Classe, raça e acesso ao ensino superior no Brasil

Este artigo apresenta evidências produzidas a partir da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios de 2006 sobre as relações entre classe, raça e acesso ao ensino superior. O objetivo é preencher a lacuna de conhecimento que ainda persiste sobre o tema, a despeito do intenso debate público sobre a adoção de políticas de promoção de acesso equitativo ao ensino superior para negros ou para pobres. Os indicadores apresentados apontam a existência de associações entre classe, raça e acesso ao ensino superior para além dos efeitos das relações entre classe, raça e término do ensino médio. Conclui apontando a necessidade simultânea de quotas sociais e raciais para atingir o objetivo de atacar a desigualdade de acesso à universidade.

O acesso ao ensino superior no contexto da globalização. Os casos do Brasil e de Portugal

O texto objetiva explicitar as convergências e possíveis divergências das políticas de acesso ao ensino superior Brasil/Portugal e evidencia as influências do neoliberalismo e da globalização na constituição de uma agenda global que passa a estruturar caminhos reguladores ao nível das políticas e das ações educacionais. O argumento parte do princípio de que a educação se constitui uma estratégica política para o alcance da hegemonia econômica, política, cultural e ideológica da lógica mercantilista. No contexto brasileiro aborda-se a análise da expansão do ensino superior a partir dos dados do Censo da Educação Superior e da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNDA) que evidenciam a expansão do setor privado. No caso português, corrobora o gerenciamento da União Européia e demonstra a centralidade das matrículas no setor público/estatal e a diminuição do número de matrícula no sistema de ensino superior, exigindo políticas que gerem novas oportunidades de estudo. Por exemplo, o programa Maior de 23 anos, destinado a adultos, cujo percurso académico, social e profissional pode ser objecto de validação e certificação, considerando a promoção de igualdade de oportunidades no acesso a este grau de ensino, atraindo novos públicos, numa lógica de aprendizagem ao longo de toda a vida.

A democratização do acesso ao ensino superior: um estudo sobre o Programa Universidade Para Todos (PROUNI) e sobre o sistema de reservas de cotas de vagas étnico-raciais

Brazil is an extremely unequal country and this inequality has been a permanent characteristic of its economic and social structure. Some scholars generally consider that the economic growth has generated extreme conditions of space and social inequalities, which reveal themselves within Brazil¿s regions, states, rural and urban areas, central and peripheral areas and among its ethnic groups. Such conditions negatively affect the quality of life of the population and will be reflected in the reduction of life expectancy, in the increase of the indexes of infant mortality and illiteracy, amongst other aspects. Education is considered one of the ways to promote the development of a country, however, access to education, specially higher education in Brazil, since it was first implemented, had been limited to a small group of privileged people, the elite of society. Thus, it becomes necessary to extend the access of students to higher education and consequently to generate individuals capable of changing the reality of the place where they live in and as a result, to develop the country. The purpose of this research is to analyze two programs destined to the amplify the access to higher education in Brazil, namely, the University for All Program (ProUni) and the System of Quotas, with the objective to verify at which level their drawings and strategies will allow the democratization of the access to higher education and the reduction of regional inequalities. In order to achieve its objective, the study is initiated with the issue of development and inequalities in Brazil, then it goes through the history of higher education in Brazil and it is finished with the analysis of ProUni and the System of Quotas.

Democratização do acesso ao ensino superior: os cursos de graduação à distância na UFRN

This thesis pursuits to contextualize the theoretical debate between the implementation of public education policy of the Federal Government focused in a distance learning and legal foundations for its enforcement, in order to raise questions and comments on the topic in question. Its importance is back to provide scientific input and can offer to the academy, particularly in the UFRN, and elements of society to question and rethink the complex relationship between the socio-economic and geographic access to higher education. It consists of a descriptive study on the institutionalization of distance education in UFRN as a mechanism for expanding access to higher education, for both, the research seeks to understand if the distance undergraduate courses offered by the UAB system and implemented at UFRN, promote expanding access to higher education, as it is during implementation that the rules, routines and social processes are converted from intentions to action. The discussion of this study lasted between two opposing views of Implementation models: Top-down and Bottom-up. It is worth noting that the documents PNE, PDE and programs and UAB MEETING reflect positively in improving the educational level of the population of the country It is a qualitative study, using the means Bibliographic, Document and Field Study, where they were performed 04 (four) in 2010 interviews with the management framework SEDIS / UAB in UFRN. The data were analyzed and addressed through techniques: Document Analysis and Content Analysis. The results show that the process of implementation of distance education at UFRN is in progress. According to our results, the research objective is achieved, but there was a need to rethink the conditions of the infrastructure of poles, the structure of the academic calendar, the management of the SEDIS UFRN, regarding the expansion of existing vacancies and the supply of new courses by the need for a redesign as the Secretariat's ability to hold the offerings of undergraduate courses offered by the Federal Government to be implemented in the institution. It was also found that levels of evasion still presents a challenge to the teaching model. Given the context, we concluded that the greatest contribution of UAB and consequently UFRN by distance learning for undergraduate courses (Bachelor in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography and Biological Sciences, beyond the bachelor's degrees in Business and Public Administration ) is related to increasing the number of vacancies and accessibility of a population that was previously deprived of access to university

Custo social de oportunidade na trajetória de acesso ao ensino superior: o caso dos ingressantes na UFRN nos vestibulares de 2006 a 2010

Access is a problem of higher education in Brazil that has existed since the formalization of this has occurred since the installation of the Portuguese court in Brazil in 1808. Only 10% of young people between 18 and 24 years of age attending this level of education in 2000, arriving in 2010 just 15%, far from that determined the National Education Plan in 2001, triple that percentage by the year 2010. In addition, a majority of seats of public HEIs is populated by students from the private network, especially in high-demand courses. In this context, this study aims to identify the costs related to the trajectories of students who were successful in the vestibular UFRN editions from 2006 to 2010. Presents an overview of higher education in Brazil, a brief history of vestibular, as well as new forms of access, and some of the policies to expand such access, highlighting the argument Inclusion UFRN. Focusing on the theme of the paper presents the concepts of opportunity costs and social. After collecting data through a questionnaire and consultation of databases COMPERVE was developed to search for a descriptive and analytical, with the participation of 3,995 students, of whom 1642 (41.1%) had completed secondary education in schools public, and 2,078 (52%) in private schools. The profile indicates that 90% are single, about 50% are 21 years of age, are white and female. In the course of preparation for college entrance exams, 80% chose the course during or after completion of the last year of high school, and almost 70% said they had started preparing at that time. Findings related to the costs involved with this preparation indicate that, in most cases there were school fees and disbursements and workshops, and the purchase of books and other materials, with parents primarily responsible for this cost, the amount disbursed each month was up $ 300 for 64% of respondents and only 7% of them exceeded $ 1,000, the major non-financial costs were characterized by the following resignations: job opportunities (24%) or temporary work (20%) courses of languages (26%), leisure activities (48%), leisure travel (43%), and parties and / or shows (54%). Of social investments by the government, stand out in the tax waiver scholarships for study in private institutions, grant exemption from the registration fee of vestibular, the preparatory courses UFRN, and seminars by COMPERVE / UFRN with networks of high school. From the junction of the opportunity costs (private costs) and social costs (public costs), a new concept: the social opportunity cost, which measures the combined efforts of families and government to finance the opportunity to access higher education of an individual. This concept can and should be incorporated as a strategic vector for the sake of democratic university, which reflects the social model that is sought

Política de acesso ao ensino superior: uma análise dos cursinhos pré-vestibulares da Unesp

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Acesso ao ensino superior: a expectativa do aluno surdo do ensino médio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Democratização do acesso ao ensino superior: os cursos de graduação à distância na UFRN

This thesis pursuits to contextualize the theoretical debate between the implementation of public education policy of the Federal Government focused in a distance learning and legal foundations for its enforcement, in order to raise questions and comments on the topic in question. Its importance is back to provide scientific input and can offer to the academy, particularly in the UFRN, and elements of society to question and rethink the complex relationship between the socio-economic and geographic access to higher education. It consists of a descriptive study on the institutionalization of distance education in UFRN as a mechanism for expanding access to higher education, for both, the research seeks to understand if the distance undergraduate courses offered by the UAB system and implemented at UFRN, promote expanding access to higher education, as it is during implementation that the rules, routines and social processes are converted from intentions to action. The discussion of this study lasted between two opposing views of Implementation models: Top-down and Bottom-up. It is worth noting that the documents PNE, PDE and programs and UAB MEETING reflect positively in improving the educational level of the population of the country It is a qualitative study, using the means Bibliographic, Document and Field Study, where they were performed 04 (four) in 2010 interviews with the management framework SEDIS / UAB in UFRN. The data were analyzed and addressed through techniques: Document Analysis and Content Analysis. The results show that the process of implementation of distance education at UFRN is in progress. According to our results, the research objective is achieved, but there was a need to rethink the conditions of the infrastructure of poles, the structure of the academic calendar, the management of the SEDIS UFRN, regarding the expansion of existing vacancies and the supply of new courses by the need for a redesign as the Secretariat's ability to hold the offerings of undergraduate courses offered by the Federal Government to be implemented in the institution. It was also found that levels of evasion still presents a challenge to the teaching model. Given the context, we concluded that the greatest contribution of UAB and consequently UFRN by distance learning for undergraduate courses (Bachelor in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography and Biological Sciences, beyond the bachelor's degrees in Business and Public Administration ) is related to increasing the number of vacancies and accessibility of a population that was previously deprived of access to university

Democratização do acesso ao ensino superior: os cursos de graduação à distância na UFRN

This thesis pursuits to contextualize the theoretical debate between the implementation of public education policy of the Federal Government focused in a distance learning and legal foundations for its enforcement, in order to raise questions and comments on the topic in question. Its importance is back to provide scientific input and can offer to the academy, particularly in the UFRN, and elements of society to question and rethink the complex relationship between the socio-economic and geographic access to higher education. It consists of a descriptive study on the institutionalization of distance education in UFRN as a mechanism for expanding access to higher education, for both, the research seeks to understand if the distance undergraduate courses offered by the UAB system and implemented at UFRN, promote expanding access to higher education, as it is during implementation that the rules, routines and social processes are converted from intentions to action. The discussion of this study lasted between two opposing views of Implementation models: Top-down and Bottom-up. It is worth noting that the documents PNE, PDE and programs and UAB MEETING reflect positively in improving the educational level of the population of the country It is a qualitative study, using the means Bibliographic, Document and Field Study, where they were performed 04 (four) in 2010 interviews with the management framework SEDIS / UAB in UFRN. The data were analyzed and addressed through techniques: Document Analysis and Content Analysis. The results show that the process of implementation of distance education at UFRN is in progress. According to our results, the research objective is achieved, but there was a need to rethink the conditions of the infrastructure of poles, the structure of the academic calendar, the management of the SEDIS UFRN, regarding the expansion of existing vacancies and the supply of new courses by the need for a redesign as the Secretariat's ability to hold the offerings of undergraduate courses offered by the Federal Government to be implemented in the institution. It was also found that levels of evasion still presents a challenge to the teaching model. Given the context, we concluded that the greatest contribution of UAB and consequently UFRN by distance learning for undergraduate courses (Bachelor in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography and Biological Sciences, beyond the bachelor's degrees in Business and Public Administration ) is related to increasing the number of vacancies and accessibility of a population that was previously deprived of access to university

Políticas públicas e direito: democratização do acesso ao Sistema Federal de Ensino Superior

A presente dissertação tem como objeto de pesquisa as políticas públicas de democratização do ensino criadas após a Constituição Federal de 1988. Com as teorias de direito e desenvolvimento e a educação superior como pano de fundo, pretende-se relacionar aspectos do direito e políticas públicas sob o enfoque institucional, buscando compreender a realidade dos programas ProUni, Reuni, Fies e Lei de Cotas. Questiona-se, com base em uma em uma metodologia jurídica das políticas públicas, como são construídos os programas para democratização do acesso ao ensino superior tendo em vista os planos macro, meso e microinstitucional como definido por Bucci e como funcionam as ações governamentais de inclusão nas instituições superiores de ensino público e privado. A pesquisa possibilitou constatar que faltam arranjos mesoinstitucionais que coordenem as políticas, tornando-as complementares e mais coerentes entre si, Não foram encontradas agregações institucionais exclusivas para as políticas de acesso ao ensino superior.

Cursos superiores de tecnologia em gestão: reflexões e implicações da expansão de uma (nova) modalidade de ensino superior em administração no Brasil

A partir da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB), Lei no 9.394/96, a educação profissional tem passado por profundas mudanças no Brasil. Os cursos superiores de tecnologia (CSTs), que existem desde os anos 1970, foram reformulados a fim de atender às demandas atuais do setor produtivo e ampliar o acesso ao ensino superior. As políticas públicas federais têm fomentado o crescimento da oferta da educação profissional tecnológica superior brasileira, em nível de graduação e pós-graduação, o que pode ser observado nos dados censitários. Tal fato suscita a reflexão de algumas questões. O que a expansão desses cursos significa para a área de administração? Em que eles são diferentes dos tradicionais cursos de bacharelado? Qual a importância de analisar essa modalidade de ensino? De forma geral, o que representa para o cenário nacional essa mudança no ensino superior brasileiro? Mediante tais considerações e com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental em dados secundários, este artigo propõe um debate sobre os possíveis impactos desse crescimento para a própria modalidade de ensino, para as instituições ofertantes e para o ensino em administração no Brasil. Por fim, a partir de tais questionamentos, busca-se oferecer elementos para a organização de uma agenda de pesquisas com vistas ao acompanhamento da expansão dos CSTs em administração.

Expetativas académicas dos alunos do ensino superior: construção e validação de uma escala de avaliação

As expetativas académicas que os estudantes apresentam quando ingressam no ensino superior afetam o nível de investimento nas atividades curriculares e no seu desenvolvimento psicossocial. Partindo de uma amostra de 890 alunos, este artigo descreve a construção e validação do Questionário de Perceções Académicas: Expetativas. Teoricamente o questionário era composto por sete dimensões ou domínios de expetativas: formação para o emprego, qualidade da formação, desenvolvimento pessoal, interação social, qualidade da instituição, pressão social, e envolvimento político e cidadania. As análises fatoriais conduzidas vieram, no entanto, confirmar a existência relativamente autónoma e consistente de cinco dessas dimensões, não se confirmando a dimensão da qualidade da instituição e do desenvolvimento pessoal. É possível que, os alunos do 1º ano que estão a ingressar no ensino superior não conheçam suficientemente a instituição e seus serviços para, em torno da sua qualidade, formularem expetativas e, por outro lado, ao nível do self, em virtude das dificuldades socioeconómicas é possível que estes estudantes estejam hoje menos expectantes em relação à sua autonomia. Novos estudos e com amostras mais representativas devem ser realizados de forma a aprofundar os níveis mais elevados de expetativas, em geral, encontrados tomando os alunos mais velhos, do ensino superior politécnico e do ensino noturno.