Time Evolution of Physicochemical Properties of Carrots During the Drying Process

This study is aimed to determine the properties of Nantes carrots while drying by hot air at three different temperatures (50, 60 and 70 ºC). The chemical properties evaluated were: moisture, pro- tein, fibre, ash, sugars and water activity, and the physical properties were: texture, color, density and porosity. The results showed that the drying at 70 ºC affected mostly the chemical properties analyzed. Regarding the texture, similar changes were recorded in terms of hardness, gumminess and chewiness at the temperature of 70 ºC that affected these properties the most. Regarding color, in general the vari- ations in a* and b* along drying were not meaningful, although some discoloration was observed (in- crease in L*). The porosity increased due to the decrease in humidity. The final porosity measured for the carrots dried at 70 ºC was; however, lower than those for 50 and 60 ºC.

The farm and the fireside: sketches of domestic life in war and peace.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Lutheran magazine.

Editor: G. A. Lintner, [May 1830-Arp. 1831].

High-resolution dynamical downscaling products for the North Slope of Alaska and surrounding areas, links to model result files

Climatic changes are most pronounced in northern high latitude regions. Yet, there is a paucity of observational data, both spatially and temporally, such that regional-scale dynamics are not fully captured, limiting our ability to make reliable projections. In this study, a group of dynamical downscaling products were created for the period 1950 to 2100 to better understand climate change and its impacts on hydrology, permafrost, and ecosystems at a resolution suitable for northern Alaska. An ERA-interim reanalysis dataset and the Community Earth System Model (CESM) served as the forcing mechanisms in this dynamical downscaling framework, and the Weather Research & Forecast (WRF) model, embedded with an optimization for the Arctic (Polar WRF), served as the Regional Climate Model (RCM). This downscaled output consists of multiple climatic variables (precipitation, temperature, wind speed, dew point temperature, and surface air pressure) for a 10 km grid spacing at three-hour intervals. The modeling products were evaluated and calibrated using a bias-correction approach. The ERA-interim forced WRF (ERA-WRF) produced reasonable climatic variables as a result, yielding a more closely correlated temperature field than precipitation field when long-term monthly climatology was compared with its forcing and observational data. A linear scaling method then further corrected the bias, based on ERA-interim monthly climatology, and bias-corrected ERA-WRF fields were applied as a reference for calibration of both the historical and the projected CESM forced WRF (CESM-WRF) products. Biases, such as, a cold temperature bias during summer and a warm temperature bias during winter as well as a wet bias for annual precipitation that CESM holds over northern Alaska persisted in CESM-WRF runs. The linear scaling of CESM-WRF eventually produced high-resolution downscaling products for the Alaskan North Slope for hydrological and ecological research, together with the calibrated ERA-WRF run, and its capability extends far beyond that. Other climatic research has been proposed, including exploration of historical and projected climatic extreme events and their possible connections to low-frequency sea-atmospheric oscillations, as well as near-surface permafrost degradation and ice regime shifts of lakes. These dynamically downscaled, bias corrected climatic datasets provide improved spatial and temporal resolution data necessary for ongoing modeling efforts in northern Alaska focused on reconstructing and projecting hydrologic changes, ecosystem processes and responses, and permafrost thermal regimes. The dynamical downscaling methods presented in this study can also be used to create more suitable model input datasets for other sub-regions of the Arctic.

Bulk sediment parameter of three sediment cores from permafrost lowlands, Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain

Arctic lowland landscapes have been modified by thermokarst lake processes throughout the Holocene. Thermokarst lakes form as a result of ice-rich permafrost degradation and they may expand over time through thermal and mechanical shoreline erosion. We studied proximal and distal sedimentary records from a thermokarst lake located on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska to reconstruct the impact of catchment dynamics and morphology on the lacustrine depositional environment and to quantify carbon accumulation in thermokarst lake sediments. Short cores were collected for analysis of pollen, sedimentological and geochemical proxies. Radiocarbon and Pb/Cs dating, as well as extrapolation of measured historic lake expansion rates, were applied to estimate a minimum lake age of ~ 1,400 calendar years BP. The pollen record is in agreement with the young lake age as it does not include evidence of the "alder high" that occurred in the region ~ 4.0 cal ka BP. The lake most likely initiated from a remnant pond in a drained thermokarst lake basin (DTLB) and deepened rapidly as evidenced by accumulation of laminated sediments. Increasing oxygenation of the water column as shown by higher Fe/Ti and Fe/S ratios in the sediment indicate shifts in ice regime with increasing water depth. More recently, the sediment source changed as the thermokarst lake expanded through lateral permafrost degradation, alternating from redeposited DTLB sediments, to increased amounts of sediment from eroding, older upland deposits, followed by a more balanced combination of both DTLB and upland sources. The characterizing shifts in sediment sources and depositional regimes in expanding thermokarst lakes were therefore archived in the thermokarst lake sedimentary record. This study also highlights the potential for Arctic lakes to recycle old carbon from thawing permafrost and thermokarst processes.

Unusual, basin-scale, fluid–rock interaction in the Palaeoproterozoic Onega basin from Fennoscandia : Preservation in calcite δ18O of an ancient high geothermal gradient

Acknowledgements We acknowledge financial support from ICDP for the drilling programme. AEF, ATB and ARP thank NERC for financial support through NE/G00398X/1. VAM thanks the Norwegian Research Council for financial support through 191530/V30. We are grateful for sample preparation and analyses to all the personnel at NGU lab. At SUERC we enjoyed exceptional analytical support from Julie Dougans. Anonymous reviewers and the editor provided comments that improved the final manuscript.

Pianificazione di coperture fotogrammetriche mediante RPAS

Il seguente elaborato di tesi tratta il problema della pianificazione di voli fotogrammetrici a bassa quota mediante l’uso di SAPR, in particolare è presentata una disamina delle principali applicazioni che permettono di programmare una copertura fotogrammetrica trasversale e longitudinale di un certo poligono con un drone commerciale. Il tema principale sviluppato è la gestione di un volo fotogrammetrico UAV mediante l’uso di applicativi software che permettono all’utente di inserire i parametri di volo in base alla tipologia di rilievo che vuole effettuare. L’obbiettivo finale è quello di ottenere una corretta presa fotogrammetrica da utilizzare per la creazione di un modello digitale del terreno o di un oggetto attraverso elaborazione dati in post-processing. La perfetta configurazione del volo non può prescindere dalle conoscenze base di fotogrammetria e delle meccaniche di un veicolo UAV. I capitoli introduttivi tratteranno infatti i principi della fotogrammetria analogica e digitale soffermandosi su temi utili alla comprensione delle problematiche relative al progetto di rilievo fotogrammetrico aereo. Una particolare attenzione è stata posta sulle nozioni di fotogrammetria digitale che, insieme agli algoritmi di Imagine Matching derivanti dalla Computer Vision, permette di definire il ramo della Fotogrammetria Moderna. Nei capitoli centrali verranno esaminate e confrontate una serie di applicazioni commerciali per smartphone e tablet, disponibili per sistemi Apple e Android, per trarne un breve resoconto conclusivo che le compari in termini di accessibilità, potenzialità e destinazione d’uso. Per una maggiore comprensione si determinano univocamente gli acronimi con cui i droni vengono chiamati nei diversi contesti: UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), SAPR (Sistemi Aeromobili a Pilotaggio Remoto), RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aicraft System), ARP (Aeromobili a Pilotaggio Remoto).

Traitement de données observationnelles et développement d’un code de simulation pour SpIOMM et SITELLE

L’arrivée du spectromètre imageur à transformée de Fourier SITELLE au télescope Canada-France-Hawaï souligne la nécessité d’un calculateur de temps d’exposition permettant aux utilisateurs de l’instrument de planifier leurs observations et leurs demandes de temps de télescope. Une grande partie de mon projet est ainsi le développement d’un code de simulation capable de reproduire les résultats de SITELLE et de son prédecesseur SpIOMM, installé à l’Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic. La précision des simulations est confirmée par une comparaison avec des données SpIOMM et les premières observations de SITELLE. La seconde partie de mon projet consiste en une analyse spectrale de données observationelles. Prenant avantage du grand champ de vue de SpIOMM, les caractéristiques du gaz ionisé (vitesse radiale et intensité) sont étudiées pour l’ensemble de la paire de galaxies en interaction Arp 72. La courbe de rotation dans le visible ainsi que le gradient de métallicité de NGC 5996, la galaxie principale d’Arp 72, sont obtenues ici pour la première fois. La galaxie spirale NGC 7320 est également étudiée à partir d’observations faites à la fois avec SpIOMM et SITELLE.

Mamografia digital: performance de equipamentos e prática clínica

Evolução tecnológica: ferramentas de otimização. Controlo da qualidade em mamografia digital. Prática clínica - Aspetos a melhorar: tecnologia e técnica.

Managing Digitization Priorities with Metrics

This presentation was one of four during a Mid-Atlantic Regional Archives Conference presentation on April 15, 2016. Digitization of collections can help to improve internal workflows, make materials more accessible, and create new and engaging relationships with users. Laurie Gemmill Arp will discuss the LYRASIS Digitization Collaborative, created to assist institutions with their digitization needs, and how it has worked to help institutions increase connections with users. Robin Pike from the University of Maryland will discuss how they factor requests for access into selection for digitization and how they track the use of digitized materials. Laura Drake Davis of James Madison University will discuss the establishment of a formal digitization program, its impact on users, and the resulting increased use of their collections. Linda Tompkins-Baldwin will discuss Digital Maryland’s partnership with the Digital Public Library of America to provide access to archives held by institutions without a digitization program.