The intraplate Porto dos Gauchos seismic zone in the Amazon craton - Brazil

The largest earthquake observed in the stable continental interior of the South American plate occurred in Serra do Tombador, Mato Grosso state - Brazil, on January 31,1955 with a magnitude of 6.2 m(b). Since then no other earthquake has been located near the 1955 epicentre. However, in Porto dos Gauchos, 100 km northeast of Serra do Tombador, a recurrent seismicity has been observed since 1959. Both Serra do Tombador and Porto dos Gauchos are located in the Phanerozoic Parecis basin. Two magnitude 5 earthquakes occurred in Porto dos Gauchos, in 1998 and 2005, with intensities up to VI and V, respectively. These two main shocks were followed by aftershock sequences lasting more than three years each. Local seismic stations have been deployed by the Seismological Observatory of the University of Brasilia since 1998 to study the ""Porto dos Gauchos"" seismic zone (PGSZ). A local seismic refraction survey was carried out with two explosions to help define the seismic velocity model. Both the 1998 and 2005 earthquake sequences occurred in the same WSW-ENE oriented fault zone with right-lateral strike-slip mechanisms. The epicentral zone is in the Parecis basin, near its northern border where there are buried grabens, generally trending WNW-ESE, such as the deep Mesoproterozoic Caiabis graben which lies partly beneath the Parecis basin. However, the epicentral distribution indicates that the 1998 and 2005 sequences are related to a N60 degrees E fault which probably crosses the entire Caiabis graben. The 1955 earthquake, despite the uncertainty in its epicentre, does not seem to be directly related to any buried graben either. The seismicity in the Porto dos Gauchos seismic zone, therefore, is not directly related to rifted crust. The probable direction of the maximum horizontal stress near Porto dos Gauchos is roughly E-W, consistent with other focal mechanisms further south in the Pantanal basin and Paraguay. but seems to be different from the NW-SE direction observed further north in the Amazon basin. The recurrent seismicity observed in Porto dos Gauchos, and the large 1955 earthquake nearby, make this area of the Parecis basin one of the most important seismic zones of Brazil. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Coda wave attenuation in the Parecis Basin, Amazon Craton, Brazil: sensitivity to basement depth

Small local earthquakes from two aftershock sequences in Porto dos GaA(0)chos, Amazon craton-Brazil, were used to estimate the coda wave attenuation in the frequency band of 1 to 24 Hz. The time-domain coda-decay method of a single backscattering model is employed to estimate frequency dependence of the quality factor (Q (c)) of coda waves modeled usingwhere Q (0) is the coda quality factor at frequency of 1 Hz and eta is the frequency parameter. We also used the independent frequency model approach (Morozov, Geophys J Int, 175:239-252, 2008), based in the temporal attenuation coefficient, chi(f) instead of Q(f), given by the equation for the calculation of the geometrical attenuation (gamma) and effective attenuation Q (c) values have been computed at central frequencies (and band) of 1.5 (1-2), 3.0 (2-4), 6.0 (4-8), 9.0 (6-12), 12 (8-16), and 18 (12-24) Hz for five different datasets selected according to the geotectonic environment as well as the ability to sample shallow or deeper structures, particularly the sediments of the Parecis basin and the crystalline basement of the Amazon craton. For the Parecis basin for the surrounding shield and for the whole region of Porto dos GaA(0)chos Using the independent frequency model, we found: for the cratonic zone, gamma = 0.014 s (-aEuro parts per thousand 1), nu a parts per thousand 1.12; for the basin zone with sediments of similar to 500 m, gamma = 0.031 s (-aEuro parts per thousand 1), nu a parts per thousand 1.27; and for the Parecis basin with sediments of similar to 1,000 m, gamma = 0.047 s (-aEuro parts per thousand 1), nu a parts per thousand 1.42. Analysis of the attenuation factor (Q (c)) for different values of the geometrical spreading parameter (nu) indicated that an increase of nu generally causes an increase in Q (c), both in the basin as well as in the craton. But the differences in the attenuation between different geological environments are maintained for different models of geometrical spreading. It was shown that the energy of coda waves is attenuated more strongly in the sediments, (in the deepest part of the basin), than in the basement, (in the craton). Thus, the coda wave analysis can contribute to studies of geological structures in the upper crust, as the average coda quality factor is dependent on the thickness of sedimentary layer.

Closing the Clymene ocean and bending a Brasiliano belt: Evidence for the Cambrian formation of Gondwana, southeast Amazon craton

We report new paleomagnetic and geochronological data from Ediacaran rift-drift carbonates in the Paraguai belt at the southern end of the suture zone between the Amazon craton and the Sao Francisco and Rio de Plata cratons, South America. Early thrusting resulted in remagnetization ca. 528 +/- 36 Ma or later; the mean age is established by (40)Ar/(39)Ar encapsulation dating of mixed authigenic and detrital illite from remagnetized carbonates from the unmetamorphosed fold-thrust belt. This remagnetization overlaps with a 525 Ma Gondwana reference pole. Metamorphic illite from the slate belt yields (40)Ar/(39)Ar ages of 496-484 Ma, the timing of peak regional metamorphism. Oroclinal bending of the Paraguai belt was caused by a 90 degrees clockwise rotation of the east-west limb after ca. 528 Ma, probably reflecting the irregular margin of the southeast Amazon craton. The age of the Paraguai belt overlaps with that of the Pampean orogeny farther south along the western margin of the Rio de Plata craton, suggesting a coeval closure for the Clymene ocean separating the Amazon craton from the Sao Francisco and Rio de Plata cratons.

Geochemical composition of the Trincheira Complex in the southwestern Amazon craton, Brazil

We document the first-known Mesoproterozoic ophiolite from the southwestern part of the Amazon craton, corresponding to the Trincheira Complex of Calymmian age, and propose a tectonic model that explains many previously enigmatic features of the Precambrian history of this key craton, and discuss its role in the reconstruction of the Columbia supercontinent. The complex comprises extrusive rocks (fine-grained amphibolites derived from massive and pillowed basalts), mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks, chert, banded iron formation (BIFs), pelites, psammitic and a smaller proportion of calc-silicate rocks. This sequence was deformed, metasomatized and metamorphosed during the development of the Alto Guaporé Belt, a Mesoproterozoic accretionary orogen. The rocks were deformed by a single tectonic event, which included isoclinal folding and metamorphism of the granulite-amphibolite facies. Layered magmatic structures were preserved in areas of low strain, including amygdaloidal and cumulate structures. Metamorphism was pervasive and reached temperatures of 780-853°C in mafic granulites and 680-720°C in amphibolites under an overall pressure of 6.8 kbar. The geochemical composition of the extrusive and intrusive rocks indicates that all noncumulus mafic-ultramafic rocks are tholeiitic basalts. The mafic-ultramafic rocks display moderately to strongly fractionation of light rare earth elements (LREE), near-flat heavy rare earth elements (HREE) patterns and moderate to strong negative high field strength elements (HFSE) anomalies (especially Nb), a geochemical signature typical of subduction zones. The lowest units of mafic granulites and porphyroblastic amphibolites in the Trincheira ophiolite are similar to the modern mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), although they locally display small Ta, Ti and Nb negative anomalies, indicating a small subduction influence. This behavior changes to an island arc tholeiites (IAT) signature in the upper units of fine-grained amphibolites and amphibole rich-amphibolites, characterized by progressive depletion in the incompatible elements and more pronounced negative Ta and Nb anomalies, as well as common Ti and Zr negative anomalies. Tectono-magmatic variation diagrams and chondrite-normalized REE and primitive mantle normalized patterns suggest a back-arc to intra-oceanic island arc tectonic regime for the eruption of these rocks. Therefore, the Trincheira ophiolite appears to have originated in an intraoceanic supra-subduction setting composed of an arc-back-arc system. Accordingly, the Trincheira Complex is a record of oceanic crust relics obducted during the collision of the Amazon craton and the Paraguá block during the Middle Mesoproterozoic. Thus, the recognition of the Trincheira ophiolite and suture significantly changes views on the evolution of the southern margin of the Amazon craton, and how it can influence the global tectonics and the reconstruction of the continents.

THE RIO APA CRATON IN MATO GROSSO DO SUL (BRAZIL) AND NORTHERN PARAGUAY: GEOCHRONOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, CORRELATIONS AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS FOR RODINIA AND GONDWANA

The Rio Apa cratonic fragment crops out in Mato Grosso do Sul State of Brazil and in northeastern Paraguay. It comprises Paleo-Mesoproterozoic medium grade metamorphic rocks, intruded by granitic rocks, and is covered by the Neoproterozoic deposits of the Corumbi and Itapocurni Groups. Eastward it is bound by the southern portion of the Paraguay belt. In this work, more than 100 isotopic determinations, including U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd whole-rock determinations, as well as K-Ar and Ar-Ar mineral ages, were reassessed in order to obtain a complete picture of its regional geological history. The tectonic evolution of the Rio Apa Craton starts with the formation of a series of magmatic arc complexes. The oldest U-Pb SHRIMP zircon age comes from a banded gneiss collected in the northern part of the region, with an age of 1950 +/- 23 Ma. The large granitic intrusion of the Alumiador Batholith yielded a U-Pb zircon age of 1839 +/- 33 Ma, and from the southeastern part of the area two orthogneisses gave zircon U-Pb ages of 1774 +/- 26 Ma and 1721 +/- 25 Ma. These may be coeval with the Alto Terere metamorphic rocks of the northeastern corner, intruded in their turn by the Baia das Garcas granitic rocks, one of them yielding a zircon U-Pb age of 1754 +/- 49 Ma. The original magmatic protoliths of these rocks involved some crustal component, as indicated by the Sm-Nd TDm model ages, between 1.9 and 2.5 Ga. Regional Sr isotopic homogenization, associated with tectonic deformation and medium-grade metamorphism occurred at approximately 1670 Ma, as suggested by Rb-Sr whole rock reference isochrons. Finally, at 1300 Ma ago, the Ar work indicates that the Rio Apa Craton was affected by widespread regional heating, when the temperature probably exceeded 350 degrees C. Geographic distribution, age and isotopic signature of the fithotectonic units suggest the existence of a major suture separating two different tectonic domains, juxtaposed at about 1670 Ma. From that time on, the unified Rio Apa continental block behaved as one coherent and stable tectonic unit. It correlates well with the SW corner of the Amazonian Craton, where the medium-grade rocks of the Juruena-Rio Negro tectonic province, with ages between 1600 and 1780 Ma, were reworked at about 1300 Ma. Looking at the largest scale, the Rio Apa Craton is probably attached to the larger Amazonian Craton, and the actual configuration of southwestern South America is possibly due to a complex arrangement of allochthonous blocks such as the Arequipa, Antofalla and Pampia, with different sizes, that may have originated as disrupted parts of either Laurentia or Amazonia, and were trapped during later collisions of these continental masses.

Middle Proterozoic vein-hosted gold deposits in the Pontes e Lacerda region, southwestern Amazonian craton, Brazil

Structural, geochemical, and isotope studies were carried out on the gold deposits of the Pontes e Lacerda region (Mato Grosso state, Brazil), where rocks of the Aguapei and Rondoniano mobile belts (southwestern Amazonian craton) occur. The orebodies are hosted in metavolcanic, gneiss-granite, quartzite, tonalite, and granite units. Tectonics involve oblique overthrusting (from northeast to southwest), which led to the formation of recumbent folds and thrusts (pathways for the mineralizing fluids), upright folds, and faults with dominant strike-slip component. These unconformities represent potential sites for mineralization. During geological mapping, it was observed that the orebodies consist of quartz, pyrite, and gold, and that the hydrothermal alteration zone contains quartz, sericite, pyrite (altered to limonite), and magnetite (altered to hematite). Chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite occur only in the Onça deposit. Chemical analysis of sulfides indicates high contents of Bi, Se, and Te in sulfides and gold, suggesting plutonic involvement in the origin of hydrothermal solutions. K-Ar dating of hydrothermal sericites from gold veins yielded ages in the range from 960 to 840 Ma, which may indicate the age of original crystallization of sericite. Pb-Pb dating in galenas yielded model ages in the range from 1000 to 800 Ma for the Onça deposit, which is in agreement with K-Ar ages. Pb-isotopic ratios indicate high U/Pb and low Th/Pb for the upper-crustal Pb source before incorporation in galena crystals. The Pontes e Lacerda gold deposits yielded ages correlated to the Aguapei event and probably were formed during a Proterozoic contractional tectonic period in the southwestern part of the Amazon craton, which may characterize an important metallogenic epoch in the Pontes e Lacerda region.

Fast or slow melting of the Marinoan snowball Earth? The cap dolostone record

The end of the Neoproterozoic era is punctuated by two global glacial events marked by the presence of glacial deposits overlaid by cap carbonates. Duration of glacial intervals is now consistently constrained to 3-12 million years but the duration of the post-glacial transition is more controversial due to the uncertainty in cap dolostone sedimentation rates. Indeed, the presence of several stratabound magnetic reversals in Brazilian cap dolostones recently questioned the short sedimentation duration (a few thousand years at most) that was initially suggested for these rocks. Here, we present new detailed magnetostratigraphic data of the Mirassol d`Oeste cap dolostones (Mato Grosso, Brazil) and ""bomb-spike"" calibrated AMS (14)C data of microbial mats from the Lagoa Vermelha (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). We also compile sedimentary, isotopic and microbiological data from post-Marinoan outcrops and/or recent depositional analogues in order to discuss the deposition rate of Marinoan cap dolostones and to infer an estimation of the deglaciation duration in the snowball Earth aftermath. Taken together, the various data point to a sedimentation duration in the range of a few 10(5) years. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemostratigraphy of the Tamengo Formation (Corumba Group, Brazil) A contribution to the calibration of the Ediacaran carbon-isotope curve

The Corumba Group cropping out in the southern Paraguay Belt in Brazil is one of the most complete Ediacaran sedimentary archives of palaeogeographic climatic biogeochemical and biotic evolution in southwestern Gondwana The unit hosts a rich fossil record including acritarchs vendotaenids (Vendo taenia Eoholynia) soft-bodied metazoans (Corumbella) and skeletal fossils (Cloudina Titanotheca) The Tamengo Formation made up mainly of limestones and marls provides a rich bio- and chemostratigraphic record Several outcrops formerly assigned to the Cuiaba Group are here included in the Tamengo Formation on the basis of lithological and chemostratigraphical criteria High-resolution carbon isotopic analyses are reported for the Tamengo Formation showing (from base to top) (1) a positive delta(13)C excursion to +4 parts per thousand PDB above post-glacial negative values (2) a negative excursion to -3 5 parts per thousand associated with a marked regression and subsequent transgression (3) a positive excursion to +5 5 parts per thousand and (4) a plateau characterized by delta(13)C around +3 parts per thousand A U-Pb SHRIMP zircon age of an ash bed Interbedded in the upper part of the delta(13)C positive plateau yielded 543 +/- 3 Ma which is considered as the depositional age (Babinski et al 2008a) The positive plateau in the upper Tamengo Formation and the preceding positive excursion are ubiquitous features in several successions worldwide including the Nama Group (Namibia) the Dengying Formation (South China) and the Nafun and Ara groups (Oman) This plateau is constrained between 542 and 551 Ma thus consistent with the age of the upper Tamengo Formation The negative excursion of the lower Tamengo Formation may be correlated to the Shuram-Wonoka negative anomaly although delta(13)C values do not fall beyond -3 5 parts per thousand in the Brazilian sections Sedimentary breccias occur just beneath this negative excursion in the lower Tamengo Formation One possible interpretation of the origin of these breccias is a glacioeustatic sea-level fall but a tectonic interpretation cannot be completely ruled out Published by Elsevier B V

Global perturbation of the marine Ca isotopic composition in the aftermath of the Marinoan global glaciation

Ca isotopic compositions of Marinoan post-glacial carbonate successions in Brazil and NW Canada were measured Both basal dolostones display delta(44/40)Ca values between 1 and 0 7 parts per thousand overlying limestones show a negative Ca isotope excursion to values around 0 1 parts per thousand and delta(44/40)Ca values rapidly increase up-section to near 2 0 parts per thousand In the Brazilian successions those high delta(44/40)Ca values rapidly decrease and stabilize to values between 0 6 and 0 9 parts per thousand These Ca isotope secular variation trends are unlike those of Sturtian post-glacial carbonate successions but similar to those of Marinoan post-glacial carbonate successions in Namibia suggesting that the perturbation of the marine Ca cycle was global This recommends Ca isotope stratigraphy as a tool to correlate Neoproterozoic post-glacial carbonate successions worldwide While the lowermost and uppermost strata have delta(44/40)Ca values typical of Phanerozoic carbonates the extremes 0 1 and 2 0 parts per thousand have not been thus far reported for other marine carbonates These extreme values suggest a short-lived non-actualistic perturbation in the marine Ca cycle Simple box modelling of the Marinoan post-glacial marine Ca cycle can reproduce the extreme values only by postulating a two-step process with Ca input initially exceeding Ca removal trough carbonate precipitation followed by precipitation overtaking a decreased Ca Input (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved

Terrane transfer during the Grenville orogeny: tracing the Amazonian ancestry of southern Appalachian basement through Pb and Nd isotopes

Whole rock Pb isotope data can be used to determine the provenance of different blocks within the Rodinia supercontinent, providing a test for paleogeographic reconstructions. Calculated isotopic values for the source region of the Grenville-deformed SW Amazon craton (Rondonia, Brazil), anchored by published U-Pb zircon ages, are compared to those from the Grenville belt of North America and Grenvillian basement inliers in the southern Appalachians. Both the SW Amazon craton and the allochthonous Blue Ridge/Mars Hill terrane are defined by a similar Pb isotopic signature, indicating derivation from an ancient source region with an elevated U/Pb ratio. In contrast, the Grenville Province of Laurentia (extending from Labrador to the Llano Uplift of Texas) is characterized by a source region with a distinctly lower, time-integrated U/Pb ratio. Published U-Pb zircon ages (ca. 1.8 Ga) and Nd model ages (1.4-2.2 Ga) for the Blue Ridge/Mars Hill terrane also suggest an ancient provenance very different from the rest of the adjacent Grenville belt, which is dominated by juvenile 1.3-1.5 Ga rocks. The presence of mature continental material in rocks older than 1.15 Ga in the Blue Ridge/ Mars Hill terrane is consistent with characteristics of basement rocks from the SW Amazon craton. High-grade metamorphism of the Blue Ridge/Mars Hill basement resulted in purging of U, consistent with observations of the rest of the North American Grenville province. In contrast, the Grenvillian metamorphic history of the Amazon appears to have been much more heterogeneous, with both U enrichment and U depletion recorded locally. We propose that the Blue Ridge/ Mars Hill portion of the Appalachian basement is of Amazonian provenance and was transferred to Laurentia during Grenvillian orogenesis after similar to1.15 Ga. The presence of these Amazonian rocks in southeastern Laurentia records the northward passage of the Amazon craton along the Laurentian margin, following the original collision with southernmost Laurentia at ca. 1.2 Ga. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Suíte plutônica Alumiador, grupo Amonguijá, maciço rio apa - MS

The Rio Apa Massif corresponds the southern portion of the Amazon Craton and is located in the southwest of Mato Grosso do Sul State. It consists on Paleoproterozoic rocks of Rio Apa Complex, Alto Tererê Group and Amonguijá Group, is subdivided into Alumiador Plutonic Suite and Serra da Bocaina Volcanic Suite. The volcanic suite is comprises sub volcanic, volcanic and varied volcanoclastics rocks with composition ranging from alkali-rhyolitic to rhyolite types. The plutonic suite corresponds to an N-S elongated batholith and is characterized by four main segments delimited by NW-SE faults. The southern and central main segments, discussed in this paper, are characterized by the following petrographic facies: medium to fine grained hornblende-biotite monzogranites, coarse grained biotite monzogranites, graphic biotite sienogranites and muscovite sienogranites and the northern segment is contemporaneous and is composed of two different sequences of rocks, one acid and another of basic to ultrabasic composition. The southern and central segment consists of to chemically compatible rocks with the types I and A Granites. These are calc-alkaline rocks of high potassium to the shoshonitic and subalkaline. Constitute sin-collisional granites of metaluminous the peraluminous characters of the Amonguijá Magmatic Arc, but they exhibit late litotypes with chemical characteristics of post tectonic granites from intraplate environment.

Geoquímica das águas do médio e baixo rio Madeira e seus principais tributários - Amazonas - Brasil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as águas do rio Madeira e seus principais tributários entre a cidade de Humaitá e sua foz no rio Amazonas. Foram analisados pH, condutividade, turbidez, íons maiores, elementos traço e isótopos de Sr nos períodos de seca, cheia e transição para a seca entre 2009 e 2010. As águas do Madeira, classificadas com brancas, são bicarbonatadas-cálcicas, têm pH entre 5 e 6 e são mais concentradas que as dos tributários. Estes têm águas de cor preta, mais ácidas e quimicamente heterogêneas, os da margem esquerda são quimicamente mais semelhantes as do Madeira, enquanto os da margem direita têm alta concentração em SiO2. Os cátions, Cl- e NO3- são mais concentrados na cheia o que sugere influência do solo, da vegetação e da composição da água da chuva (Cl-), enquanto HCO3-, SO42-, Al, Br e P, com maiores concentrações na seca, devem estar relacionados com a química das rochas. A SiO2 e os elementos terras raras (ETR) com concentrações elevadas na seca e na cheia, estão associados tanto a vegetação e ao solo como as rochas. A interação desses fatores é a causa da heterogeneidade química das águas. Contudo, a semelhança entre as águas dos tributários da margem esquerda e as do Madeira são consequência das rochas dos Andes serem a fonte dos sedimentos cenozóicos percolados por elas, enquanto a química das águas dos tributários da margem direita retrata a estabilidade tectônica, o intenso intemperismo e a baixa taxa de erosão das rochas do cráton Amazônico.

A capa carbonática do sudoeste do cráton amazônico, estado de Rondônia: nova ocorrência e extensão dos eventos pós-glaciação marinoana (635 Ma)

Na porção oeste da Bacia dos Parecis, Estado de Rondônia, inserida no sudoeste do Cráton Amazônico, rochas carbonáticas expostas nas bordas dos grábens Pimenta Bueno e Colorado têm sido consideradas como parte do preenchimento eopaleozoico da bacia. A avaliação das fácies/microfácies e quimioestratigrafia dessas rochas nas regiões de Chupinguaia e Pimenta Bueno, confirmou a ocorrência de dolomitos rosados que sobrepõem, em contato direto, diamictitos glaciais previamente interpretados como depósitos de leques aluviais. Trabalhos prévios reportaram excursão negativa de δ¹³C, também confirmados neste trabalho, com variações entre -4.6 e -3,8‰VPDB em Chupinguaia e média de - 3,15‰VPDB em Pimenta Bueno. Esse padrão, de sedimentação e quimioestratigráfico, ausente nas rochas paleozoicas, é comumente encontrado nos depósitos carbonáticos anômalos do Neoproterozoico. No sul do Cráton Amazônico, Estado do Mato Grosso, rochas com essas mesmas características são descritas como capas carbonáticas relacionadas à glaciação marinoana (635 Ma). Neste trabalho, consideramos que os dolomitos rosados sobre diamictitos, em Rondônia, fazem parte do mesmo contexto das capas carbonáticas encontradas no Mato Grosso. Adicionalmente, destaca-se o contato brusco e deformado do dolomito sobre o diamictito, presente em ambas as ocorrências, configurando-se uma das feições típicas das capas carbonáticas do Cráton Amazônico. Essa relação paradoxal, entre diamictito e dolomito, tem sido interpretada como produto da mudança rápida das condições atmosféricas de icehouse para greenhouse, e a deformação da base foi gerada pelo rebound isostático. A capa carbonática de Rondônia compreende duas associações de fácies (AF2 e AF3) que recobrem depósitos glacio-marinhos compostos por paraconglomerados polimíticos (Pp), e arenito seixoso laminado (Asl), da AF1. A AF2 consiste em dolomudstone/dolopackstone peloidal com laminação plana a quasi-planar e com truncamentos de baixo-ângulo (fácies Dp), megamarcas onduladas (fácies Dm) e laminações truncadas por ondas (fácies Dt), interpretada como depósitos de plataforma rasa influenciada por ondas. Esta sucessão costeira é sucedida pela AF3, que compreende as fácies: dolomudstone/dolopackstone e dolomudstone/dolograinstone com partição de folhelho (Df) e siltito laminado (Sl). A fácies Df compreende um pacote de 6 metros de dolomito com partição de folhelho, apresentando lâminas de calcita fibrosa (pseudomorfos de evaporito) e dolomitos com laminações onduladas de corrente. Sobrejacente à fácies Df, ocorre a fácies Sl, apresentando 5 metros de siltito argiloso com laminação plana. Esta associação é interpretada como depósitos de plataforma rasa influenciada por maré, sendo sobreposta discordantemente, em contato angular, por depósitos glaciais do Eopaleozoico. Os valores isotópicos de C e O são negativos e refletem o sinal primário do C. No entanto, pode-se considerar uma leve influência da diagênese meteórica no sinal. As principais quebras nos sinais negativos podem estar associadas à influência meteórica, expressa pela substituição e preenchimento de poros por calcita e pela proximidade de superfícies estratigráficas, os quais refletem alguns padrões de alteração diagenética, representados nos sinais mais negativos. Diferentemente da capa carbonática do Mato Grosso, a capa de Rondônia possui níveis de pseudomorfos de evaporito e dolomitos com partição de folhelho (ritmito), em sucessão de fácies marinha rasa, onde os dolomitos de plataforma rasa influenciada por ondas passam para ritmitos e siltitos de plataforma rasa influenciada por maré (zona de inframaré), configurando uma sucessão retrogradante. Esta nova ocorrência de capa carbonática modifica a estratigrafia da base da Bacia dos Parecis, ao passo que exclui essas rochas carbonáticas da sequência eopaleozoica. Além disso, fornece informações que permitem reconstruir melhor a paleogeografia costeira da bacia neoproterozoica que acumulou os depósitos da plataforma carbonática do Grupo Araras, bem como estende os eventos pós-marinoanos ligados à hipótese do Snowball/Slushball Earth para o sudoeste do Cráton Amazônico, exposto no Estado de Rondônia.

Gnaisse Turvo: registro de magmatismo paleoproterozoico no Terreno Paraguá - sudoeste do Cráton Amazônico, Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, Mato Grosso

O Gnaisse Turvo, objeto deste trabalho, corresponde a um ortognaisse polideformado exposto na região de Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, sudoeste do estado de Mato Grosso. Do ponto de vista geotectônico, está inserido no Cráton Amazônico e representa o embasamento paleoproterozoico do Terreno Paraguá, um dos blocos crustais que formam a Província Rondoniana-San Ignácio (1,55 - 1,3 Ga). Duas fácies foram identificadas a partir do estudo petrográfico: ¬granada-anfibólio-biotita gnaisse formada por granodioritos e ¬anfibólio-biotita gnaisse, mais abundante, de composição granodiorítica a sienogranítica. A paragênese identificada caracteriza o metamorfismo responsável por esses gnaisses como da fácies anfibolito. A análise estrutural caracteriza duas fases de deformação em nível crustal dúctil. A mais antiga (F₁) é responsável pelo desenvolvimento do bandamento gnáissico, enquanto as estruturas da fase (F₂), orientadas segundo a direção N30-60W, indicam esforços compressivos com transporte tectônico de SW para NE. A idade mínima de cristalização do Gnaisse Turvo, definida pelo método Pb-Pb em evaporação de zircão, corresponde a 1651 ± 4 Ma, sendo interpretada como idade de colocação do protólito ígneo. Os dados litogeoquímicos indicam que significativo magmatismo calcioalcalino de alto-K, metaluminoso a peraluminoso, associado à evolução de arcos magmáticos em ambiente de subducção (Orogenia Lomas Manechis - 1,7 a 1,6 Ga), dominava o período estateriano no Terreno Paraguá. A unidade ortognáissica estudada foi posteriormente retrabalhada metamórfica e tectonicamente, durante a Orogenia San Ignácio (1,4 a 1,3 Ga), que provavelmente corresponde à fase de deformação F₂.

Depósitos flúvio-costeiros da Formação Raizama, Ediacarano-Cambriano da faixa Paraguai Norte, região de Nobres, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Depósitos siliciclásticos da Formação Raizama de idade ediacarana-cambriana são expostos descontinuamente ao longo da margem sul do Cráton Amazônico e Faixa Paraguai Norte, centro-oeste do Brasil. Estes depósitos são interpretados por sucessões costeiras progradacionais, sobrepondo em conformidade os depósitos carbonáticos do Grupo Araras. A análise faciológica e estratigráfica da seção aflorante na região de Nobres, Estado do Mato Grosso, permitiu a individualização de dezessete fácies sedimentares agrupadas em cinco associações de fácies (AF): AF1) shoreface inferior consiste de arenitos com laminação plano-paralela e truncada por onda (microhummocky), intercalados por pelitos laminados, e com níveis bioturbados por tubos verticais perfurantes; AF2) shoreface superior, formada por arenitos com estratificação plano-paralela e cruzada swaley; AF3) submaré, composta por arenitos com estratificações cruzadas tangenciais e acanaladas com recobrimentos de siltito/arenito muito fino interpretados como depósitos de canal e barras; AF4) planície de maré é caracterizada por arenitos com estratificação cruzada tangencial e sigmoidal, laminação plano-paralela a cruzada de baixo ângulo, gretas de contração, intercalados por siltititos/arenito muito finos com acamamento flaser, organizados em ciclos de raseamento ascendente; e AF5) fluvial entrelaçado distal é constituída por arenitos com estratificação cruzada acanalada com lags lateralmente descontínuos, estratificações plano-paralelas e cruzadas de baixo-ângulo, parcialmente retrabalhadas por onda. A sedimentação da Formação Raizama indica que o fornecimento de sedimentos siliciclásticos estariam relacionado a soerguimentos no Cráton à noroeste da área estudada, sucedendo os depósitos carbonáticos do Grupo Araras. Traços fósseis tubulares descritos na AF1 indicam, pela primeira vez, a presença de traços fósseis perfurantes sugerindo uma idade deposicional para Formação Raizama mais próxima ao limite Ediacarano-Cambriano.