresponds to a breakup unconformity , being equivalent to the Pre-Albian Unconformity at the SBSE and contrasting with the outstanding Pre-upper Alagoas Unconformity at the base of the Transitional Sequence; the latter is alternatively referred, in the literature, as the breakup unconformity. This Thesis supports the Pre-Albian Unconformity as marker of a major change in the (Rift-Drift) depositional and tectonic setting at SBSE, with equivalent but also diachronous boundary surfaces in other basins of the Atlantic margin. The Pre-upper Alagoas Unconformity developed due to astenosphere uplift (heating under high lithospheric extension rates) and post-dates the last major fault pulse and subsequent extensive block erosion. Later on, the number and net slip of active faults significantly decrease. At deep to ultra deep water basin segments, seaward-dipping reflectors (SDRs) are unconformably overlain by the seismic horizons correlated to the Transitional Sequence. The SDRs volcanic rocks overly (at least in part) continental crust and are tentatively ascribed to melting by adiabatic decompression of the rising astenospheric mantle. Even though being a major feature of SBSE (and possibly of other basins), the Pre-upper Alagoas Unconformity do not correspond to the end of lithospheric extension processes and beginning of seafloor spreading, as shown by the crustal-scale extensional structures that post-date the Transitional Sequence. Based on this whole context, deposition of the Transitional Sequence is better placed at a late interval of the Rift Stage, with the advance of an epicontinental sea over a crustal segment still undergoing extension. Along this segment, sedimentation was controled by a combination of thermal and mechanical subsidence. In continuation, the creation of oceanic lithosphere led to a decline in the mechanical subsidence component, extension was transferred to the mesoceanic ridge and the newly-formed continental margin (and the corresponding Marine Sequence) began to be controlled exclusively by the thermal subsidence component. Classical concepts, multidisciplinary data and new architectural and evolutionary crustal models can be reconciled and better understood under these lines

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Baixo Vermelho area, situated on the northern portion of Umbuzeiro Graben (onshore Potiguar Basin), represents a typical example of a rift basin, characterized, in subsurface, by the sedimentary rift sequence, correlated to Pendência Formation (Valanginian-Barremian), and by the Carnaubais fault system. In this context, two main goals, the stratigraphic and the structural analysis, had guided the research. For this purpose, it was used the 3D seismic volume and eight wells located in the study area and adjacencies. The stratigraphic analysis of the Valanginian-Barremian interval was carried through in two distinct phases, 1D and 2D, in which the basic concepts of the sequence stratigraphy had been adapted. In these phases, the individual analysis of each well and the correlation between them, allowed to recognize the main lithofacies, to interpret the effective depositional systems and to identify the genetic units and key-surfaces of chronostratigraphic character. The analyzed lithofacies are represented predominantly by conglomerates, sandstones, siltites and shales, with carbonate rocks and marls occurring subordinately. According to these lithofacies associations, it is possible to interpret the following depositional systems: alluvial fan, fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine depositional systems. The alluvial fan system is mainly composed by conglomerates deposits, which had developed, preferentially in the south portion of the area, being directly associated to Carnaubais fault system. The fluvial-deltaic system, in turn, was mainly developed in the northwest portion of the area, at the flexural edge, being characterized by coarse sandstones with shales and siltites intercalated. On the other hand, the lacustrine system, the most dominant one in the study area, is formed mainly by shales that could occur intercalated with thin layers of fine to very fine sandstones, interpreted as turbidite deposits. The recognized sequence stratigraphy units in the wells are represented by parasequence sets, systems tracts and depositional sequences. The parasequence sets, which are progradational or retrogradational, had been grouped and related to the systems tracts. The predominance of the progradation parasequence sets (general trend with coarsening-upward) characterizes the Regressive Systems Tract, while the occurrence, more frequently, of the retrogradation parasequence sets (general trend with finning-upward) represents the Transgressive System Tract. In the seismic stratigraphic analysis, the lithofacies described in the wells had been related to chaotic, progradational and parallel/subparallel seismic facies, which are associated, frequently, to the alluvial fans, fluvial-deltaic and lacustrine depositional systems, respectively. In this analysis, it was possible to recognize fifteen seismic horizons that correspond to sequence boundaries and to maximum flooding surfaces, which separates Transgressive to Regressive systems tracts. The recognition of transgressive-regressive cycles allowed to identify nine, possibly, 3a order deposicional sequences, related to the tectonic-sedimentary cycles. The structural analysis, in turn, was done at Baixo Vermelho seismic volume, which shows, clearly, the structural complexity printed in the area, mainly related to Carnaubais fault system, acting as an important fault system of the rift edge. This fault system is characterized by a main arrangement of normal faults with trend NE-SO, where Carnaubais Fault represents the maximum expression of these lineations. Carnaubais Fault corresponds to a fault with typically listric geometry, with general trend N70°E, dipping to northwest. It is observed, throughout all the seismic volume, with variations in its surface, which had conditioned, in its evolutive stages, the formation of innumerable structural features that normally are identified in Pendencia Formation. In this unit, part of these features is related to the formation of longitudinal foldings (rollover structures and distentional folding associated), originated by the displacement of the main fault plan, propitiating variations in geometry and thickness of the adjacent layers, which had been deposited at the same time. Other structural features are related to the secondary faultings, which could be synthetic or antithetic to Carnaubais Fault. In a general way, these faults have limited lateral continuity, with listric planar format and, apparently, they play the role of the accomodation of the distentional deformation printed in the area. Thus, the interaction between the stratigraphic and structural analysis, based on an excellent quality of the used data, allowed to get one better agreement on the tectonicsedimentary evolution of the Valanginian-Barremian interval (Pendência Formation) in the studied area

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Located in northeastern Brazil, the evolution of Araripe Basin has been associated with the fragmentation of Gondwana and opening of the South Atlantic. The Santana Formation belongs to the post-rift sequence of the basin and is characterized by the presence of laminated limestones in the lower portion (Mb. Crato), evaporite (Ipubi) and siliciclastics (Mb. Romualdo). For better understanding of the Romualdo's stratigraphy, depositional environments and tract of systems, a stratigraphic analysis was made with representative columnar sections of the unit. Sedimentary facies have been described in detail, as well as paleocurrents measured at different stratigraphic levels. It was found that the contact of Mb. Romualdo with the carbonate-evaporite section (Mbs. Crato and Ipubi) is a unconformity, evidenced by residual lags and thin layers of conglomerates above the contact. Above the conglomeratic levels predominate fine sandstones / medium interlayered with calciferous green shales. The percentage of shales increases towards the top, featuring retrogradational stacking culminating in layers of coquinas, excellent stratigraphic mark in the basin. Thin layers of coquins of gastropods comprising equinoids, located on the shale section, present in three sections marine deposits are associated with surfaces ravine. The upper section is characterized by recurrent facies of green shales, sandstones intercalated with sandstones progressively become more frequent towards the top of the unit, featuring the regressive part of the cycle. The sandstones present cross-stratification, often with mud clasts and clay layers in the foresets, and beddings of flaser type and wavy in heterolitic facies, suggesting the action of tidal currents. Paleocurrents measured in the sandstones show gaps with opposite flow directions outlining bipolar standards, which reinforce the interpretation of shallow marine environment influenced by tides during the sedimentation...

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The Parnaíba Basin consists in an intracratonic basin whose sucession of rocks is arranged in five supersequences. The Upper Carboniferous-Lower Triassic Sequence represents the third major sedimentary cycle and corresponds to Balsas Group, which is divided into four units: Piauí Formation, Pedra de Fogo Formation, Motuca Formation and Sambaíba Formation, from base to top. Different interpretations have been made by several authors in recent decades to interpreted the depositional system and environments related to each unit that belongs to this sequence. In general way, it is described as a thick pack of siliciclastic sediments deposited under complex conditions, varying from clastic/evaporitic shallow marine to lacustrine and desert environment. Aiming to clarify the sedimentary sequence evolution, this work underwent a stratigraphic analysis of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Triassic deposits by applying modern concepts of the sequence stratigraphy based on well and seismic database. Three main depositional sequences of higher frequency were identified in each well analyzed. The sequence 1 corresponds to rocks initially deposited by a fluvial system with braided channel characteristics which evolved to shallow marine with coastal sabkha conditions related to a transgressive stage, that later evolved to a deltaic system. The Sequence 2 corresponds to rocks deposited in a lacustrine/desert environment associated with sabkha generated during a period of increased aridity in which the area occupied by the Parnaíba Basin had been suffering. The registration of a major regressive phase is shown in Sequence 2 which evolved to a dominantly desert environment recorded in Sequence 3. Seismic stratigraphy analyses allow to define a series of stratigraphic surfaces and related genetic units, as well as to infer its lateral expression. Seismic facies associated with such sequences are dominantly parallel and sub-parallel, with good lateral continuity, suggesting the sedimentary rate was relatively constant during deposition.

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The Parnaíba Basin consists in an intracratonic basin whose sucession of rocks is arranged in five supersequences. The Upper Carboniferous-Lower Triassic Sequence represents the third major sedimentary cycle and corresponds to Balsas Group, which is divided into four units: Piauí Formation, Pedra de Fogo Formation, Motuca Formation and Sambaíba Formation, from base to top. Different interpretations have been made by several authors in recent decades to interpreted the depositional system and environments related to each unit that belongs to this sequence. In general way, it is described as a thick pack of siliciclastic sediments deposited under complex conditions, varying from clastic/evaporitic shallow marine to lacustrine and desert environment. Aiming to clarify the sedimentary sequence evolution, this work underwent a stratigraphic analysis of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Triassic deposits by applying modern concepts of the sequence stratigraphy based on well and seismic database. Three main depositional sequences of higher frequency were identified in each well analyzed. The sequence 1 corresponds to rocks initially deposited by a fluvial system with braided channel characteristics which evolved to shallow marine with coastal sabkha conditions related to a transgressive stage, that later evolved to a deltaic system. The Sequence 2 corresponds to rocks deposited in a lacustrine/desert environment associated with sabkha generated during a period of increased aridity in which the area occupied by the Parnaíba Basin had been suffering. The registration of a major regressive phase is shown in Sequence 2 which evolved to a dominantly desert environment recorded in Sequence 3. Seismic stratigraphy analyses allow to define a series of stratigraphic surfaces and related genetic units, as well as to infer its lateral expression. Seismic facies associated with such sequences are dominantly parallel and sub-parallel, with good lateral continuity, suggesting the sedimentary rate was relatively constant during deposition.