Effect of Fill Time on the Performance of Pilot-scale ASBR and AnSBBR Applied to Sanitary Wastewater Treatment

Many lab-scale studies have been carried out regarding the effect of feed strategy on the performance of anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR); however, more detailed pilot-scale studies should be performed to assess the real applicability of this type of operation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the effect of feed strategy or fill time in a 1-m(3) mechanically stirred pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor, treating 0.65 m(3) sanitary wastewater in 8-h cycles at ambient temperature. Two reactor configurations were used: one containing granular biomass (denominated ASBR) and the other immobilized biomass on polyurethane foam as inert support (denominated anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR)). The reactors were operated under five distinct feed strategies, namely: typical batch and fed-batch for 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the cycle length. Stirring frequency in the ASBR was 40 rpm with two flat-blade turbine impellers and 80 rpm in the AnSBBR with two helix impellers. The results showed that both the ASBR and AnSBBR when operated under typical batch, fed-batch for 50% and 75% of the cycle length, presented improved organic matter removal efficiencies, without significant differences in performance, thus showing important operational flexibility. In addition, the reactors presented operation stability under all conditions.

Influence of feed time and sulfate load on the organic and sulfate removal in an ASBR

The removal of sulfate and organic matter was assessed in an ASBR, which treated wastewater containing 500 mg COD L(-1) (3 g COD L(-1) d(-1)) in 8 h-cycles at 30 degrees C. The wastewater was enriched with sulfate at [COD/SO(4)(2-]) ratios of 1.34, 0.67 and 0.34 (8.8,4.5 and 2.2 gSO(4)(2-) L(-1) d(-1)). For each COD/[SO(4)(2-)] ratio fill times used were: 10 min (batch), 3 and 6 h (fed-batch), achieving sulfate reduction of 30%, 72% and 72% (COD/[SO(4)(2-)] of 1.34); 25%, 58% and 55% (COD/[SO(4)(2-)] of 0.67) and 23%, 37% and 27% (COD/[SO(4)(2-)] of 0.34), respectively, and organic matter removal of 87%, 68% and 80% (COD/[SO(4)(2-)] of 1.34); 78%, 75% and 69% (COD/[SO(4)(2-)] of 0.67) and 85%, 84% and 83% (COD/[SO(4)(2-)] of 0.34), respectively. The results showed that fed-batch operation improved sulfate reduction, whereas organic matter removals were similar for batch and fed-batch operation. In addition, increase in sulfate loading in the fed-batch operation improved organic matter removal. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of impeller type and mechanical agitation on the mass transfer and power consumption aspects of ASBR operation treating synthetic wastewater

The effect of flow type and rotor speed was investigated in a round-bottom reactor with 5 L useful volume containing 2.0 L of granular biomass. The reactor treated 2.0 L of synthetic wastewater with a concentration of 800 mgCOD/L in 8-h cycles at 30 degrees C. Five impellers, commonly used in biological processes, have been employed to this end, namely: a turbine and a paddle impeller with six-vertical-flat-blades, a turbine and a paddle impeller with six-45 degrees-inclined-flat-blades and a three-blade-helix impeller. Results showed that altering impeller type and rotor speed did not significantly affect system stability and performance. Average organic matter removal efficiency was about 84% for filtered samples, total volatile acids concentration was below 20 mgHAc/L and bicarbonate alkalinity a little less than 400 mgCaCO(3)/L for most of the investigated conditions. However, analysis of the first-order kinetic model constants showed that alteration in rotor speed resulted in an increase in the values of the kinetic constants (for instance, from 0.57 h(-1) at 50 rpm to 0.84 h(-1) at 75 rpm when the paddle impeller with six-45 degrees-inclined-flat-blades was used) and that axial flow in mechanically stirred reactors is preferable over radial-flow when the vertical-flat-blade impeller is compared to the inclined-flat-blade impeller (for instance at 75 rpm, from 0.52 h(-1) with the six-flat-blade-paddle impeller to 0.84 h(-1) with the six-45 degrees-inclined-flat-blade-paddle impeller), demonstrating that there is a rotor speed and an impeller type that maximize solid-liquid mass transfer in the reaction medium. Furthermore, power consumption studies in this reduced reactor volume showed that no high power transfer is required to improve mass transfer (less than 0.6 kW/10(3) m(3)). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fluidized ASBR treating synthetic wastewater: Effect of recirculation velocity

An investigation has been performed on the effect of liquid phase recirculation velocity and increasing influent concentration on the stability and efficiency of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) containing granular biomass. The reactor treated 1.3 L synthetic wastewater at 30 degrees C in 6 h cycles. Initially the effect of recirculation velocity was investigated employing velocities of 5, 7 and 10 m/h and influent concentration of 500 mg COD/L. At these velocities, filtered sample organic matter removal efficiencies were 83, 85 and 84%, respectively. A first order kinetic model could also be fitted to the experimental organic matter concentration profiles. The kinetic parameter values of this model were 1.35, 2.36 and 1.00 h(-1) at the recirculation velocities of 5, 7 and 10 m/h, respectively. The recirculation velocity of 7 m/h was found to be the best operating strategy and this value was maintained while the influent concentration was altered in order to verify system efficiency and stability at increasing organic load. Influent concentration of 1000 mg COD/L resulted in filtered sample organic matter removal efficiency of 80%, and a first order kinetic parameter value of 1.14 h(-1), whereas the concentration of 1500 mg COD/L resulted in an efficiency of 82% and a kinetic parameter value of 1.31 h(-1). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tratamento de soro de queijo no ASBR: influência da estratégia de alimentação

Avaliou-se o desempenho do reator anaeróbio em batelada seqüencial com biomassa imobilizada (ASBBR) no tratamento de soro de queijo quanto submetido a diferentes estratégias de alimentação e cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COV). O reator operou com agitação mecânica através de impelidor do tipo hélice na rotação de 500 rpm. Um volume de 2 litros foi alimentado por ciclo com 1 litro de volume residual, totalizando 3 litros. O substrato utilizado foi soro de queijo desidratado reconstituído. Suplementou-se o sistema com NaHCO3 na razão de 50% NaHCO3/DQO. Foram testadas as seguintes COVs: 2, 4, 8 e 12 gDQO/l.d. Para ciclos de 8 horas e em cada COV, três estratégias de alimentação foram testadas: (a) operação em batelada com ciclo de 8 horas, (b) batelada alimentada de 2 horas (c) batelada alimentada de 4 horas. Na COV de 2 gDQO/l.d, a conversão de matéria orgânica como DQO em amostras filtradas foi de 92, 96 e 91% para as estratégias de alimentação (a), (b) e (c), respectivamente. Para a COV de 4 gDQO/l.d, o desempenho foi de 94, 97 e 93%, respectivamente. Para a COV de 8 gDQO/l.d houve redução nas eficiências de conversão a 83, 85 e 86%, respectivamente. O aumento da COV para 12 gDQO/l.d, resultou na redução em eficiências de 72, 73 e 81%, respectivamente. Os perfis durante os ciclos da concentração de ácidos voláteis totais mostraram que, apesar do aumento gradual com o tempo de enchimento aumentando, nenhuma diferença significativa foi detectada em termos dos seus valores máximos. Foi observada a redução de ácido propiônico como conseqüência do aumento do tempo de enchimento. Assim, para COV de 2 e 4 gDQO/l.d, a estratégia de alimentação (b) proporcionou maiores eficiências de conversão e estabilidade operacional, enquanto que este comportamento foi observado na estratégia de alimentação (c) para os valores de COV de 8 e 12 gDQO/l.d.

Effects of temperature at different organic loading levels on the performance of a fluidized-bed anaerobic sequencing batch bioreactor

An investigation was performed on the effect of temperature and organic load on the stability and efficiency of a 1.8-L fluidized-bed anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), containing granulated biomass. Assays were carried out employing superficial up How velocity of 7 m/h, total cycle length of 6 h and synthetic wastewater volume of 1.3 L per cycle. The fluidized-bed ASH was operated at 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C with influent organic matter concentrations of 500 and 1000 mgCOD/L The system showed stability under all conditions and presented filtered samples removal efficiency ranging from 79 to 86%. A first-order kinetic model could be fitted to the experimental values of the organic matter concentration profiles. The specific kinetic parameter values of this model ranged from 0.0435 to 0.2360 L/(gTVS h) at the implemented operation conditions. in addition, from the slope of an Arrhenius plot, the activation energy values were calculated to be 16,729 and 12,673 cal/mol for operation with 500 and 1000 mgCOD/L, respectively. These results show that treatment of synthetic wastewater. with concentration of 500 mgCOD/L, was more sensitive to temperature variations than treatment of the same residue with concentration of 1000 mgCOD/L. Comparing the activation energy value for operation at 500 mgCOD/L with the value obtained by Agibert et al. (S.A. Agibert, M.B. Moreira, S.M. Ratusznei, J.A.D. Rodrigues, M. Zaiat, E. Foresti. Influence of temperature on performance of an ASBBR with circulation applied to treatment of low-strength wastewater. journal of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 136 (2007) 193-206) in an ASBBR treating the same wastewater at the same concentration, the value obtained in the fluidized-bed ASBR showed to be superior, indicating that treatment of synthetic wastewater in a reactor containing granulated biomass was more sensitive to temperature variations than the treatment using immobilized biomass. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Degradation of detergent (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) in an anaerobic stirred sequencing-batch reactor containing granular biomass

This study aimed to determine the efficiency of an anaerobic stirred sequencing-batch reactor containing granular biomass for the degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), a surfactant present in household detergent. The bioreactor was monitored for LAS concentrations in the influent, effluent and sludge, pH, chemical oxygen demand, bicarbonate alkalinity, total solids, and volatile solids. The degradation of LAS was found to be higher in the absence of co-substrates (53%) than in their presence (24-37%). Using the polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR/DGGE), we identified populations of microorganisms from the Bacteria and Archaea domains. Among the bacteria, we identified uncultivated populations of Arcanobacterium spp. (94%) and Opitutus spp. (96%). Among the Archaea, we identified Methanospirillum spp. (90%), Methanosaeta spp. (98%), and Methanobacterium spp. (96%). The presence of methanogenic microorganisms shows that LAS did not inhibit anaerobic digestion. Sampling at the last stage of reactor operation recovered 61 clones belonging to the domain bacteria. These represented a variety of phyla: 34% shared significant homology with Bacteroidetes, 18% with Proteobacteria, 11% with Verrucomicrobia, 8% with Fibrobacteres, 2% with Acidobacteria, 3% with Chlorobi and Firmicutes, and 1% with Acidobacteres and Chloroflexi. A small fraction of the clones (13%) were not related to any phylum. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Reatores anaeróbios operados em batelada sequencial, seguidos de lagoas de polimento, para o tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura. Parte I: produção de metano e remoção de DQO e de sólidos suspensos

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o desempenho de dois reatores anaeróbios operados em batelada sequencial (ASBR), instalados em série, em escala-piloto (R1 e R2 com volumes de 280 L e 140 L, respectivamente), no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura com concentrações de sólidos suspensos totais (SST) em torno de 10.000 mg L-1. Para o pós-tratamento do efluente do sistema de tratamento com os reatores anaeróbios, utilizaram-se duas lagoas de polimento (L1 e L2 com volume de 1.000 L, cada) em série. As cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COV) aplicadas no primeiro ASBR variaram de 4,43 a 12,75 g DQOtotal (L d)-1. As eficiências médias de remoção da demanda química de oxigênio total (DQOtotal) e de SST variaram de 52 a 86% e de 54 a 87%, respectivamente, no sistema de tratamento anaeróbio composto pelos ASBR. As produções volumétricas médias de metano no sistema de tratamento anaeróbio variaram de 0,628 a 0,786 m³ (m³ reator d)-1. A utilização das lagoas de polimento em série permitiu manter eficiências médias de remoção no sistema de tratamento (R1 + R2 + L1 + L2) acima de 89% e 91% para a DQOtotal e SST, respectivamente.

Reatores anaeróbios operados em batelada sequencial seguidos de lagoas de polimento para o tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura. Parte II: remoção de nutrientes e coliformes

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o desempenho de dois reatores anaeróbios operados em batelada sequencial (ASBR), instalados em série, em escala-piloto (volumes de 280 L e 140 L, respectivamente), no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura, com concentrações de sólidos suspensos totais (SST) em torno de 10.000 mg L-1. Para o pós-tratamento do efluente do sistema de tratamento com os ASBR, utilizou-se de duas lagoas de polimento (volume de 1.000 L, cada) em série. As cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COV) aplicadas no primeiro ASBR variaram de 4,43 a 12,75 g DQOtotal (L d)-1. As eficiências médias de remoção de nitrogênio total Kjeldahl (NTK) e fósforo total (P-total) variaram de 30 a 82% e de 42 a 100%, respectivamente, no sistema de tratamento anaeróbio composto pelos ASBR seguidos das lagoas de polimento. A utilização das lagoas de polimento em série permitiu manter eficiências médias de remoção acima de 80% para o Fe, Mn e Zn e de 76% para o Cu. O número de coliformes termotolerantes foi reduzido a 8x10³ NMP/100 mL.

Reatores anaeróbios operados em batelada sequencial, seguidos de lagoas de polimento, para o tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura. Parte I: produção de metano e remoção de DQO e de sólidos suspensos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reatores anaeróbios operados em batelada sequencial seguidos de lagoas de polimento para o tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura. Parte II: remoção de nutrientes e coliformes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura em reatores anaeróbios horizontais seguidos de reator em bateladas sequenciais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Reator anaeróbio em batelada seqüencial contendo biomassa imobilizada submetido a aumento de carga orgânica tratando água residuária sintética

Nesse estudo, procurou-se investigar a influência do aumento de carga orgânica em um ASBR operado a 30ºC, agitado mecanicamente e contendo microrganismos imobilizados em suporte inerte. Para tal, foi aplicado um carregamento orgânico volumétrico variando de 1,5 a 6,0 g DQO/L.dia, alimentando-se um reator construído em acrílico (5,4 L) com 2 L de água residuária sintética com concentrações de 500 a 2000 mg DQO/L com fontes de carboidrato/proteína/lipídio, em bateladas de 8 a 12 h. O sistema apresentou eficiências de remoção de material orgânico entre 73% e 88% para as condições estudadas. Entretanto, quando o reator foi alimentado com uma concentração de 2000 mg DQO/L em bateladas de 8 h, verificou-se o acúmulo de ácidos voláteis totais, refletindo na redução da eficiência de remoção de material orgânico para 55%, para amostras filtradas. Os perfis dinâmicos ao longo da batelada permitiram concluir que, para a condição com o mesmo carregamento orgânico, porém com concentrações afluentes e tempos de ciclo diferentes, a produção inicial de ácidos voláteis totais foi mais acentuada para o caso de alimentação com maior concentração. Para condições com concentrações afluentes iguais, o tempo a mais para o ciclo foi fundamental para obter-se efluente de melhor qualidade em termos de remoção de matéria orgânica.