Composition of suspended matter and bottom sediments from the North Dvina mouth area

Grain-size, mineral and chemical compositions of suspended particulate matter (SPM) from waters of the Severnaya (North) Dvina River mouth area during the spring flood in May 2004 is studied. Data published on composition of riverine SPM in the White Sea basin are very poor. The spring flood period when more than half of annual runoff is supplied from the river to the sea in during short time is understood more poorly. The paper considers comparison results of the grain size compositions of SPM and bottom sediments. Data of laser and hydraulic techniques of grain size analysis are compared. Short-period variations of SPM concentration and composition representing two diurnal peaks of the tide level are studied. It is found that SPM is mainly transferred during the spring flood as mineral aggregates up to 40 µm diameter. Sandy-silty fraction of riverine SPM settles in delta branches and channels, and bulk of clay-size material is supplied to the sea. Mineral and chemical compositions of SPM from the North Dvina River are determined by supply of material from the drainage basin. This material is subjected to intense mechanic separation during transfer to the sea. Key regularities of formation of mineral composition of SPM during the flood time are revealed. Effect of SPM grain size composition on distribution of minerals and chemical elements in study in the dynamic system of the river mouth area are characterized.

Pressure drops of single and two-phase flows through T-type microchannel mixers

In this paper, preliminary experimental results are presented on pressure drop characteristics of single and two-phase flows through two T-type rectangular microchannel mixers with hydraulic diameters of 528 and 333 mum, respectively. It is shown that both N-2 and water single-phase laminar flows in microchannels, with consideration of experimental uncertainties, are consistent with classic theory, if additional effects, such as entrance effects that will interfere with the interpretation of experimental results, are eliminated by carefully designing the experiments. The obtained pressure drop data of N-2-water two-phase flow in micromixers are analyzed and compared with existing flow pattern-independent models. It is found that the Lockhart-Martinelli method generally underpredicts the frictional pressure drop. Thereafter, a modified correlation of C value in the Chisholm's equation based on linear regression of experimental data is proposed to provide a better prediction of the two-phase frictional pressure drop. Also among the homogeneous flow models investigated, the viscosity correlation of McAdams indicates the best performance in correlating the frictional pressure drop data (mean deviations within +/-20% for two micromixers both). Finally it is suggested that systematic studies are still required to accurately predict two-phase frictional performance in microchannels. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diseño de portafolios de inversión sobre los sectores económicos del PIB

Muchas empresas nacionales o inversionistas extranjeros desean saber cual es el mejor sector productivo en donde puedan invertir su dinero. Pero de manera más amplia, un buen inversionista desea saber como diseñar un portafolio de inversión en varios sectores, de manera de diversificar el riesgo sobre su dinero. En nuestro país, como en muchos países en vías de desarrollo, los sectores económicos tienen fluctuaciones a lo largo del tiempo. En ciertas épocas, mientras unos negocios mantienen una buena rentabilidad, otros pasan por períodos de depresión. En esos casos, es deseable tener el dinero repartido de tal forma que los negocios en sectores productivos prósperos ayuden a mantener la operación de los negocios más deprimidos. Con esta perspectiva, la presente tesis tiene por objeto establecer un ensayo de cálculo que permita definir las mejores opciones de inversión entre los diferentes sectores económicos del país. El trabajo comie nza con la recolección de información sobre los estados de resultados y balances de las compañías de cada sector económico, a partir de la cual se obtendrán índices financieros y otros parámetros que permitan caracterizar a cada sector de la economía según su rentabilidad y estabilidad financiera. El análisis de portafolios considera siempre la rentabilidad como una de las variables fundamentales, por lo que se debe escoger un índice de rendimiento para los respectivos análisis. En la presente tesis se ha tomado el índice de apalancamiento de manera de hacer un ensayo y establecer comparaciones con resultados obtenidos a partir del rendimiento patrimonial. Estos datos son tomados en un período de 12 años para analizar su variabilidad a través del tiempo y catalogar el riesgo de cada sector. Con los datos de riesgo y rendimiento así obtenidos, se ha procedido encontrar los valores de sensibilidad Beta de cada sector y los rendimientos esperados mediante el CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model). Finalmente se han diseñado varios portafolios de inversión aplicando el modelo de Marcowitz. No obstante, la limitación de información que se tiene en el país, hace que los resultados obtenidos deban ser tomados solo como referencias y no como datos cien por ciento confiables. La tesis ante todo solo pretende ser un ensayo metodológico de cálculo, el cual pueda ser aplicado posteriormente cuando se pueda disponer de información mas adecuada y completa sobre la situación real de las compañías en el Ecuador

Construir una alternativa comercial de venta bajo catálogo para ropa interior

El presente trabajo está encaminado a crear una alternativa comercial de venta bajo catálogo de ropa interior; para el que se definirán parámetros que serán útiles en su implantación, los mismos que permitirán que los productos comercializados bajo esta modalidad, sean percibidos por los clientes de manera diferente y favorable. Previo definir dichos parámetros, se realizo un análisis de las necesidades del mercado, para determinar cuales podrían ser los productos que se comercializarían, enfocados a un grupo de compradores específicos y que además se diferencien de los competidores inmediatos, asegurando con ello una ventaja competitiva defendible. Para establecer cuales serían las estrategias que podrían ser utilizadas en la penetración del mercado, se determino cuales son los competidores mas próximos, se analizo sus puntos fuertes y débiles, además se infirieron en las estrategias de mercado utilizadas por estas empresas; basados en esto y previo un análisis PODA de La Comercializadora, se formulo once estrategias que proporcionaran en su momento una guía en el accionar en situaciones diferentes. En cuanto al estudio económico y financiero arroga los siguientes datos en variables como el VAN 87 .931.62, TIR 57.62 % considerando una tasa de descuento del 18%, lo que indica su factibilidad para su posterior ejecución. Al considerar las características que presenta la venta directa se deberán tomar en cuenta ciertos aspectos para la implantación adecuada, en este canal de distribución.

Infra-estrutura para avaliação e testes de protocolos sociais de comunicação em ambientes tridimencionais compartilhados

The advent of the Internet stimulated the appearance of several services. An example is the communication ones present in the users day-by-day. Services as chat and e-mail reach an increasing number of users. This fact is turning the Net a powerful communication medium. The following work explores the use of communication conventional services into the Net infrastructure. We introduce the concept of communication social protocols applied to a shared virtual environment. We argue that communication tools have to be adapted to the Internet potentialities. To do that, we approach some theories of the Communication area and its applicability in a virtual environment context. We define multi-agent architecture to support the offer of these services, as well as, a software and hardware platform to support the accomplishment of experiments using Mixed Reality. Finally, we present the obtained results, experiments and products

Proposta de um sistema de segurança eletrônica predial

This work presents a suggestion of a security system of land automation having as objective main the creation of a system capable from easy method, supervise the installations of a building with the goal to preserver security personal and patrimonial necessities, aim at portability low cost and use easiness. Was designed an alarms central and access controller that has digital and analogical inputs for sensors and outputs for buzzer, telephonic dialing and electronic lock. The system is supervised by software that makes solicitations of information to the alarms central through the one computer's serial port (RS-232). The supervisory software was developed in platform LabVIEW with displays the received data on a graphical interface informing the sensors' current states distributed in the building and system events as alarns occurrences. This system also can be viewed through the Internet for people registered by the land security's system administrator

Avaliação clínica e microbiológica da mucosa oral de crianças com leucemia linfoblástica aguda, submetidas à ação profilática do gluconato de clorexidina A 0,12%

Regarding the morbidity potential of oral complications in patients with leukemia, it evaluated the clínical and microbiologic changes of oral mucosal in children with LLA, with age range of O to 15 years old, undergone the chemotherapy antineoplastic and for the use prophylactic of chlorhexidine gluconate 0,12% during ten days, that was utilized in each chemotherapy treatment stage. The collect for rnicrobiological study was obtained preferentiality in intensification stage at the end prophylatic treatment. The study grouup had 20 children, where it observed clinically decrease in frequency of mucositis, with 8 cases (40%) only. In microbiological examination observed one reduced incidence of pathogenic microorganisms with Staphylococcus coagulase- negative (40%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%), Escherichia coZi enteropathogenic (15%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5%) e Candida albicans (35%). The findings obtained in the present trial suggest that the use of chlorhexidine gluconate 0,12% can be responsible for incidence reduced of mucositis, but it wasn t possible to make correlation between isolated pathogenic microorganisms and mucositis development

Os acidentes de trabalho e os valores humanos em operadores de uma fábrica de calçados

The study present analyzes the relation between work accident and human values. It was developed with the sample of 156 operators of a factory, through to an application of structured questionnaires. The data were submitted to quantitative analyses (for example, analyses of frequency distributions, Chi-Square, test t). It was verified that 27 employees that filled out the questionnaires suffered work accidents. The results evidence that there aren´t significant differences between the people s values that suffered work accidents and those that did not suffer. The employees presented a hierarchy of different values comparing with the others Brazilian studies. It was observed that the work accidents varies for organizational sectors. So, we get the conclusion, the occurrence of the work accidents is not associated to the values, but they are probably associated to work conditions

Humanização hospitalar, ambiente físico e relações assistenciais :a percepção de arquitetos especialistas

The creation of the Humanization Program of Hospital Care and the increasing number of academic works and journal articles that discuss more humane practices in the health care services express the emphasis given to the theme in Brazil. In these discussions, however, it is not usual to find reference to architecture as a relevant factor in the humanization of hospitals, even though it is known that the physical structure of the building may help the recovering of the patients; elements such as gardens, the use of colors and open spaces may soften the impact caused by the hospital routine on patients. Considering the contribution the architectural project may bring to the humanization of hospitals, the aim of this study was to verify how the architects perceive the hospital humanization process. Besides having searched for subsides in informal interviews with health professionals, in visits to hospitals and in related seminars, the study was based on semi-structured interviews with architects of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, who are specialists in this kind of projects. The content analysis of the interviews showed that physical space and attendance are essential to the humanization process. Those professionals see two humanization tendencies: while private hospitals have the structural physical appearance considered as humanized, public hospitals emphasize the humanization in attendance, fact that illustrates the contradictions in Brazilian health system. The interviewees consider the post-occupancy evaluation of the building as a learning exercise that contributes to new projects, but surprisingly they do not mention the patients opinion as part of it. Two annoying facts have emerged from the interviews, as also seen in preliminary stages of the study: rare are the works that focus on the person-environment relationship, and the definition of humanized hospital environments is still broad and inaccurate. This suggests the need of new studies in order to better understand how the two factors shown in this study attendance and physical space interact towards a true hospital humanization

Encapsulamento do cromo proveniente do lodo de curtume, em matrizes de cimento, visando a resistência mecânica à compressão e os limites de lixiviação e solubilização

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC