Fine scale structures from deformation of aluminium containing small alumina particles

Microstructures and mechanical properties have been studied in aluminium containing a fine dispersion of alumina particles, deformed by cold-rolling to strains between 1.4 and 3.5. The microstructure was characterised by TEM. The deformation structures evolved very rapidly, forming a nanostructured material, with fine subgrains about 0.2 μm in diameter and a fraction of high-angle boundaries which was already high at a strain of 1.4, but continued to increase with rolling strain. The yield stress and ductility of the rolled materials were measured in tension, and properties were similar for all materials. Yield stress measurements were correlated with estimates made using microstructural models. The role of small particles in forming and stabilising the deformation structure is discussed. This nanostructured cold-deformed alloy has mechanical properties which are usefully enhanced at comparatively low cost. This gives it, and similar particle-strengthened alloys, good potential for commercial exploitation. © 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

DETERMINATION OF AMINOPYRINE AND ITS METABOLITE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUID BY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY ELECTROCHEMISTRY WITH A GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODE DISPERSED WITH ALPHA-ALUMINA PARTICLES

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitative determination of aminopyrine (AM) and its metabolite 4-aminoantipyrine (AAN). The method utilizes reverse-phase chromatography/amperometric detection with a glassy carbon electrode dispersed with alpha-arumina particles as the working electrode, on which the oxidation of AM and AAN was greatly improved compared with that on a bare glassy carbon electrode. As a result, the detection limit was as low as 1.4 ng for AM and 0.8 ng for AAN, and the calibration plots for the above compounds have wide linear ranges from 100 ng/mL to 100 mu g/mL and 60 ng/mL to 80 mu g/mL (for AM and AAN, respectively). The above method was applied for the detection of these materials in human urine with satisfactory results.

Process for the production of ultrafine plate-like alumina particles

A process for producing plate-like alumina particles with a high aspect ratio is described. Nano-sized particles of an aluminium precursor compound, optionally formed by milling, are mixed with a sufficient volume fraction of a diluent and heat treated to form substantially discrete plate-like alpha alumina particles dispersed in the diluent. A mineraliser may be added to lower the effective melting point of the system. Substantially discrete plate-like particles may be formed without agitation when the heat treatment is conducted below the melting point of the diluent.

Process for the production of ultrafine plate-like alumina particles

A process for producing plate-like alumina particles with a high aspect ratio is described. Nano-sized particles of an aluminium precursor compound, optionally formed by milling, are mixed with a sufficient volume fraction of a diluent and heat treated to form substantially discrete plate-like alpha alumina particles dispersed in the diluent. A mineraliser may be added to lower the effective melting point of the system. Substantially discrete plate-like particles may be formed without agitation when the heat treatment is conducted below the melting point of the diluent.

Optimization of rheological properties of photopolymerizable alumina suspensions for ceramic microstereolithography

Microstereolithography (MSL) is a rapid prototyping technique to fabricate complex three-dimensional (3D) structure in the microdomain involving different materials such as polymers and ceramics. The present effort is to fabricate microdimensional ceramics by the MSL system from a non-aqueous colloidal slurry of alumina. This slurry predominantly consists of two phases i.e. sub-micrometer solid alumina particles and non-aqueous reactive difunctional and trifunctional acrylates with inert diluent. The first part of the work involves the study of the stability and viscosity of the slurry using different concentrations of trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) as a dispersant. Based on the optimization, the highest achievable solid loadings of alumina has been determined for this particular colloidal suspension. The second part of the study highlights the fabrication of several micro-dimensional alumina structures by the MSL system. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.

Morfologia e topografia de superfícies de aço inoxidável duplex UNS S32205, submetidas à erosão por impactos de partículas de alumina em fluxo de ar.

Os aços inoxidáveis duplex vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizados em aplicações que demandam maior resistência à corrosão que os aços inoxidáveis tradicionais. Suas aplicações em estruturas ao ar livre, ou submersas, motivam estudos sobre seu desempenho em variadas situações, como no caso de exposição ao desgaste erosivo.O presente trabalho estuda os efeitos da erosão por impacto de partículas sólidas em superfícies de amostras de um aço inoxidável duplex UNS S32205, tanto do ponto de vista morfológico quanto do topográfico. Superfícies de amostras polidas e posteriormente submetidas a ataques erosivos com partículas de alumina em fluxo de ar, foram examinadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, para verificação das formas de desgaste obtidas, e submetidas a ensaios de rugosidade, para determinação do perfil e avaliação da evolução do processo erosivo. Foi feito um exame mais detalhado de formatos de crateras, para comparação com mecanismos propostos em modelos descritos na literatura e com resultados de simulações pelo método dos elementos finitos. Nesse aspecto, o método utilizado mostrou-se tão eficaz quanto aos métodos tradicionais de estudos balísticos com uma só partícula, além de mais abrangente e econômico. As medidas de rugosidade superficial e as informações estatísticas derivadas sinalizaram a possibilidade de utilização dessa ferramenta para avaliar as condições de efetiva perda de massa, que caracterizam a erosão.

A GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODE MODIFIED BY DISPERSED ALPHA-ALUMINA AS AN ENHANCED ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTOR IN LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR CYSTEINE AND GLUTATHIONE

The dispersion of alumina particles on a glassy-carbon surface serving as a modified electrode significantly enhances the amperometric detection of cysteine and glutathione following liquid chromatography. With an applied potential of 0.8 V vs. SCE, the detection limits were 1.2 ng for cysteine and 8 ng for glutathione and the electrode response was linear up to 600 ng for cysteine and 1.8-mu-g for glutathione. The modified electrode displayed high sensitivity and stability and was easy and inexpensive to prepare.

Stratified Sampling Applied to Estimation of the Volumetric Fraction of Alumina in Cast Metal Matrix Composites

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Morphology of alumina: a comparison between infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry

Morphology of three samples of alumina are investigated. Infrared spectra are analysed by use of their morphology through the theory of average dielectric constant. Crystal shape is obtained from X-ray diffraction patterns by reflection intensity ratio. In the case of electron scanning microscopy, shape factor was obtained by an average axial ratio of the particles. Comparison of results show that there is agreement among these techniques and infrared spectra can be used to determine the morphology of alumina particles from 2.7 to 10 mu m, even for heterogeneous samples. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Análise do acabamento superficial e força de corte no torneamento de alumina a verde

In experimental conditions, cutting forces were studied during turning of green alumina billets, including their correlation with surface aspects of the workpiece. The correlation between cutting power and the removal rate are important parameters for defining the design of ceramic products, since inadequate parameters can produce excessive surface damage to the workpiece. This study examined the forces obtained during turning of alumina workpieces with 99.8% purity in their green state, by means of a three-point dynamometer, evaluating the cutting, feed and depth forces, using a cermet tool under constant machining conditions. Variables were compared with the forces, including surface finish, tool wear and temperature during machining. In the study, it was found that the depth of cut had no significant effect on the surface quality, and the cutting speed and feed influencing the finish. However, preliminary tests for selecting the cutting conditions showed that unsuitables cutting speeds and feeds generate severe damage to the workpiece surface. The best condition was 1.00 mm depth of cut, and the forces increasedfor with each pass performed, with the feed force the variable with greatest increases in relation to the cutting and depth forces, and wear of the cutting tool directly influenced the surface finish, generated by the highly abrasive nature of the alumina particles of the green compact. It is emphasized that the alumina in its green state showed high abrasive effect on the cutting tool during the turning process and the surface finishing of the green workpiece had a direct influence on the sintered workpiece.

Pulsed laser surface treatment of magnesium alloy: Correlation between thermal model and experimental observations

The effect of deposition of Al +Al2O3 on MRI 153 M Mg alloy processed using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser is presented in this study. A composite coating with metallurgical joint to the substrate was formed. The microstructure and phase constituents were characterized and correlated with the thermal predictions. The laser scan speed had an effect on the average melt depth and the amount of retained and/or reconstituted alumina in the final coating. The coating consisted of alumina particles and highly refined dendrites formed due to the extremely high cooling rates (of the order of 10(8) K/s). The microhardness of the coating was higher and several fold improvement of wear resistance compared to the substrate was observed for the coatings. These microstructural features and physical properties were correlated with the effects predicted by a thermal model.

Influência de diferentes métodos de condicionamento superficial em pinos pré-fabricados resinosos fibro-reforçados em vidro e quartzo na resistência adesiva a compósito de polimerização dual: teste de push-out

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação tridimensional da rugosidade superficial em 3 tipos de pinos de fibra - DT LightPost, FRC Postec Plus e Transluma Post - submetidos a diferentes tratamentos de superfície e avaliar os efeitos dos pré-tratamentos na resistência adesiva a um compósito de presa dual Biscore. Os tratamentos de superfície foram: imersão em ácido hidrofluorídrico, jateamento com óxido de alumínio a 50m, imersão em peróxido de hidrogênio, jateamento com óxido de alumínio a 50m seguido de imersão em ácido hidrofluorídrico e jateamento com óxido de alumínio a 50m seguido de imersão em peróxido de hidrogênio. No experimento 1, 75 pinos foram divididos em 3 grupos (n = 25), de acordo com seu fabricante e subdivididos em cinco subgrupos. A rugosidade superficial foi medida usando um rugosímetro tridimensional e analisada com o software de análise 3D. Os valores de rugosidade foram obtidos antes e após diferentes tratamentos de superfície na área dos mesmos corpos-de-prova. Para o experimento 2, foram utilizados os mesmos corpos-de-prova, os mesmos grupos e subgrupos do experimento 1, tendo sido adicionado o subgrupo de controle (n=90) e a resistência adesiva a um compósito presa dual Biscore foi mensurada através de um teste push-out. A resistência adesiva foi medida em uma máquina universal de ensaios, com uma célula de carga tipo SLBL-5kN em uma velocidade de 0,5 mm / min. Os resultados do experimento 1 foram analisados através de um teste estatístico t-Student. Jateamento e jateamento seguido de imersão em ácido hidrofluorídrico produziram um aumento estatisticamente significante na rugosidade, contudo somente o tratamento por jateamento proporcionou um aumento significativo nos valores de rugosidade. Os resultados do experimento 2 foram obtidos através de um um teste t-unilateral de hipótese com variância desconhecida. Concluiu-se que o jateamento com óxido de alumínio a 50μm em uma distância de 30 mm a 2,5 bar de pressão por 5 segundos foi suficiente para modificar a topografia dos pinos de fibra de vidro e quartzo e que o jateamento com partículas de 50 μ alumina a distância de 30 mm a 2,5 bar de pressão por 5 segundos foi o único tratamento de superfície que aumentou a resistência adesiva do compósito Biscore aos pinos DT Light Post e Transluma Post. Os pinos FRC Postec Plus não demostraram um aumento estatisticamente significante na resistência adesiva em nenhum grupo.

Flow field measurements of pulverized coal combustion using optical diagnostic techniques

This paper demonstrates the application of laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques to a particle-laden reacting flow of pulverized coal. A laboratory-scale open-type annular burner is utilized to generate velocity profiles of coal particles and micrometric alumina particles. Pair-wise two-component LDV measurements and high-speed stereo PIV measurements provide three-dimensional velocity components of the flow field. A detailed comparison of velocities for alumina and coal particle seeding revealed differences attributed to the wide size distribution of coal particles. In addition, the non-spherical shape and high flame luminosity associated with coal particle combustion introduces noise to the Mie scatter images. The comparison of mean and RMS velocities measured by LDV and PIV techniques showed that PIV measurements are affected by the wide size distribution of coal particles, whereas LDV measurements become biased toward the velocity of small particles, as signals from large particles are rejected. This small-particle bias is also reflected in the spectral characteristics for both techniques, which are in good agreement within the range of frequencies accessible. PIV measurements showed an expected lack of response of large coal particles to the turbulence fluctuations. The overall good agreement between LDV and PIV measurements demonstrates the applicability of the high-speed PIV technique to a particle-laden, high luminosity coal flame while highlighting some of its limitations. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.