Aballay : Fuera del espacio y en el umbral del canon

Anacoresis y anacronismo son dos operaciones complementarias que le permiten al personaje de Aballay retirarse del espacio y dislocar el tiempo, para formar parte de una comunidad de los ausentes. Del mismo modo, Di Benedetto se ubica en el umbral del canon, para construir una biblioteca propia que se articula como una tradición a la manera de Raymond Williams. Así, la anacoresis del estilita Aballay, como forma de ausentarse in situ, provee un modelo del tipo de intervención que Di Benedetto practica sobre el canon. A partir de este marco, el trabajo propone una lectura comparativa del cuento de Di Benedetto y la trasposición cinematográfica de Spiner, para indagar las modulaciones que asumen las mencionadas problemáticas en el pasaje de un soporte a otro y, específicamente, en esa particular configuración genérica que constituye la tradición, pequeña pero influyente, del western gauchesco

Aballay : Fuera del espacio y en el umbral del canon

Anacoresis y anacronismo son dos operaciones complementarias que le permiten al personaje de Aballay retirarse del espacio y dislocar el tiempo, para formar parte de una comunidad de los ausentes. Del mismo modo, Di Benedetto se ubica en el umbral del canon, para construir una biblioteca propia que se articula como una tradición a la manera de Raymond Williams. Así, la anacoresis del estilita Aballay, como forma de ausentarse in situ, provee un modelo del tipo de intervención que Di Benedetto practica sobre el canon. A partir de este marco, el trabajo propone una lectura comparativa del cuento de Di Benedetto y la trasposición cinematográfica de Spiner, para indagar las modulaciones que asumen las mencionadas problemáticas en el pasaje de un soporte a otro y, específicamente, en esa particular configuración genérica que constituye la tradición, pequeña pero influyente, del western gauchesco

Aballay : Fuera del espacio y en el umbral del canon

Anacoresis y anacronismo son dos operaciones complementarias que le permiten al personaje de Aballay retirarse del espacio y dislocar el tiempo, para formar parte de una comunidad de los ausentes. Del mismo modo, Di Benedetto se ubica en el umbral del canon, para construir una biblioteca propia que se articula como una tradición a la manera de Raymond Williams. Así, la anacoresis del estilita Aballay, como forma de ausentarse in situ, provee un modelo del tipo de intervención que Di Benedetto practica sobre el canon. A partir de este marco, el trabajo propone una lectura comparativa del cuento de Di Benedetto y la trasposición cinematográfica de Spiner, para indagar las modulaciones que asumen las mencionadas problemáticas en el pasaje de un soporte a otro y, específicamente, en esa particular configuración genérica que constituye la tradición, pequeña pero influyente, del western gauchesco

Unfolded protein response genes regulated by CED-1 are required for Caenorhabditis elegans innate immunity.

The endoplasmic reticulum stress response, also known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), has been implicated in the normal physiology of immune defense and in several disorders, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Here, we show that the apoptotic receptor CED-1 and a network of PQN/ABU proteins involved in a noncanonical UPR response are required for proper defense to pathogen infection in Caenorhabditis elegans. A full-genome microarray analysis indicates that CED-1 functions to activate the expression of pqn/abu genes. We also show that ced-1 and pqn/abu genes are required for the survival of C. elegans exposed to live Salmonella enterica, and that overexpression of pqn/abu genes confers protection against pathogen-mediated killing. The results indicate that unfolded protein response genes, regulated in a CED-1-dependent manner, are involved in the C. elegans immune response to live bacteria.

High-throughput isolation and mapping of C. elegans mutants susceptible to pathogen infection.

We present a novel strategy that uses high-throughput methods of isolating and mapping C. elegans mutants susceptible to pathogen infection. We show that C. elegans mutants that exhibit an enhanced pathogen accumulation (epa) phenotype can be rapidly identified and isolated using a sorting system that allows automation of the analysis, sorting, and dispensing of C. elegans by measuring fluorescent bacteria inside the animals. Furthermore, we validate the use of Amplifluor as a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping technique in C. elegans. We show that a set of 9 SNPs allows the linkage of C. elegans mutants to a 5-8 megabase sub-chromosomal region.

C. elegans germline-deficient mutants respond to pathogen infection using shared and distinct mechanisms.

Reproduction extracts a cost in resources that organisms are then unable to utilize to deal with a multitude of environmental stressors. In the nematode C. elegans, development of the germline shortens the lifespan of the animal and increases its susceptibility to microbial pathogens. Prior studies have demonstrated germline-deficient nematodes to have increased resistance to gram negative bacteria. We show that germline-deficient strains display increased resistance across a broad range of pathogens including gram positive and gram negative bacteria, and the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Furthermore, we show that the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16, which regulates longevity and immunity in C. elegans, appears to be crucial for maintaining longevity in both wild-type and germline-deficient backgrounds. Our studies indicate that germline-deficient mutants glp-1 and glp-4 respond to pathogen infection using common and different mechanisms that involve the activation of DAF-16.

Recovery from an acute infection in C. elegans requires the GATA transcription factor ELT-2.

The mechanisms involved in the recognition of microbial pathogens and activation of the immune system have been extensively studied. However, the mechanisms involved in the recovery phase of an infection are incompletely characterized at both the cellular and physiological levels. Here, we establish a Caenorhabditis elegans-Salmonella enterica model of acute infection and antibiotic treatment for studying biological changes during the resolution phase of an infection. Using whole genome expression profiles of acutely infected animals, we found that genes that are markers of innate immunity are down-regulated upon recovery, while genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification, redox regulation, and cellular homeostasis are up-regulated. In silico analyses demonstrated that genes altered during recovery from infection were transcriptionally regulated by conserved transcription factors, including GATA/ELT-2, FOXO/DAF-16, and Nrf/SKN-1. Finally, we found that recovery from an acute bacterial infection is dependent on ELT-2 activity.

Modeling spatial distribution of cancer incidence in Cordoba, Argentina

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Argentina, and there is little knowledge about its incidence. The first study based on population-based cancer registry described spatial incidence and indicated that there existed at least county-level aggregation. The aim of the present work is to model the incidence patterns for the most incidence cancer in Córdoba Province, Argentina, using information from the Córdoba Cancer Registry by performing multilevel mixed model approach to deal with dependence and unobserved heterogeneity coming from the geo-reference cancer occurrence. Methods: Standardized incidence rates (world standard population) (SIR) by sex based on 5-year age groups were calculated for 109 districts nested on 26 counties for the most incidence cancers in Cordoba using 2004 database. A Poisson twolevel random effect model representing unobserved heterogeneity between first level-districts and second level-counties was fitted to assess the spatial distribution of the overall and site specific cancer incidence rates. Results: SIR cancer at Córdoba province shown an average of 263.53±138.34 and 200.45±98.30 for men and women, respectively. Considering the ratio site specific mean SIR to the total mean, breast cancer ratio was 0.25±0.19, prostate cancer ratio was 0.12±0.10 and lower values for lung and colon cancer for both sexes. The Poisson two-level random intercepts model fitted for SIR data distributed with overdispersion shown significant hierarchical structure for the cancer incidence distribution. Conclusions: a strong spatial-nested effect for the cancer incidence in Córdoba was observed and will help to begin the study of the factors associated with it.

Programmed cell death mediated by ced-3 and ced-4 protects Caenorhabditis elegans from Salmonella typhimurium-mediated killing

Programmed cell death (PCD) in mammals has been implicated in several disease states including cancer, autoimmune disease, and neurodegenerative disease. In Caenorhabditis elegans, PCD is a normal component of development. We find that Salmonella typhimurium colonization of the C. elegans intestine leads to an increased level of cell death in the worm gonad. S. typhimurium-mediated germ-line cell death is not observed in C. elegans ced-3 and ced-4 mutants in which developmentally regulated cell death is blocked, and ced-3 and ced-4 mutants are hypersensitive to S. typhimurium-mediated killing. These results suggest that PCD may be involved in the C. elegans defense response to pathogen attack.