984 resultados para Alinhamento lexical
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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In the architecture of a natural language processing system based on linguistic knowledge, two types of component are important: the knowledge databases and the processing modules. One of the knowledge databases is the lexical database, which is responsible for providing the lexical unities and its properties to the processing modules. The systems that process two or more languages require bilingual and/or multilingual lexical databases. These databases can be constructed by aligning distinct monolingual databases. In this paper, we present the interlingua and the strategy of aligning the two monolingual databases in REBECA, which only stores concepts from the “wheeled vehicle” domain.
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This article presents a characterization of the lexical competence (vocabulary knowledge and use) of students learning to read in EFL in a public university in São Paulo state. Although vocabulary has been consistently cited as one of the EFL reader´s main source of difficulty, there is no data in the literature which shows the extent of the difficulties. The data for this study is part of a previous research, which investigates, from the perspective of an interactive model of reading, the relationship between lexical competence and EFL reading comprehension. Quantitative as well as qualitative data was considered. For this study, the quantitative data is the product of vocabulary tests of 49 subjects while the qualitative data comprises pause protocols of three subjects, with levels of reading ability ranging from good to poor, selected upon their performance in the quantitative study. A rich concept of vocabulary knowledge was adapted and used for the development of vocabulary tests and analysis of protocols. The results on both studies show, with a few exceptions, the lexical competence of the group to be vague and imprecise in two dimensions: quantitative (number of known words or vocabulary size) and qualitative (depth or width of this knowledge). Implications for the teaching of reading in a foreign context are discussed.
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Nine individuals with complex language deficits following left-hemisphere cortical lesions and a matched control group (n 5 9) performed speeded lexical decisions on the third word of auditory word triplets containing a lexical ambiguity. The critical conditions were concordant (e.g., coin–bank–money), discordant (e.g., river–bank–money), neutral (e.g., day–bank– money), and unrelated (e.g., river–day–money). Triplets were presented with an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 100 and 1250 ms. Overall, the left-hemisphere-damaged subjects appeared able to exhaustively access meanings for lexical ambiguities rapidly, but were unable to reduce the level of activation for contextually inappropriate meanings at both short and long ISIs, unlike control subjects. These findings are consistent with a disruption of the proposed role of the left hemisphere in selecting and suppressing meanings via contextual integration and a sparing of the right-hemisphere mechanisms responsible for maintaining alternative meanings.
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The Coefficient of Variance (mean standard deviation/mean Response time) is a measure of response time variability that corrects for differences in mean Response time (RT) (Segalowitz & Segalowitz, 1993). A positive correlation between decreasing mean RTs and CVs (rCV-RT) has been proposed as an indicator of L2 automaticity and more generally as an index of processing efficiency. The current study evaluates this claim by examining lexical decision performance by individuals from three levels of English proficiency (Intermediate ESL, Advanced ESL and L1 controls) on stimuli from four levels of item familiarity, as defined by frequency of occurrence. A three-phase model of skill development defined by changing rCV-RT.values was tested. Results showed that RTs and CVs systematically decreased as a function of increasing proficiency and frequency levels, with the rCV-RT serving as a stable indicator of individual differences in lexical decision performance. The rCV-RT and automaticity/restructuring account is discussed in light of the findings. The CV is also evaluated as a more general quantitative index of processing efficiency in the L2.
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This study examined spoken-word recognition in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and normally developing children matched separately for age and receptive language ability. Accuracy and reaction times on an auditory lexical decision task were compared. Children with SLI were less accurate than both control groups. Two subgroups of children with SLI, distinguished by performance accuracy only, were identified. One group performed within normal limits, while a second group was significantly less accurate. Children with SLI were not slower than the age-matched controls or language-matched controls. Further, the time taken to detect an auditory signal, make a decision, or initiate a verbal response did not account for the differences between the groups. The findings are interpreted as evidence for language-appropriate processing skills acting upon imprecise or underspecified stored representations.
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Recent semantic priming investigations in Parkinsons disease (PD) employed variants of Neelys (1977) lexical decision paradigm to dissociate the automatic and attentional aspects of semantic activation (McDonald, Brown, Gorell, 1996; Spicer, Brown, Gorell, 1994). In our earlier review, we claimed that the results of Spicer, McDonald and colleagues normal control participants violated the two-process model of information processing (Posner Snyder, 1975) upon which their experimental paradigm had been based (Arnott Chenery, 1999). We argued that, even at the shortest SOA employed, key design modifications to Neelys original experiments biased the tasks employed by Spicer et al. and McDonald et al. towards being assessments of attention-dependent processes. Accordingly, we contended that experimental procedures did not speak to issues of automaticity and, therefore, Spicer, McDonald and colleagues claims of robust automatic semantic activation in PD must be treated with caution.
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The processing of lexical ambiguity in context was investigated in eight individuals with schizophrenia and a matched control group. Participants made speeded lexical decisions on the third word in auditory word triplets representing concordant (coin-bank-money), discordant (river-bank-money). neutral (day-bank-money), and unrelated (river-day-money) conditions. When the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the words was 100 ms. individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated priming consistent with selective. context-based lexical activation. At 1250 ms ISI a pattern of nonselective meaning facilitation was obtained. These results suggest an attentional breakdown in the sustained inhibition of meanings on the basis of lexical context. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).
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O Centro Gestor e Operacional do Sistema de Prote????o da Amaz??nia (Censipam) desenvolveu, com o apoio t??cnico do Departamento de Programas de Gest??o da Secretaria de Gest??o do Minist??rio do Planejamento Or??amento e Gest??o, o seu alinhamento estrat??gico. Essa atividade abrangeu desde a auto-avalia????o da gest??o e a an??lise dos ambientes interno e externo at?? a defini????o e an??lise de consist??ncia dos componentes estrat??gicos e finalizou-se com a defini????o, a implementa????o e o monitoramento do Plano de Melhoria da Gest??o, denominado de Plano de A????o do Censipam ??? PAS 2005/2006. Para a implementa????o e monitoramento do plano, a equipe do Censipam desenvolveu planilhas eletr??nicas, em software comercial largamente utilizado, que permitem o cadastro, o envio das informa????es e a gera????o autom??tica de relat??rios sobre o desenvolvimento das a????es e do plano. Esta experi??ncia mostra que podem ser desenvolvidas e implementadas solu????es simples, com o apoio t??cnico especializado de ??rg??os do pr??prio governo, utilizando-se tecnologias e recursos dispon??veis, para melhorar a efic??cia e efici??ncia da gest??o dos ??rg??os p??blicos, bastando, para tanto, decis??o e apoio institucionais
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Contrata????o de servi??os t??cnicos profissionais especializados de doc??ncia para modera????o na Oficina, sob medida, de reflex??o e alinhamento das pol??ticas de promo????o e incentivo ?? leitura em nosso Pa??s, sendo a execu????o da Oficina norteada pelas diretrizes expressas no inciso I do art. 2?? da Resolu????o n?? 01 de 31 de janeiro de 2013 e nos incisos I do art. 2?? do Decreto n?? 8.091, de 03 de setembro de 2013
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A tecnologia de informação e comunicação (TIC) é fator crítico de competitividade das empresas. Embora alguns autores questionem o fato de a TIC poder ser considerada uma fonte de vantagem competitiva, há consenso quanto à necessidade do seu alinhamento à estratégia da empresa de modo que ela possa contribuir para a otimização do desempenho organizacional. Assegurar este alinhamento, ou seja, a consistência da estratégia da TIC com a da empresa, com vistas a aumentar sua efetividade, tornou-se particularmente importante com o acirramento da competição no setor de petróleo, em decorrência da abertura deste mercado no Brasil a partir de janeiro de 2002. Este artigo compartilha os resultados de um estudo de casos múltiplos nas unidades de negócios do refino da Petrobras e apresenta uma proposta de modelo conceitual para auxiliar a gestão da TIC no sentido de garantir o alinhamento de suas ações com as estratégias do negócio, com vistas a potencializar a contribuição da TIC para um melhor desempenho dessas unidades. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, conclui-se que nelas existe um grau de alinhamento parcial da TIC à estratégia da empresa, sendo esta visão compartilhada pelos gerentes das suas diversas áreas de negócios. Como contribuição adicional, recomenda-se que a promoção do alinhamento estratégico da TIC seja construída no contexto do ciclo evolutivo da metodologia de avaliação do desempenho e gestão estratégica, balanced scorecard (BSC), que está sendo implementada na Petrobras.
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As configurações em redes são cada vez mais importantes para a performance e a conduta das empresas na maioria das indústrias. Entretanto, as suas implicações estratégicas sob a ótica da responsabilidade social e ambiental têm sido não somente pouco investigadas no âmbito acadêmico, como também pouco consideradas no planejamento estratégico das empresas. Este artigo contribui para preencher esta lacuna ao investigar o impacto das alianças e redes de relacionamento na gestão estratégica da Petrobras, considerando sua dimensão socioambiental. O estudo teve como foco a Petrobras, maior empresa de energia do Brasil, devido ao desafio de sustentar sua vantagem competitiva com uma postura socialmente responsável. Os dados foram coletados por meio de investigação documental/telematizada, questionários estruturados e entrevistas. A interpretação e a análise dos dados foram realizadas com base no referencial teórico pertinente à área de estudo e com auxílio do modelo de Macedo-Soares - SNA (2002) para análises estratégicas na ótica relacional, ou seja, que leva em conta as implicações estratégicas dos relacionamentos, notadamente alianças, e redes formadas por estes, nas quais a empresa atua. Os resultados evidenciam que a análise nessa ótica relacional agrega valor à análise tradicional, por exemplo, da escola posicionamento, que não contempla estes relacionamentos, contribuindo com novos subsídios para a tomada de decisão estratégica da Petrobras, considerando sua orientação socioambiental.