Energy generation and consumption in Ghana

Electricity consumption in Ghana is estimated to be increasing by 10% per annum due to the demand from the growing population. However, current sources of production (hydro and thermal facilities) generate only 66% of the current demand. Considering current trends, it is difficult to substantiate these basic facts, because of the lack of information. As a result, research into the existing sources of generating electricity, electricity consumption and prospective projects has been performed. This was achieved using three key techniques; review of literature, empirical studies and modelling. The results presented suggest that, current annual installed capacity of energy generation (i.e. 1960 MW) must be increased to 9,405.59 MW, assuming 85% plant availability. This is then capable to coop with the growing demand and it would give access to the entire population as well as support commercial and industrial activities for the growth of the economy. The prospect of performing this research is with the expectation to present an academic research agenda for further exploration into the subject area, without which the growth of the country would be stagnant.

Energy overview of Botswana: generation and consumption

Botswana has a basic need to explore its energy concept, this being its energy sources, generation and percentage of the population with access to electricity. At present, Botswana generates electricity from coal, which supplies about 29% (on average) of the country’s demand. The other 71% is imported mainly from South Africa (Eskom). Consequently, the dependence of Botswana on imports posses threats to the security of its energy supply. As a result, there is the need to understand the bases for a possible generation expansion that would substantiate existing documentation. In view of this need, this study investigates the existing energy sources as well as energy consumption and production levels in Botswana. The study would be further developed by making projections of the energy demand up until the year 2020. The key techniques that were used include; literature review, questionnaire survey and an empirical study. The results presented indicated that, current dependable operation capacity (i.e. 100MW) should be increased to 2,595 MW or more assuming 85% plant efficiency. This would then be able to meet the growing demand for energy use. In addition, the installed capacity would be able to support commercial and mining activities for the growth of the economy.

Historical summary of the corn laws : containing the substance of the statutes passed from the year 1660, for regulating the importation and consumption of foreign, and the exportation of British, corn : with notes and an appendix of statements, illustrative of the operation of the several statutes /

Mode of access: Internet.

Coffee, from plantation to cup : a brief history of coffee production and consumption : with an appendix conntaining letters written during a trip to the coffee plantations of the East and through the coffee consuming countries of Europe /

Mode of access: Internet.

The Cooperative principle not opposed to a true political economy; or, Remarks on some recent publications on subjects relative to the intercomunion of labour, capital and consumption.

Includes appendix.

First and second reports from the committees of the House of lords, appointed to inquire into the state of the growth, commerce, and consumption of grain, and all laws relating thereto: to which were referred the several petitions presented to the House in the session of 1813-14, respecting the corn laws.

Mode of access: Internet.

Charts & tables: production and consumption of manufactured dairy products, changes in seasonal variation of butter production, cost of manufacture and distribution of butter and cheese.

Cover title.