997 resultados para America Central
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Incluye Bibliografía
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El seminario de ensenanza de la demografia a nivel de pre-grado reunio a un grupo de docentes e investigadores de las universidades de Centroamerica y El Caribe, asi como del CELADE, a objeto de discutir los logros alcanzados y proponer medidas tendientes a una mayor institucionalizacion y mejoramiento de dicha ensenanza, iniciada en la decada del 60. Previa presentacion detallada de las conclusiones del seminario, se analiza la situacion en las distintas universidades en base a una encuesta por paises. Posteriormente, se discute en profundidad la ensenanza de pre-grado impartida en la universidad de Costa Rica y se proponen, a nivel regional, una serie de acciones destinadas a pre y post grado y a cursos no incluidos en la ensenanza regular
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no.1
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La puesta en marcha de la nueva Licenciatura en Geografía en las universidades españolas ha permitido la ampliación del número de asignaturas que pueden estudiar los alumnos. Una de las ofertadas en el nuevo plan de estudios es la Geografía de Iberoamérica, cuyos contenidos anteriormente se incluían en la asignatura Geografía Descriptiva. Con el fin de profundizar en el conocimiento de los espacios geográficos del continente iberoamericano y en el análisis de determinados aspectos de los países, con frecuencia se procede al encargo de trabajos de curso al alumnado. Uno de los problemas que se encuentra a la hora de realizarlos es la escasez de bibliografía y la dificultad para su localización. Esta recopilación bibliográfica pretende un doble objetivo; por una parte, facilitar a los alumnos el acceso a los estudios publicados, evitando que tengan que revisar las series enteras de las revistas y las actas publicadas de los congresos de geografía celebrados, bien monográficos o con ponencias dedicadas a Iberoamérica. Por otro lado, consideramos oportuno dar a conocer a la comunidad geográfica centroamericana los estudios que se publican en España a través de los citados medios (revistas y congresos), los temas y espacios analizados desde el punto de vista geográfico. El desglose bibliográfico relaciona en primer lugar los trabajos referidos al conjunto de Iberoamérica. A continuación los que tienen como objeto de análisis el área centroamericana y caribeña. Con el fin de darle un carácter práctico a este pequeño repertorio, al final se adjunta la relación de revistas citadas con el organismo que las publica, y la dirección del mismo. Esto se realiza con el objetivo de que las personas que tengan interés en disponer de algún artículo cuenten con la información necesaria para poder acceder al mismo.
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Esta nota corresponde a un informe sobre la participación en la quinta Reunión de Geólogos de América Central en Managua, Nicaragua.
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Tropical countries face special specific problems in implementing sustainable forest management (SFM). In many countries, questions are raised on whether tropical forests should be publicly, commonly or privately owned and managed in order to enhance sustainability. Other debates also focus on whether small-scale enterprises are better positioned than large-scale industrial concessions to reduce poverty and attain sustainable management. In countries where large tracts of forest are state-owned, concessions are viewed as a means of delivering services of public and collective interest through an association of private investment and public regulation. However, the success of an industrial concession model in countries with large forest resource endowment to achieve multiple goals such as sustainable forest management and local/regional development depends on two critical assumptions. First, forest functions and services should be managed and maintained as public goods. In many cases, additional uses - and corresponding rights - can take place alongside logging activities. Industrial concessions can be more efficient than other tenure models (such as community-based forest management and small-scale enterprises) in achieving SFM, add value to raw material and comply with growing environmental norms. This is especially the case in market-remote areas with low population density and poor infrastructure. Secondly, to achieve these different outcomes, any concession system needs to be monitored and regulated, especially in contexts dominated by asymmetrical information between regulating authorities and concessionaires. New institutional responses have recently been put forward in several countries, providing valuable materials to design a renewed policy mix which associates public and private incentives. This paper provides a survey of the experience of forest concessions in several Central African and South American countries. The concession system is examined in order to clarify the issues involved, the problems encountered, and what can be learned from the shared experience of these countries in the last decade. This paper argues that despite a sometimes patchy record, concessions can help promote SFM so long as they are packaged with a certain number of specific measures. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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INTRODUCTION: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most important systemic mycosis in South America. Central nervous system involvement is potentially fatal and can occur in 12.5% of cases. This paper aims to contribute to the literature describing eight cases of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPMC) and compare their characteristics with patients without neurological involvement, to identify unique characteristics of NPCM. METHODS: A cohort of 213 PCM cases was evaluated at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from October 1976 to August 2008. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic and follow-up data were registered. RESULTS: Eight patients presented NPCM. The observed NPCM prevalence was 3.8%. One patient presented the subacute form of PCM and the other seven presented the chronic form of the disease. The parenchymatous form of NPCM occurred in all patients. 60% of the patients who proceeded from the north/ northeast region of Minas Gerais State developed NPCM. The neurological involvement of a mother and her son was observed. NPCM patients exhibited demographical and clinical profiles similar to what is described in the literature. When NPCM cases were compared to PCM patients, there were differences in relation to origin and positive PCM family history. CONCLUSIONS: The results corroborate the clinical view that the neurological findings are extremely important in the evaluation of PCM patients. Despite the limitations of this study, the differences in relation to patient's origins and family history point to the need of further studies to determine the susceptibility factors involved in the neurological compromise.
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Spanish version available at the Library
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Incluye Bibliografía