Constru����o de modelos de intera����o in silico e in vitro do inibidor do tipo Kunitz de Adenanthera pavonina L. para as enzimas ciste��nicas e ser��nicas

Serines proteinases inhibitors (PIs) are widely distributed in nature and are able to inhibit both in vitro and in vivo enzymatic activites. Seed PIs in than leguminous are classified in seven families, Bowman-Birk and Kunitz type families that most studied representing an important role in the first line of defense toward insects pests. Some Kunitz type inhibitors possess activities serine and cysteine for proteinases named bifunctional inhibitor, as ApTKI the inhibitor isolate from seed of Adenanthera pavonina. The A. pavonina inhibitor presenting the uncommon property and was used for interaction studies between proteinases serine (trypsin) and cysteine (papain). In order to determinate the in vitro interaction of ApTKI against enzymes inhibitor purification was carried cut by using chromatographic techniques and inhibition assays. The 3D model of the bifunctional inhibitor ApTKI was constructed SWISS-MODEL program by homology modeling using soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI, pdb:1ba7), as template which presented 40% of identity to A. pavonina inhibitor. Model quality was evaluated by PROCHECK program. Moreover in silico analyzes of formed complex between the enzymes and ApTKI was evaluated by HEX 4.5 program. In vitro results confirmed the inhibitory assays, where the inhibitor presented the ability to simultaneously inhibit trypsin and papain. The residues encountered in the inhibitor model of folder structural three-dimensional that make contact to enzymes target coud explain the specificity pattern against serine and cysteine proteinases

Caracteriza����o f��sico-qu��mica de galactomananas de Adenanthera pavonina (Carolina) e Delonix regia (Flamboyant) reticuladas com trimetafosfato de s��dio

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Isothermal seed germination of Adenanthera pavonina

(Isothermal seed germination of Adenanthera pavonina). This work reports aspects of seed germination at different temperatures of Adenanthera pavonina L., a woody Southeast Asian Leguminosae. Germination was studied by measuring the final percentages, the rate, the rate variance and the synchronisation of the individual seeds calculated by the minimal informational entropy of frequencies distribution of seed germination. Overlapping the germinability range with the range for the highest values of germination rates and the minimal informational entropy of frequencies distribution of seed germination, we found that the best temperature for the germination of A. pavonina seeds is 35 degrees C. The slope mu of the Arrhenius plot of the germination rates is positive for T < 35 degrees C and negative for T > 35 degrees C. The activation enthalpies, estimated from closely-spaced points, shows that vertical bar Delta H-vertical bar < 12 Cal mol(-1) occur for temperatures in the range between 25 degrees C and 40 degrees C. The ecological implication of these results are that this species may germinate very fast in tropical areas during the summer season. This may be an advantage to the establishment of this species under the climatic conditions in those areas.

Evaluation of the Adenanthera pavonina seed proteinase inhibitor (ApTI) as a bioinsecticidal tool with potential for the control of Diatraea saccharalis

Diatraea saccharalis, is a major sugarcane pest, causing damage to the stalks of sugarcane plants. In this study, a trypsin inhibitor (ApTI) was purified from Adenanthera pavonina seeds and was tested for its insect growth regulatory effect. ApTI showed a dose-dependent effect on average larval weight and survival. 0.1% ApTI produced approximately 67% and 50% decreases in weight and survival larval, respectively. The results from dietary utilization experiments with D. saccharalis larvae showed a reduction in the efficiency of conversion of ingested food and digested food, and an increase in approximate digestibility and metabolic cost. The level of trypsin was significantly decreased (ca. 55%) in the midgut of larvae reared on a diet containing 0.05% ApTI and the trypsin activity in ApTI-fed larvae demonstrated sensitivity to ApTI. The action of ApTI on the development of D. saccharalis larvae shows that this protein may have great toxic potential. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Isothermal seed germination of Adenanthera pavonina

This work reports aspects of seed germination at different temperatures of Adenanthera pavonina L., a woody Southeast Asian Leguminosae. Germination was studied by measuring the final percentages, the rate, the rate variance and the synchronisation of the individual seeds calculated by the minimal informational entropy of frequencies distribution of seed germination. Overlapping the germinability range with the range for the highest values of germination rates and the minimal informational entropy of frequencies distribution of seed germination, we found that the best temperature for the germination of A. pavonina seeds is 35 ��C. The slope �� of the Arrhenius plot of the germination rates is positive for T < 35 ��C and negative for T &gt; 35 ��C. The activation enthalpies, estimated from closely-spaced points, shows that |&#916;H-| < 12 Cal mol-1 occur for temperatures in the range between 25 ��C and 40 ��C. The ecological implication of these results are that this species may germinate very fast in tropical areas during the summer season. This may be an advantage to the establishment of this species under the climatic conditions in those areas.

Constru����o de modelos de intera����o in silico e in vitro do inibidor do tipo Kunitz de Adenanthera pavonina L. para as enzimas ciste��nicas e ser��nicas

Serines proteinases inhibitors (PIs) are widely distributed in nature and are able to inhibit both in vitro and in vivo enzymatic activites. Seed PIs in than leguminous are classified in seven families, Bowman-Birk and Kunitz type families that most studied representing an important role in the first line of defense toward insects pests. Some Kunitz type inhibitors possess activities serine and cysteine for proteinases named bifunctional inhibitor, as ApTKI the inhibitor isolate from seed of Adenanthera pavonina. The A. pavonina inhibitor presenting the uncommon property and was used for interaction studies between proteinases serine (trypsin) and cysteine (papain). In order to determinate the in vitro interaction of ApTKI against enzymes inhibitor purification was carried cut by using chromatographic techniques and inhibition assays. The 3D model of the bifunctional inhibitor ApTKI was constructed SWISS-MODEL program by homology modeling using soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI, pdb:1ba7), as template which presented 40% of identity to A. pavonina inhibitor. Model quality was evaluated by PROCHECK program. Moreover in silico analyzes of formed complex between the enzymes and ApTKI was evaluated by HEX 4.5 program. In vitro results confirmed the inhibitory assays, where the inhibitor presented the ability to simultaneously inhibit trypsin and papain. The residues encountered in the inhibitor model of folder structural three-dimensional that make contact to enzymes target coud explain the specificity pattern against serine and cysteine proteinases

Identification, estimation and preparation of fatty acids by circular paper chromatography

A comparatively simple and rapid method for the identification, estimation and preparation of fatty acids has been developed, using reversed phase circular paper chromatography. The method is also suitable for the analysis of ���Critical Pairs��� of fatty acids and for the preparation of fatty acids. Further, when used at a higher temperature, the method is more sensitive in revealing the presence of even traces of higher fatty acids in the seeds of Adenanthera pavonina.

Comparative analysis by protocol and key of seed storage behaviour of sixty Vietnamese tree species

Seed storage behaviour of 5 1 native and 9 introduced tree species in Vietnam was investigated using a brief protocol developed to aid biodiversity conservation in circumstances where little is known about the seeds. Of the 60 species, 34 appeared to show orthodox (Acacia auriculaeformis, Adenanthera pavonina, Afzelia xylocarpa, Bauhinia purpurea, Callistemon lanceolatus, Cananga odorata, Canarium nigrum, Cassia fistula, Cassia javanica, Cassia splendida, Chukrasia tabularis, Dalbergia bariaensis, Dialium cochinchinensis, Diospyros mollis, Diospyros mun, Dracuntomelon duperreanum, Erythrophleum fordii, Khaya senegalensis, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Leucaena leucocephala, Livistona cochinchinensis, Markhamia stipulata, Melaleuca cajuputi, Millettia ichthyotona, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Peltophorum tonkinensis, Pinus khasya, Pinus massoniana, Pinus merkusii, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Sindora siamensis, Sophora tonkinense, Sterculia foetida, Swietenia macrophylla), 13 recalcitrant (Avicennia alba, Beilschmiedia roxburghiana, Caryota mitis, Dimocarpus sp., Diospyros malabarica, Dipterocarpus chartaceus, Dypsis pinnatifrons, Hopea odorata, Lithocarpus gigantophylla, Machilus odoratissimus, Melanorrhoea laccifera, Melanorrhea usitata, Syzygium cinereum) and 13 intermediate (Anisoptera cochinchinensis, Aphanamixis polystachya, Averrhoa carambola, Carissa carandas, Chrysopylum cainito, Cinnamomum camphora, Citrofortunella microcarpa, Citrus grandis var. grandis, Elaeis guineensis, Hydnocarpus anthelmintica, Madhuca floribunda, Manilkara achras, Mimusops elengi) seed storage behaviour. A double-criteria key to estimate likely seed storage behaviour showed good agreement with the above: the key can reduce the workload of seed storage behaviour identification considerably.

Isolation of a lectin and a galactoxyloglucan from Mucuna sloanei seeds

A lectin and a galactoxyloglucan were characterized from Mucuna sloanei seed cotyledons. The galactoxyloglucan, isolated by water extraction and ethanol precipitation, had Glc:Xyl:Gal proportions in a molar ratio of 1.8:1.7:1.0 and a molar mass (M(w)) of 1.6 x 10(6) g mol(-1). The lectin (sloanin), isolated from the same seed by affinity chromatography on cross-linked Adenanthera pavonina galactomannan, gave two protein bands by SDS-PAGE (36 and 34 kDa) and one peak by gel filtration (63.6 kDa). Its N-terminal sequence indicated similar to 69% identity with soybean agglutinin to leguminous lectins. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra established that sloanin predominantly contains beta-sheet structures. Sloanin has similar to 5.5% carbohydrate and displayed hemagglutinating activity against rabbit and enzyme treated human erythrocytes, inhibited only by D-Gal containing sugars. The interaction between sloanin and storage cell-wall galactoxyloglucan was tested by affinity chromatography and fluorescence spectroscopy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Armazenamento de sementes de carolina em diferentes temperaturas e embalagens

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a embalagem e a temperatura adequadas para o armazenamento de sementes de carolina. As sementes foram armazenadas em sacos de papel e de pl��stico, mantidas em 0��2; 10��2; 20��2��C e 60 5% de umidade relativa do ar (UR) e em temperatura ambiente (23,4��3,3��C) e 68,7��9%UR. O teor de ��gua, a germina����o e o vigor foram determinados trimestralmente. Durante o armazenamento, o teor de ��gua das sementes foi de aproximadamente 8,9%. A embalagem saco de pl��stico e a temperatura de 0��C s��o adequadas para o armazenamento das sementes de carolina.

Estudo da utiliza����o de pol��meros naturais como auxiliares de flocula����o no tratamento de ��gua para fins industriais

Este trabalho consiste em avaliar a efici��ncia de novas alternativas de uso com as esp��cies naturais do quiabo (Abelmoschus esculentus), da semente de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speng) e da semente de olho-de-drag��o (Adenanthera pavonina L.) conhecido tamb��m como falso angico, pulverizados com granulometria de 0,074 mm, para tratamento de ��gua como pol��meros naturais auxiliar de flocula����o na remo����o principalmente dos par��metros turbidez e cor para fins industriais, atrav��s de tratamento em ensaio no mecanismo de varredura utilizando o equipamento est��tico de bancada Jar Test com adi����o de coagulante qu��mico (sulfato de alum��nio). O p�� dos pol��meros foi obtido ap��s higieniza����o, secagem, tritura����o, moagem, peneiramento, e utilizado no processo de coagula����o, flocula����o e sedimenta����o para testar a efici��ncia de cada um, quando usado s�� e quando usado em conjunto com o coagulante qu��mico, seguido da an��lise dos par��metros f��sico-qu��micos pH, turbidez, cor aparente, cor verdadeira e temperatura. Os resultados mostraram que o pol��mero do quiabo apresentou melhor efici��ncia na remo����o da turbidez e cor em rela����o ��s mesmas dosagens usadas com os demais pol��meros analisados e quando se fez a redu����o da dosagem do coagulante usado em conjunto com os pol��meros, observou uma ��tima remo����o da turbidez, principalmente com o conjunto coagulante e pol��mero de quiabo, com a efici��ncia de remo����o de 94% da turbidez e de 98% da cor com dosagem ��tima do quiabo igual a 1,0 mg/L e do coagulante de 10 mg/L. Portanto �� poss��vel fazer uma redu����o da dosagem do coagulante quando usado em conjunto com o auxiliar de flocula����o, pois o pol��mero de quiabo pode ser usado para tratamento de ��gua e frente �� possibilidade de m��ltiplos usos econ��micos e ecol��gicos na ind��stria.

An��lise da varia����o morfol��gica de Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) e Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

A subfam��lia Dipsadinae engloba 22 g��neros da fauna de colubr��deos neotropicais e 24 outros considerados incertae sedis, mas com caracteres comuns aos dipsad��neos. Os g��neros Dipsas, Sibon, Sibynomorphus e Tropidodipsas formalmente comp��em a tribo Dipsadini a qual �� considerado um grupo monofil��tico bem fundamentado. A tribo �� caracterizada por serpentes que apresentam um alto grau de especializa����o morfol��gica, relacionado ao modo de alimenta����o e adapta����es ao h��bitat em que vivem. O g��nero Dipsas inclui aproximadamente 32 esp��cies, distribu��das do M��xico at�� a Am��rica do Sul, �� constitu��do por serpentes de corpo delgado e alongado, com cabe��a curta e proeminente, olhos grandes, pupilas verticais e aus��ncia de sulco mentoniano. As esp��cies s��o notavelmente vari��veis na colora����o, n��mero de escamas e outros caracteres morfol��gicos. Essa extrema varia����o tem dificultado a defini����o dos limites entre as esp��cies e a interpreta����o de padr��es de varia����o geogr��fica. A grande varia����o morfol��gica dos caracteres presentes nas esp��cies D. catesbyi e D. pavonina, associada �� dificuldade de identifica����o dos t��xons e �� escassez de informa����es sobre as suas distribui����es geogr��ficas, justificam a necessidade de uma an��lise mais detalhada destas esp��cies. Para tal, o presente estudo foi dividido em dois cap��tulos. O primeiro cap��tulo corresponde �� an��lise da varia����o individual, sexual e geogr��fica de D. catesbyi e D. pavonina, e a compara����o dos caracteres morfol��gicos entre as duas esp��cies. O segundo corresponde �� an��lise da macroestrutura das gl��ndulas cef��licas nestas duas esp��cies, relacionando-as com outros t��xons de Dipsadinae.

Diversifica����o cariot��pica em cinco esp��cies de mor��ias do Atl��ntico Ocidental (Anguilliformes)

The Anguiliformes is constituted by 15 families, 141 sorts and 737 species. In this group eight families possess at least one karyotyped species, where a prevalence of karyotypes with 2n=38 is evidenced chromosomes and high NF, apparently basal for the Anguiliformes. The only family who shows a different karyotypic pattern from the others is the Muraenidae family. In this, of the eight species already described, all of them present 2n=42 chromosomes. Despite the dimension of this Order, few species present karyotypics descriptions. In the present work, a species of Ophichthidae, Myrichthys ocellatus (2n=38, 8m+14sm+10st+6a, NF=70) and three species of Muraenidae, Enchelycore nigricans (2n=42, 6m+8sm+12st+16a, NF=68), Gymnothorax miliaris (2n=42, 14m+18sm+10st, NF=84), Gymnothorax vicinus (2n=42, 8m+6sm+28a, NF=56) and Muraena pavonina (2n=42, 6m+4sm+32a, NF=52), collected in the coast of the Rio Grande do Norte state, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks and in the coast of Bahia state were analyzed. Mitotics chromosomes had been gotten through mitotic stimulation with yeasts. Among the analyzed species, it is observed the presence of characteristic large metacentric chromosomic pairs (&#8773;10��m). As for the structural standard, heterochromatics regions in these species in centromeric position of the majority of the chromosomic pairs and simple ribosomal sites had been evidenced. For the Ophichthidae family, the gotten data corroborate the hypothesis of karyotypic diversification mediated by the occurrence of pericentrics inversions and robertsonians rearrangements, while in the Muraenidae, the identification of larger chromosomic values (2n=42), suggests derived karyotypes, possibly caused by possible chromosomic fissions