固氮蓝藻高光放氢突变种的筛选和放氢特点

作者以前报道过几种快速生长的固氮蓝藻在某种条件下能好气光放氢,其速度可以达到光合放氧速度的10—15%,但这种活性只有在不积累氢气的流动气相下或在短时间内发生。本文报道用亚硝基胍诱变所得到的Anabaena spp。Strain CA的高光放氢突变种——N9A和18A——的筛选和氢代谢特点。在达生长饱和光照以后,野生型的光放氢活性与光照强度的增加成正相关,而其吸氢活性则与之成负相关,显示高光照强度可能抑制吸氢酶的活性。无论在什么光强下,均测不到两个突变种的吸氢活性,暗示在突变种中,吸氢酶或有关系统受损伤。

蓝藻固氮酶钼铁蛋白的研究

改进了蓝藻固氮酶的分离、提纯方法。首次用小型厌氧聚丙烯酰胺凝胶制备电泳法,代替常用的层析法,获取了电泳纯的蓝藻固氮酶钼铁蛋白,简化了程序,缩短了实验周期。SDS凝胶电泳和分子筛凝胶过滤测定分子量结果表明,钼铁蛋白分子量为360,000,由4个分子量为90,000的同一类型亚单位构成。每个钼铁蛋白分子含1个钼,18个铁和3290个氨基酸残基。其中酸性氨基酸占优势。研究了柱孢鱼腥藻(Anabaena cylindrica)固氮酶粗提物和钼铁蛋白的某些特性,其结果是:米氏常数为3.33×10~(-3)大气压乙炔

满江红鱼腥藻的异养生理

设计了一个经机械处理而获得蓝藻无菌培养物的方法,利用这一方法获得满江红鱼腥藻(Anabaena azollae)的无菌培养物。满江红鱼腥藻的无菌培养物能以果糖、葡萄糖或者蔗糖为底物,在黑暗中进行化能异养生长。将适应了光能自养生长的培养物转移至黑暗中异养生长时,以NaNO_3为氮源时的生长速率比以空气中的氮气为氮源时高;然而适应了化能异养生长的培养物以空气中的氮气为氮源时生长更佳。搅拌促进生长。满江红鱼腥藻在黑暗中生长半年后,叶绿素a的含量降至光照下生长时的1/3-1/4。满江红鱼腥藻在5500勒克斯光照下

柄杆菌与固氮蓝藻培养——Ⅰ.多态柄杆菌的分离和鉴定

本文报道了血腥藻(Anabaena spp.)的一种异常生长现象和从鱼腥藻中分离得到的柄杆菌1017—41株的生物学特性。此菌株除具有柄杆菌特有的形态和发育周期外,还出现分叉状和长的分节状菌体,与已有记载的柄杆菌明显不同,故定为柄杆菌属(Caulobacter)的一个新种,命名为多态柄杆菌(Caulobacter polymorphus nov.sp.)。

鱼腥藻对氧敏感的固氮突变种

<正> 柱孢鱼腥藻(Anabaena cylindrica)和鱼腥藻7120(Anabaena 7120)(均为蓝藻植物)在空气中均能固定分子态氮.我们用紫外线和亚硝基胍分别对它们进行诱变、筛选,获得二株具异形胞而不能在空气中固定分子态氮的突变种.鱼腥藻-1(Anabaena-1)是鱼腥藻7120经紫外线诱变后得到的突变种,而鱼腥藻-2(Anabaena-2)是柱孢鱼腥藻经NTG诱变后获得的突变种.它们的异形胞频率(10～17.5%)高于野生种(5～9%).经二年多的连续传代培养表明突变表型是稳定的,自发

我国的几种蓝藻的固氮作用

湖北、湖南和江西等地采集的稻田蓝藻经过分离、培养、缺氮培养初步找到可能固氮的蓝藻后,进一步得出了无菌的纯培养的蓝藻藻种,经过试验和用微量凯氏法测定其产生的氮量,确定了四种蓝藻系固氮蓝藻。在100毫升无菌无氮培养基中生长四天的结果测定,水生686固氮蓝藻(Anabaena azotica)、水生678固氮蓝藻(A.azotica forma a)、水生670固氮蓝藻(Anabaena variabilis forma)和水生508固氮蓝藻(Nastoc Linckia forma)的固氮量分别为1.0146

Modelling algal blooms in Lake Dianchi, China using neural networks

Lake Dianchi is one of the most extensively impacted freshwater lakes by algal blooms. To investigate the response of dominant algal genera, neural networks were applied to model the relationship between water quality parameters and the biomass of four dominant genera (Microcystic spp., Anabaena sp., Quadricauda (Turp.) Breb, Pediastrum Mey) in Dianchi. Results showed that the timing and magnitude of algal blooms of Microcystic spp., nabaena sp., Quadricauda (Turp.) Breb, and Pediastrum Mey in Dianchi could be successfully predicted. The evaluation of environmental factors showed that pH had more significant impact on concentrations of all the four dominant algal genera than the nutrient factors, such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen.

Studies on temporal and spatial variations of phytoplankton in Lake Chaohu

Temporal and spatial variations of the phytoplankton assemblage in Lake Chaohu, a large shallow eutrophic lake in China, were studied from September 2002 to August 2003. A total of 191 phytoplankton species was identified, among which Chlorophytes (101) ranked the first, followed by Cyanophytes (46) and Bacillariophytes (28). On average over the entire lake, the maximum total algal biomass appeared in June (19.70 mg/L) with a minimum (5.05 mg/ L) in November. In terms of annual mean biomass, cyanobacteria contributed 45.43% to total algal biomass, followed by Chlorophytes (27.14%), and Bacillariophytes (20.6%). When nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4-N) concentrations dropped in spring, fixing-nitrogen cyanobacterium (Anabaena) developed quickly and ranked the first in terms of biomass in summer. It is likely that dominance of zooplanktivorous fish and small crustacean zooplankton favored the development of the inedible filamentous or colony forming cyanobacteria. The persistent dominance of cyanobacteria throughout all seasons may indicate a new tendency of the response of phytoplankton to eutrophication in Lake Chaohu.

Environmental mechanism of change in cyanobacterial species composition in the northeastern part of Lake Dianchi (China)

Environmental mechanism of change in cyanobacterial species composition in the northeastern part of Lake Dianchi (also called Macun Bay and Haidong Bay) was studied using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), but also bottom-up control and top-down control were fully discussed. Results from CCA suggest: (1) the abundance and dominance of Microcystis aeruginosa in Macun Bay and Haidong Bay are influenced by total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (NO3--N), nitrite (NO2--N), dissolved oxygen (DO) and water temperature (WT); (2) water temperature has a positive correlation with the abundance of M. aeruginosa and it also has negative correlations with the abundances of Anabaena flos-aquae and Aphanizomenonon flos-aquae; and (3) abundances of both Anabaena flos-aquae and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae have positive correlations with ammonia-N (NH4+-N). Furthermore, cyanobacterial species composition has no significant correlations with light and size-fractioned iron in this study. Grazers, cyanophages and viruses were able to control cyanobacterial blooms and change the composition of cyanobacterial species. Though we studied physical and chemical factors intensely enough, we still are not able to predict the change in the composition of cyanobacterial blooms, because of plankton system in a chaotic behavior.

Relationships between microcystins and environmental parameters in 30 subtropical shallow lakes along the Yangtze River, China

1. A survey of 30 subtropical shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area in China was conducted during July-September in 2003-2004 to study how environmental and biological variables were associated with the concentration of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin (MC). 2. Mean MC concentration in seasonally river-connected lakes (SL) was nearly 33 times that in permanently river-connected lakes (RL), and more than six times that in city lakes (NC) and non-urban lakes (NE) which were not connected to the Yangtze River. The highest MC (8.574 mu g L-1) was detected in Dianshan Lake. 3. MC-RR and MC-LR were the primary toxin variants in our data. MC-RR, MC-YR and MC-LR were significantly correlated with Ch1 a, biomass of cyanobacteria, Microcystis and Anabaena, indicating that microcystins were mainly produced by Microcystis and Anabaena sp. in these lakes. 4. Nonlinear interval maxima regression indicated that the relationships of Secchi depth, total nitrogen (TN) : total phosphorus UP) and NH4+ with MC were characterised by negative exponential curves. The relationships between MC and TN, TP, NO3- + NO2- were fitted well with a unimodal curve. 5. Multivariate analyses by principal component and classifying analysis indicated that MC was mainly affected by Microcystis among the biological factors, and was closely related with temperature among physicochernical factors.

Modeling phytoplankton dynamics in the River Darling (Australia) using the radial basis function neural network

A radial basis function neural network was employed to model the abundance of cyanobacteria. The trained network could predict the populations of two bloom forming algal taxa with high accuracy, Nostocales spp. and Anabaena spp., in the River Darling, Australia. To elucidate the population dynamics for both Nostocales spp. and Anabaena spp., sensitivity analysis was performed with the following results. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen had a very strong influence on the abundance of the two algal taxa, electrical conductivity had a very strong negative relationship with the population of the two algal species, and flow was identified as one dominant factor influencing algal blooms after a scatter plot revealed that high flow could significantly reduce the algal biomass for both Nostocales spp. and Anabaena spp. Other variables such as turbidity, color, and pH were less important in determining the abundance and succession of the algal blooms.

Lysis of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Cyanobacterium) by a bacterium Bacillus cereus

A phytoplankton-lytic (PL) bacterium, Bacillus cereus, capable of lysing the bloom-forming cyanobacterium. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was isolated from Lake Dianchi of Yunnan province, China. This bacterium showed lytic activities against a wide range of cyanobacteria/algae, including A. flos-aquae, Microcystis viridis, Microcystis wesenbergi, Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Oscillatoria tenuis, Nostoc punctiforme, Anabaena flos-aquae, Spirulina maxima, and Selenastrum capricornutum. Chlorophyll a contents, phycocyanin contents, and photosynthetic activities of the A. flos-aquae decreased evidently in an infected culture for a period. Bacterium B. cereus attacked rapidly A. flos-aquae cells by cell-to-cell contact mechanism. It was shown that the lysis of A. flos-aquae began with the breach of the cyanobacterial cell wall, and the cyanobacterial cell appeared abnormal in the presence of the PL bacterium. Moreover, transmission electron microscope examinations revealed that a close contact between the bacterium and the cyanobacterium was necessary for lysis. Some slime extrusions produced from B. cereus assisted the bacterial cells to be in close association with and lyse the cyanobacterial cells. These findings suggested that this bacterium could play an important role in controlling the Aphanizomenon blooms in freshwaters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Population growth and physiological characteristics of microalgae in a miniaturized bioreactor during space flight

A strain of microalgae (Anabaena siamensis) had been cultured in a miniaturized bioreactor during a retrievable satellite flight for 15 days. By means of remote sensing equipment installed in the satellite, we gained the growth curve of microalgae population in space every day in real time. The curve indicated that the growth of microalgae in space was slower than the control on ground. Inoculation of the retrieved microalgae culture showed that the growth rate was distinctively higher than ground control. But after several generations, both cultures indicated similar growth rates. Those data showed that algae, can adapt to space environment easily which may be valuable for designing more complex bioreactor and controlled ecological life support system in future experiment. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Taxonomic re-evaluation of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae NH-5 based on morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequences

The taxonomy of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae strain NH-5, a producer of cyanotoxins, was re-evaluated by comparison with six other Aphanizomenon strains using morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Strain NH-5 was concluded to be improperly identified as Aph. flos-aquae based upon (1) lack of bundle formation in the trichomes, (2) location of akinetes next to heterocytes, (3) lower similarities (less than 97.5%) in the 16S rRNA gene sequences relative to Aph. flos-aquae strains, and (4) comparison within a phylogenetic tree constructed from 16S rRNA gene sequences. The Aphanizomenon strains investigated in this study are classified to four morphological groups as described by the classical taxonomy of Komarek & Kovacik (1989). This classification was supported from the phylogenetic results of 16S rRNA gene sequences. This study also discusses the generic boundaries between Aphanizomenon and Anabaena.