Remyelination in vitro following protein kinase C activator-induced demyelination.

In previous work we found that mezerein, a C kinase activator, as well as basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) induce demyelination and partial oligodendrocyte dedifferentiation in highly differentiated aggregating brain cell cultures. Here we show that following protein kinase C activator-induced demyelination, effective remyelination occurs. We found that mezerein or FGF-2 caused a transient increase in DNA synthesis following a pronounced decrease of the myelin markers myelin basic protein and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase. Both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes were involved in this mitogenic response. Within 17 days after demyelination, myelin was restored to the level of the untreated controls. Transient mitotic activity was indispensable for remyelination. The present results suggest that myelinating oligodendrocytes retain the capacity to reenter the cell cycle, and that this plasticity is important for the regeneration of the oligodendrocyte lineage and remyelination. Although it cannot be excluded that a quiescent population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells was present in the aggregates and able to proliferate, differentiate and remyelinate, we could not find evidence supporting this view.

Footemineite, the Mn-analog of atencioite, from the Foote mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA, and its relationship with other roscherite-group minerals

Footemineite, ideally Ca2Mn2+square Mn22+Be4(PO4)(6)(OH)(4)-6H(2)O, triclinic, is a new member of the roscherite group. It occurs on thin fractures crossing quartz-microcline-spodumene pegmatite at the Foote mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Associated minerals are albite, analcime, eosphorite, siderite/rhodochrosite, fairfieldite, fluorapatite, quartz, milarite, and pyrite. Footemineite forms prismatic to bladed generally rough to barrel-shaped crystals up to about 1.5 mm long and I mm in diameter. Its color is yellow, the streak is white, and the luster is vitreous to slightly pearly. Footemineite is transparent and non-fluorescent. Twinning is simple, by reflection, with twin boundaries across the length of the crystals. Cleavage is good on {0 (1) over bar1}) and {100}. Density (calc.) is 2.873 g/cm(3). Footemineite is biaxial (-), n(alpha) = 1.620(2), n(beta) = 1.627(2), n(gamma) = 1.634(2) (white light). 2V(obs) = 80 degrees, 2V(calc) = 89.6 degrees. Orientation: X boolean AND b similar to 12 degrees, Y boolean AND c similar to 15 degrees, Z boolean AND a similar to 15 degrees. Elongation direction is c, dispersion: r > v or r < v, weak. Pleochroism: beta (brownish yellow) > alpha = gamma (yellow). Mossbauer and IR spectra are given. The chemical composition is (EDS mode electron microprobe, Li and Be by ICP-OES, Fe3+:Fe2+ y Mossbauer, H2O by TG data, wt%): Li2O 0.23, BeO 9.54, CaO 9.43, SrO 0.23, BaO 0.24, MgO 0.18, MnO 26.16, FeO 2.77, Fe2O3 0.62, Al2O3 0.14, P2O5 36.58, SiO2 0.42, H2O 13.1, total 99.64. The empirical formula is (Ca1.89Sr0.03Ba0.02)Sigma(1.94)(Mn-0.90(2+)square(0.10))Sigma(1.00)(square 0.78Li0.17Mg0.05) Sigma(1.00)(Mn3.252+Fe0.432+ Fe0.093+Al0.03)Sigma(3.80) Be-4.30(P5.81Si0.08O24)[(OH)3.64(H2O)0.36]Sigma(4.00)center dot 6.00H(2)O . The strongest reflection peaks of the powder diffraction pattern [d, angstrom (1, %) (hkl)] are 9.575 (53) (010), 5.998 (100) (0 (1) over bar1), 4.848 (26) (021), 3.192 (44) (210), 3.003 (14) (0 (2) over bar2), 2.803 (38) ((1) over bar 03), 2.650 (29) ((2) over bar 02), 2.424 (14) (231). Single-crystal unit-cell parameters are a = 6.788(2), b = 9.972(3), c = 10.014(2) A, (x = 73.84(2), beta = 85.34(2), gamma = 87.44(2)degrees,V = 648.74 angstrom(3), Z = 1. The space group is P (1) over bar. Crystal structure was refined to R = 0.0347 with 1273 independent reflections (F > 2(5). Footemineite is dimorphous with roscherite, and isostructural with atencioite. It is identical with the mineral from Foote mine described as ""triclinic roscherite."" The name is for the Foote mine, type locality for this and several other minerals.

Estudio económico de América Latina 1974

Incluye Bibliografía

Economic survey of Latin America 1974

Incluye Bibliografía

La circulación mercantil revelada por las guías de aduana de Buenos Aires, 1779-1783

Fil: Jumar, Fernando. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Los espacios portuarios : Un lugar de encuentro entre disciplinas

Tabla de contenidos: "Las villas nuevas" cantábricas en el marco de su primitiva organización territorial : Valles, alfoques, solares y linajes en los enclaves portuarios del litoral marítimo del reino de Castilla entre los siglos XII al XIV / Osvaldo Víctor Pereyra. El puerto Gaditano en el Inico del Ocaso de la Época Colonial [1810-1812] / Luis López Molina. Reflexiones sobre la incidencia del puerto en la vida de la ciudad de Montevideo / Arturo Ariel Bentancur. Los cargadores de cuero del Complejo Portuario Rioplatense / Maximiliano Camarda. El consulado de Buenos Aires y el quiebre de la Monarquía : Los préstamos y contribuciones de los comerciantes, 1808-1816 / Javier Kraselsky. Comercio, orden y derechos de propiedad de un puerto alternativo del Río de La Plata : La boca del Río Salado ebtre dos bloqueos [1838-1848] / Antonio Galarza. Entre el viento y el humo : Embarcaciones, puertos y tripulantes en la provincia de Buenos Aires en los primeros censos nacionales [1869-1914] / José Mateo, José Luis Nogueira. La cuestión del Muelle Nacional y reactivación de Arroyo Pareja / Gustavo Chalier. Génesis y desarrollo de la pesquería de camarón en el puerto de Mazatlán, 1949-1958 : El empresario como centro del engranaje productivo / Ulises Suárez Estavillo. Puertos y embarcaderos en la "Carrera de Paragua" (Siglo XVIII) / Isabel Paredes. La reactivación de los puertos del río Paraná en el discurso del desarrollismo antifrigerista, 1958-1976 / Miguel Angel De Marco. Redescubriendo la ruta hacia el norte : Del puerto de Buenos Aires a Potosí, en las postrimerías del siglo XVIII / María Claudia Errecart. Faenados a contravención : Decomisos de cueros en la Banda oriental durante 1784 y 1785 / Nicolás Biangardi. Fiscalidad en el Antiguo Régimen : Indagaciones en torno a la estructura fiscal del Virreinato del Río de La Plata. El caso de la Real Aduana de Buenos Aires [1776-1810] / María Evangelina Vaccani. La ruta del cacao : Circuito comercial de la élite pamplonesa, Virreinato de Nueva Granada, siglos XVIII-XIV / Lina Constanza Díaz Boada. El turismo como fenómeno económico, soail y cultural : Caso Mazatlán, México / Yasser Orlando Espinoza García, Héctor Manuel Pimienta Fernández. Delitos sexuales en el espacio portuario : Sexualidad y derecho en la encrucijada / Betina Clara Riva. La ciudad y el puerto : Transformaciones de áreas portuarias en desuso. El caso de puerto madero / Claudia Carut. Un Hada en La Boca : Imágenes post modernas de un puerto "inactivo! / Marcelo N. Weissel.