933 resultados para Aisberg-2004-19


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Grain-size, mineral and chemical compositions of suspended particulate matter (SPM) from waters of the Severnaya (North) Dvina River mouth area during the spring flood in May 2004 is studied. Data published on composition of riverine SPM in the White Sea basin are very poor. The spring flood period when more than half of annual runoff is supplied from the river to the sea in during short time is understood more poorly. The paper considers comparison results of the grain size compositions of SPM and bottom sediments. Data of laser and hydraulic techniques of grain size analysis are compared. Short-period variations of SPM concentration and composition representing two diurnal peaks of the tide level are studied. It is found that SPM is mainly transferred during the spring flood as mineral aggregates up to 40 µm diameter. Sandy-silty fraction of riverine SPM settles in delta branches and channels, and bulk of clay-size material is supplied to the sea. Mineral and chemical compositions of SPM from the North Dvina River are determined by supply of material from the drainage basin. This material is subjected to intense mechanic separation during transfer to the sea. Key regularities of formation of mineral composition of SPM during the flood time are revealed. Effect of SPM grain size composition on distribution of minerals and chemical elements in study in the dynamic system of the river mouth area are characterized.

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为了探讨海洋平台桶形基础在水平动载荷下的响应特性,为实际工程设计提供依据,本文以等效动冰载作用为例,对饱和砂土地基上桶形基础的动力响应进行了离心机实验研究。通过实验发现,沿深度方向,孔隙水压力从土体表层到土体下部逐渐减小,当土体表层已液化,下部土体(桶底面高程位置)的孔隙水压力增加还很小,桶的总承载力降低约17%。;沿水平方向,孔隙水压力发展从桶壁近区到远处逐渐衰减,在离桶壁3%桶直径处,液化指数(孔隙水压力除以初始有效应力)已为1.0,在离桶壁23%桶直径处,液化指数为0.4。随载荷幅值增加,土体软化、液化发展加快;在实验范围内,随压重增加,上部土体影响增加;在桶直径一定条件下,土体响应随桶高的减小而增加。

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对饱和砂土地基上等效动冰载下桶形基础的响应进行了实验研究。考察了均匀土层情况下的变形和影响区域,对承载特性进行了分析。结果表明,由于动冰载的作用,桶基周围土体逐渐软化甚至液化,土体强度降低,桶逐渐下沉,桶周围影响逐渐扩大,但是变形和影响区的发展逐渐达到一个稳定状态。该稳定状态可以作为工程设计时的一个重要参考。

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储层介质变形分为弹性变形、塑性变形和弹塑性变形 3种类型 .重点研究了介质塑性变形后地层孔隙度和渗透率变化条件下的不稳定渗流问题 .建立了孔隙度、渗透率指数变化规律的试井分析模型 ,通过有限元方法得到了井底压力随时间变化的双对数理论曲线 ,并对理论曲线的特征进行了分析 .通过实际井例分析 ,说明变孔渗试井模型具有较好的应用效果

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采用有限元软件ABAQUS对管土系统进行分析,土体的本构模型采用多孔弹性模型。通过改变管道的水下重、环境载荷等参数进行计算,可以得到管道的位移、海床孔隙水压力分布、土体侧向隆起。计算结果表明,管道的水下重、环境载荷、土性参数均对管土系统有影响。

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在阅读文献的基础上,对海底管线与海床之间的相互作用进行了系统的阐述。介绍了海底管道稳定性的设计方法、国内外管土相互作用的试验情况和数值计算的进展。指出了管土相互作用要解决的一些问题。

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 本文采用数值模拟的方法研究油水混合物在直管和螺旋管中的流动状况。计算采用Euler Euler法和Euler模型:支配油水分离两相流动的基本方程包括连续方程和动量方程,湍流模型采用多相流中混合型k ε模式,基本方程的离散和求解采用SIMPLE算法。利用Fluent软件,以直管和螺旋管为例进行了计算,获得了初步计算结果。计算表明,本文所用方法可以较好地模拟直管中油水在重力作用下的分离,以及螺旋分离器中油水在重力和离心力共同作用下的分离现象。并可为实验研究提供参考。

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建筑结构上荻取的地震反应记录有助于促进建筑抗震设计规范的改进,从而减轻地震引起的生命财产损失.本文对建筑结构地震反应观测系统布设的目的进行了简要论述,并就观测系统的构成及测点布设原则作了详细介绍.此外,以防灾楼结构地震反应观测系统作为典型实例进行了介绍.