Biography of An Lu-shan.

Mode of access: Internet.

Characterization of the human tissue transglutaminase gene promoter

Transglutaminases are a family of calcium-dependent enzymes, that catalyze the covalent cross-linking of proteins by forming $\varepsilon(\gamma$-glutamyl)lysine isopeptide bonds. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of the tissue transglutaminase gene and to determine its biological functions, the goal of this research has been to clone and characterize the human tissue transglutaminase promoter. Thirteen clones of the tissue transglutaminase gene were obtained from the screening of a human placental genomic DNA library. A 1.74 Kb fragment derived from DNA located immediately upstream of the translation start site was subcloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of this DNA fragment revealed that it contains a TATA box (TATAA), a CAAT box (GGACAAT), and a series of potential transcription factor binding sites and hormone response elements. Four regions of significant homology, a GC-rich region, a TG-rich region, an AG-rich region, and HR1, were identified by aligning 1.8 Kb of DNA flanking the human, mouse, and guinea pig tissue transglutaminase genes.^ To measure promoter activity, we subcloned the 1.74 Kb fragment of the tissue transglutaminase gene into a luciferase reporter vector to generate transglutaminase promoter/luciferase reporter constructs. Transfection experiments showed that this DNA segment includes a functional promoter with high constitutive activity. Deletion analysis revealed that the SP1 sites or corresponding sequences contribute to this activity. We investigated the role of DNA methylation in regulating the activity of the promoter and found that in vitro methylation of tissue transglutaminase promoter/luciferase reporter constructs suppressed their basal activity. Methylation of the promoter is inversely correlated with the expression of the tissue transglutaminase gene in vivo. These results suggest that DNA methylation may be one of the mechanisms regulating the expression of the gene. The tumor suppressor gene product p53 was also shown to inhibit the activity of the promoter, suggesting that induction of the tissue transglutaminase gene is not involved in the p53-dependent programmed cell death pathway. Although retinoids regulate the expression of the tissue transglutaminase gene in vivo, retinoid-inducible activity can not be identified in 3.7 Kb of DNA 5$\sp\prime$ to the tissue transglutaminase gene.^ The structure of the 5$\sp\prime$ end of the tissue transglutaminase gene was mapped. Alignment analysis of the human tissue transglutaminase gene with other human transglutaminases showed that tissue transglutaminase is the simplest member of transglutaminase superfamily. Transglutaminase genes show a conserved core of exons and introns but diverse N-terminuses and promoters. These observations suggest that key regulatory sequences and promoter elements have been appended upstream of the core transglutaminase gene to generate the diversity of regulated expression and regulated activity characteristic of the transglutaminase gene family. ^

Identification of IDUA and WNT16 phosphorylation-related non-synonymous polymorphisms for bone mineral density in meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies

Protein phosphorylation regulates a wide variety of cellular processes. Thus, we hypothesize that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may modulate protein phosphorylation could affect osteoporosis risk. Based on a previous conventional genome-wide association (GWA) study, we conducted a three-stage meta-analysis targeting phosphorylation-related SNPs (phosSNPs) for femoral neck (FN)-bone mineral density (BMD), total hip (HIP)-BMD, and lumbar spine (LS)-BMD phenotypes. In stage 1, 9593 phosSNPs were meta-analyzed in 11,140 individuals of various ancestries. Genome-wide significance (GWS) and suggestive significance were defined by α = 5.21 × 10–6 (0.05/9593) and 1.00 × 10–4, respectively. In stage 2, nine stage 1–discovered phosSNPs (based on α = 1.00 × 10–4) were in silico meta-analyzed in Dutch, Korean, and Australian cohorts. In stage 3, four phosSNPs that replicated in stage 2 (based on α = 5.56 × 10–3, 0.05/9) were de novo genotyped in two independent cohorts. IDUA rs3755955 and rs6831280, and WNT16 rs2707466 were associated with BMD phenotypes in each respective stage, and in three stages combined, achieving GWS for both FN-BMD (p = 8.36 × 10–10, p = 5.26 × 10–10, and p = 3.01 × 10–10, respectively) and HIP-BMD (p = 3.26 × 10–6, p = 1.97 × 10–6, and p = 1.63 × 10–12, respectively). Although in vitro studies demonstrated no differences in expressions of wild-type and mutant forms of IDUA and WNT16B proteins, in silico analyses predicts that WNT16 rs2707466 directly abolishes a phosphorylation site, which could cause a deleterious effect on WNT16 protein, and that IDUA phosSNPs rs3755955 and rs6831280 could exert indirect effects on nearby phosphorylation sites. Further studies will be required to determine the detailed and specific molecular effects of these BMD-associated non-synonymous variants. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Identification of a novel FGFRL1 MicroRNA target site polymorphism for bone mineral density in meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators. Based on a previous genome-wide association (GWA) scan, we conducted a polymorphism in microRNAs' Target Sites (poly-miRTS)-centric multistage meta-analysis for lumbar spine (LS)-, total hip (HIP)-, and femoral neck (FN)-bone mineral density (BMD). In stage I, 41,102 poly-miRTSs were meta-analyzed in 7 cohorts with a genome-wide significance (GWS) α=0.05/41,102=1.22×10-6. By applying α=5×10-5 (suggestive significance), 11 poly-miRTSs were selected, with FGFRL1 rs4647940 and PRR5 rs3213550 as top signals for FN-BMD (P-value=7.67×10-6 and 1.58×10-5) in gender-combined sample. In stage II in silico replication (two cohorts), FGFRL1 rs4647940 was the only signal marginally replicated for FN-BMD (P-value=5.08×10-3) at α=0.10/11=9.09×10-3. PRR5 rs3213550 was also selected based on biological significance. In stage III de novo genotyping replication (two cohorts), FGFRL1 rs4647940 was the only signal significantly replicated for FN-BMD (P-value=7.55×10-6) at α=0.05/2=0.025 in gender-combined sample. Aggregating three stages, FGFRL1 rs4647940 was the single stage I-discovered and stages II- and III-replicated signal attaining GWS for FN-BMD (P-value=8.87×10-12). Dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that FGFRL1 3' untranslated region harboring rs4647940 appears to be hsa-miR-140-5p's target site. In a zebrafish microinjection experiment, dre-miR-140-5p is shown to exert a dramatic impact on craniofacial skeleton formation. Taken together, we provided functional evidence for a novel FGFRL1 poly-miRTS rs4647940 in a previously known 4p16.3 locus, and experimental and clinical genetics studies have shown both FGFRL1 and hsa-miR-140-5p are important for bone formation. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

Forecasting the term structure of volatility of crude oil price changes

Peer reviewed

B itte r an d Sw e e t /Um am i Ta s te Re c ep to rs w ith D iffe ren tly Evo lu tio n a ry Pa thw ays

通过生物信息学和系统发育学分析,研究了苦味受体和甜味/鲜味受体的进化途径。结果显示,苦味受体 和甜味/鲜味受体在进化上具有远相关,并且具有不同的进化途径,提示这可能是导致这些受体具有不同功能,传 导不同味觉的原因。

增訂敬信錄Zeng ding jing xin lu.Le livre du respect et de la fu édition augmentée.

Contient : I太上感應篇Tai shang gan ying pian.Le Tai shang gan ying pian ; II感應篇讀法纂要Gan ying pian du fa zuan yao.Principes pour la lecture du Gan ying pian ; III太上洞玄靈寶梓潼本願眞經Tai shang dong xuan ling bao zi tong ben yuan zhen jing. Autre titre : 文昌帝君本願眞經Wen chang di jun ben yuan zhen jing.Le vrai livre sacré des vœux du dieu de la Littérature ; IV文昌帝君陰騭文Wen chang di jun yin zhi wen ; V文昌帝君勸孝文Wen chang di jun quan xiao wen.Traité pour conseiller la piété filiale, par le dieu de la Littérature ; VI南無大慈大悲觀世音菩薩救苦經Na mo da ci la bei guan shi yin pu sa jiu ku jing.Sūtra de Guan yin miséricordieuse qui sauve du malheur ; VII南無大慈大悲觀世音菩薩救苦經Na mo la ci da bei guan shi yin pu sa gan ying bao sheng jing.Sūtra de Guan yin miséricordieuse qui répond aux pričres et préserve les êtres vivants ; VIII文昌帝君救劫寶章Wen chang di jun jiu jie bao zhang.Précieux articles du dieu de la Littérature pour le salut du monde ; IX文昌帝君聖訓 。蕉窻十則Wen chang di jun sheng xun. Jiao chuang shi ze ; X文昌帝君勸敬字紙文Wen chang di jun quan jing zi zhi wen. Autre titre : 勸敬惜字文Quan jing xi zi wen.Traité pour conseiller le respect des caractères d'écriture ; XI文昌聖願十戒Wen chang sheng yuan shi jie.Les dix défenses du dieu de la Littérature ; XII東嶽大帝回生寶訓Dong yue da di hui sheng bao xun.Précieuses instructions du dieu du Dong yue sur la transmigration ; XIII圓明斗帝勸世文Yuan ming dou di quan shi wen. Autre titre : 斗姥勸世文Dou mu juan shi wen.Conseils au monde, traité de la déesse Yuan ming dou mu ; XIV玄天上帝金科玉律Xuan tian shang di jin ke yu lü.Lois de l'Empereur céleste.Quan shi ge yan.Conseils au monde, par l'Empereur céleste ; XV關聖帝君眞經Guan sheng di jun zhen jing. Autre titre : 關聖帝君寶訓Guan sheng di jun bao xun.Le vrai livre sacré du réveil du monde, par le dieu de la Guerre ; XVI魏元君勸世文Wei yuan jun quan shi wen.Conseils au monde de Wei Yuan jun ; XVII蓮池大師放生文Lian chi da shi fang sheng wen.Traité conseillant de mettre en liberté les êtres qui ont vie, par Lian chi ; XVIII純陽祖師延壽育子歌Chun yang zu shi yan shou yu zi ge.Chant sur la longévité et l'obtention de fils, par le dieu Fu you ; XIX袁了凡先生立命篇Yuan liao fan xian sheng li ming pian ; XX俞淨意公遇竈神記Yu jing yi gong yu zao shen ji ; XXI文昌帝君功過格Wen chang di jun gong ge ge. Autre titre : 太微仙君功過格Tai wei xian jun gong ge ge.Échelle des mérites et des péchés, par le dieu de la Littérature ; XXII呂叔簡先生居官戒刑八章Lü shu jian xian sheng ju guan jie xing ba zhang.Huit conseils aux fonctionnaires, relativement aux châtiments ; XXIII遏淫說E yin shuo ; XXIV戒賭十條Jie du shi thiao.Dix articles contre le jeu ; XXV勸戒溺女言Quan jie ni nü yan.Paroles pour interdire l'infanticide des filles ; XXVI感應篇致福靈驗Gan ying pian zhi fu ling yan.Exemples miraculeux de bonheur produit par le Gan ying pian ; XXVII文昌帝君陰隲文靈驗Wen chang di jun yin zhi wen ling yan.Miracles du Yin zhi wen ; XXVIII損子墮胎異報Sun zi duo tai yi bao.Châtiment extraordinaire de l'infanticide et de l'avortement ; XXIX救急五絕良方Jiu ji Wu jue liang fang.Recettes contre cinq genres de mort ; XXX安胎催生藥方An tai cui sheng yue fang.Remèdes pour faciliter l'accouchement ; XXXI異傳不出天花經驗奇方Yi chuan bu chu tian hua jing yan qi fang.Recettes merveilleuses pour éviter la petite vérole ; XXXII經驗瘧疾方Jing yan yue ji fang.Recette contre la fièvre intermittente ; XXXIII經驗救急良方Jing yan jiu ji liang fang.Formules pour les cas urgents, avec suppléments ; XXXIV勸世良言Quan shi liang yan.Conseils au monde ; XXXV百忍說Bai ren shuo.Traité des cent résignations ; XXXVI百忍歌Bai ren ge.Chant des cent résignations ; XXXVII文昌帝君救世文Wen chang di jun jiu shi wen.Traité pour sauver le monde, par le dieu de la Littérature ; XXXVIII道德天尊像Dao de tian zun xiang.Portrait de Lao zi ; XXXIX靈通萬應丸Ling tong wan ying huan.Pilules de la pénétration spirituelle et des 10. 000 effets ; XL敬信陰隲文獲報Jing xin yin zhi wen he bao.Effets miraculeux du Yin zhi wen ; XLI牙頤神方Ya yi shen fang.Formules merveilleuses contre le mal de dents et la fluxion ; XLII功過格分類彚編Gong ge ge fen lei hui bian.Liste méthodique des mérites et des péchés

進善錄Jin shan lu.

Contient : I認識本義Ren shi ben yi ; II約同眾禱Yue tong zhong dao ; III默想神功Mo xiang shen gong ; IV力行警語Li xing jing yu ; V領聖體功課Ling sheng ti gong ke ; VI神領聖體經Shen ling sheng ti jing ; VII領聖體問荅Ling sheng ti wen da ; VIII各種赦條Ge zhong sha tiao ; IX祈禱神功Qi dao shen gong ; X通功神課Tong gong shen ke ; XI付洗幼孩規說Fu xi you hai gui shuo

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 757 - Übertragungen der Vollmacht an Grodegg und Daniel Friedrichsen

abgedruckt in: Schopenhauer-Jahrbuch 58 (1977), S 197-198

Phycoerythrin concentration during POLARSTERN cruises ANT-XXIV/4, ANT-XXV/1, and ANT-XXVI/4

Phycobiliproteins are a family of water-soluble pigment proteins that play an important role as accessory or antenna pigments and absorb in the green part of the light spectrum poorly used by chlorophyll a. The phycoerythrins (PEs) are one of four types of phycobiliproteins that are generally distinguished based on their absorption properties. As PEs are water soluble, they are generally not captured with conventional pigment analysis. Here we present a statistical model based on in situ measurements of three transatlantic cruises which allows us to derive relative PE concentration from standardized hyperspectral underwater radiance measurements (Lu). The model relies on Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of Lu spectra and, subsequently, a Generalized Linear Model with measured PE concentrations as the response variable and EOF loadings as predictor variables. The method is used to predict relative PE concentrations throughout the water column and to calculate integrated PE estimates based on those profiles.