Impact of Nigerian Agricultural Cooperative and Rural Development Bank (NACRDB) loan to artisanal fishermen in Lake Kainji

This study was conducted to assess the impact of Nigerian Agricultural, Co-operative and Rural Development Bank Loan on beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries fishermen in Lake Kainji. A total of fifty fishermen (25 beneficiaries and 25 non-beneficiaries) were randomly selected from five fishing villages along the lake basin. Data collected were scored and the percentages of the parameters were calculated appropriately. The types of loans disbursed to beneficiaries revealed that 52% was cash and 48% was in kind. The credit package ranged between N5, 000 to N150, 000 only. Only 48% of the loans granted were paid while the rest remained unpaid. The results obtained from the membership of fishermen Cooperative showed that 64% of beneficiaries were members while 36% were non-members. Also 36% of non-beneficiaries were members while 64% were not. The Common fishing gears used by the two categories of fishermen include gillnets longline, castnet and driftnets. Sixty percent of beneficiaries and 8% of non-beneficiaries fishermen were using canoe with outboard engines while the rest used canoes with paddles. Beneficiaries earned a higher income (N1, 000 to N9, 000) daily than non-beneficiaries (N1, 000 to N6, 000) daily from sales of fish caught. Major contrainsts to increased catch and income identified include inadequate capital, non- availability of fishing inputs, stealing of fishing gears, lack of access to credit facilities and menace of stump and water hyacinth in the lake. Lastly, recommendation were made for the bank management, government and other lending institutions on how to improve the livelihood of the Artisanal fishermen by increasing the loan usually granted

Peru, agricultural cooperative federations development : project paper : proposal and recommendations for the review of the Development Loan Committee /

"Unclassified."

A general charter for trade associations. Correspondence between the attorney general and the secretary of commerce. Permissible activities of trade associations. Text of Supreme court decision condemning certain practices. Text of act legalizing agricultural cooperative marketing associations, together with a treatise on the application of these pronouncements.

Mode of access: Internet.

Measuring the effect of agricultural cooperatives on household income using PSM-DID : a case study of a rice-producing cooperative in China

Agricultural cooperatives in China, known as Farmers' Professional Cooperatives (FPCs), are becoming popular and have been intensely promoted by the Chinese government to improve the economic welfare of small farmers. However, very few studies on Chinese agricultural cooperatives have measured the benefits to farmers who participate in FPCs after controlling for time-invariant attributes of farmers. This paper investigates the treatment effect of participation in a rice-producing cooperative in suburban China using propensity score matching (PSM) and difference-in-differences (DID) method. Estimated results show that no significant difference is observed between participants and non-participants of the cooperative in terms of net income from rice production when controlling for the difference in farmers' rice incomes before the treatment. In addition, there is no significant heterogeneity of the treatment effects between large and small farmers, although the probability of participation in the cooperative is significantly higher when the size of cultivated rice farmland is greater. These results indicate that the benefits of the cooperative appear to be overestimated considering the vigorous policy supports for FPCs from the Chinese government.

Cooperative marketing makes steady growth. Agricultural marketing act helps farmers in developing local, regional and national producer owned and controlled organizations.

"Cooperative marketing publications": p. 62.

Farm credit in underdeveloped areas; a summary report of the International Conference on Agricultural and Cooperative Credit.

Bibliographical footnotes.

Participation in farmer's cooperatives and its effects on agricultural incomes : evidence from vegetable-producing areas in China

Chinese agricultural cooperatives, called Farmer's Professional Cooperatives (FPCs), are expected to become a major tool to facilitate agro-industrialization for small farmers through the diffusion of new technologies, the supply of high-quality agricultural inputs and the marketing of their products. This study compares FPC participants with vegetable-producing non-participants and grain farmers in vegetable-producing areas in rural China to investigate the treatment effect of participation in FPCs as well as implementation of vegetable cultivation. I adopt parametric and nonparametric approaches to precisely estimate the treatment effects. Estimated results indicate no significant difference between participants and non-participants of FPCs on agricultural net income in both parametric and non-parametric estimations. In contrast, the comparison between vegetable and grain farmers using propensity score matching (PSM) reveals that the treatment effect of vegetable cultivation is significantly positive for total and agricultural incomes, although vegetable cultivation involves more labor-intensive efforts. These results indicate that it is the implementation of vegetable cultivation rather than the participation in an FPC that enhances the economic welfare of farmers, due to the non-excludability of FPCs' services as well as the risks involved in vegetable cultivation.

The landschaft; cooperative rural credit.

Mode of access: Internet.

Agricultural credit and cooperation in Germany. Report to the British Board of Agriculture and Fisheries of an inquiry into agricultural credit and agricultural cooperation in Germany with some notes on German livestock insurance by J.R. Cahill.

English ed. pub. as Papers by command, Cd. 6626.

Authorizing association of producers of agricultural products. Hearings, Sixty-seventh Congress, first session. H.R. 2373.

Mode of access: Internet.

Factors influencing the success of animal husbandry cooperatives: A case study in Southwest Iran

This survey study aimed at identifying the factors influencing the success of animal husbandry cooperatives in Southwest Iran. Using a questionnaire, the data were collected from 95 managing directors of the cooperatives who were chosen through a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. This study showed an essential need for a systemic framework to analyze the cooperatives’ success. The results showed that the “Honey Bee”, “Cattle (dairy)”, and “Lamb” cooperatives were the most successful among different kinds of the cooperatives. Also, among individual attributes, “interest”, “technical knowledge”, and “understanding the concept of cooperative”; among economic variables, “income” and “current investment”; and among external factors, “market access” have significant correlation with the success while structural variables have no significant relation. Furthermore, among all the factors, four variables (“interest”, “understanding the concept of cooperative”, “market access”, and “other incomes”) can explain the variations of the success.

Sustainability of Small Scale Farming in a Mountain Region: Case Study of the Khaling Rai Population of the Solukhumbu, Nepal

The Khaling Rai live in a remote area of the mountain region of Nepal. Subsistence farming is central to their livelihood strategy, the sustainability of which was examined in this study. The sustainable livelihood approach was identified as a suitable theoretical framework to analyse the assets of the Khaling Rai. A baseline study was conducted using indicators to assess the outcome of the livelihood strategies under the three pillars of sustainability – economic, social and environmental. Relationships between key factors were analysed. The outcome showed that farming fulfils their basic need of food security, with self-sufficiency in terms of seeds, organic fertilisers and tools. Agriculture is almost totally non-monitized: crops are grown mainly for household consumption. However, the crux faced by the Khaling Rai community is the need to develop high value cash crops in order to improve their livelihoods while at the same time maintaining food security. Institutional support in this regard was found to be lacking. At the same time there is declining soil fertility and an expanding population, which results in smaller land holdings. The capacity to absorb risk is inhibited by the small size of the resource base and access only to small local markets. A two-pronged approach is recommended. Firstly, the formation of agricultural cooperative associations in the area. Secondly, through them the selection of key personnel to be put forward for training in the adoption of improved low-cost technologies for staple crops and in the introduction of appropriate new cash crops.

A retórica do campo: um estudo sobre a comunicação nas cooperativas de café

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A práxis dos trabalhadores da Cooperativa Agrícola Resistência Tocantina em Cametá/PA

O presente trabalho teve como objeto de estudo a práxis dos trabalhadores da Cooperativa Agrícola Resistência Tocantina/CART. Dessa forma, buscou-se responder as seguintes questões: de que forma a cooperativa, como realidade objetiva, apresenta-se ao trabalhador como elemento da contradição, ou seja, como a objetividade criada pelos trabalhadores forja a práxis dos trabalhadores? De que forma a objetividade criada se relaciona com a estrutura econômica e superestrutura política e ideológica? E como essa relação reflete na práxis do trabalhador organizado na CART? Com isso, objetivou-se analisar a dinâmica da formação social do trabalhador, tomando por base a categoria da práxis. A metodologia ocorreu a partir da revisão bibliográfica e entrevista semi-estruturada, tendo como método de análise o materialismo histórico-dialético. A pesquisa chegou às seguintes conclusões: A práxis dos trabalhadores no interior da cooperativa forja-se a partir das diversas situações vividas pelo coletivo, seja de natureza econômica, política, técnica, ou científica; Os interesses externos (do capital) se materializam na CART pelo condicionamento da formação empreendida pelas ONGs, as quais fornecem uma formação restrita ao processo produtivo (assistência técnica e comercial); Ocorre também pelo condicionamento do planejamento anual da CART que obedece às exigências das parceiras comerciais (qualidade e quantidade e o tipo de produto que irá fornecer). Esse fato contribui para o desenvolvimento e reprodução da práxis utilitária, a qual se caracteriza por não proporcionar ao homem a compreensão das coisas e da realidade. No entanto, a práxis utilitária, no percurso histórico, produz objetivamente a sua contradição. Isso, porque, ela não se constitui simplesmente como um saber prático, mas se sustenta pela realização concreta; o que a torna elemento das relações econômicas e sociais. Assim, ela oportuniza ao trabalhador/associado um “novo” movimento dialético. Possibilitando, pela atividade cognoscitiva do sujeito, a apreensão da contradição a partir dessa realidade concreta; o que poderá refletir na qualidade da elaboração, ainda que no plano ideal, da atividade teleológica, caracterizada pela exigência prática. Esse processo denomina-se como: a dialética da práxis.

Cooperativa Agrícola Santo Antônio: uma ação coletiva bem sucedida no Município de Marituba-PA

Esta pesquisa trata de um estudo de caso realizado na Cooperativa Agrícola Santo Antônio (COOPSANT) no Município de Marituba-PA. A cooperativa é uma referência no Estado do Pará e a nível nacional como empreendimento coletivo no ramo da produção da alface hidropônica, plantas ornamentais e hortaliças orgânicas. O objetivo da pesquisa é estudar o processo de autogestão da cooperativa. Para isso, utilizaram-se as abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas baseadas em entrevistas informais e semi-estruturadas (aplicação de questionário) com os cooperados, bem como observação in loco. O trabalho enfoca, principalmente, a abordagem teórica da Escola Francesa de Sociologia das Organizações de Crozier e Friedberg que trata de temas como poder, organização e autogestão. Conclui-se que mesmo enfrentando problemas, como conflitos, dificuldades de mobilizar a cooperação, dentre outros, os sócios contribuem para a gestão da organização. A COOPSANT tem uma autogestão equilibrada com a participação ativa de seus sócios, mas destaca-se o papel predominante do presidente na condução dos processos decisórios na assembleia geral, coordenação das ações e criação e modificação das regras de funcionamento da cooperativa. O poder pode ser considerado uma força estruturante na organização. A pesquisa identifica, além do presidente, outras pessoas estratégicas na cooperativa. A família participa de forma ativa no trabalho individual e coletivo, assim, fortalecendo o caráter familiar do empreendimento associativo. Por isto os cooperados, mesmo os que não têm familiares envolvidos, dizem que a cooperativa é um empreendimento familiar. Os cooperados se identificam, tanto como agricultor, quanto como cooperado. A identidade dos membros cria um vínculo entre eles e a organização a qual pertencem.