Voces de mujeres de la plebe en el Hospicio de Quito, 1785-1816

Este estudio se propone recuperar las voces de algunas mujeres presas en el Hospicio Jesús, María y José, fundado en Quito en 1786, en el marco de las políticas sociales borbónicas de control de la población marginal de la ciudad. El Hospicio, creado para recluir a sujetos considerados improductivos –fundamentalmente, pobres-mendigos, ociosos y lazarinos–, también castigó con el encierro a mujeres imputadas de transgresiones sociales, con la intensión de redimirlas a partir del trabajo en la producción textil. Bajo la perspectiva de los nuevos enfoques respecto al concepto de control social, se pueden identificar algunos mecanismos que activaron las mujeres presas para elevar reclamos cuando percibían injusticias o para demandar su libertad. Esta perspectiva permite abordar el tema del control social bajo una doble visión: la forma como se proyecta el control desde «arriba», articulando diversas instancias de autoridad, y las respuestas de los sectores subalternos «desde abajo», activando no solo mecanismos de resistencia, sino también de agencia.

El pardillo : Cuentos pintados para niños

Cuentos pintados para niños.

Plan uchastka kolfonda "Zh" Mikhaĭlovskogo raĭona Krivorogskogo okruga ploshchadiʻ︠u︡ 868 desi︠a︡tin

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1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate: a novel ionic liquid containing a rigid, planar energetic anion

The novel ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate has been synthesized and exhibits an unexpectedly low melting point (35 degreesC) considering the size and shape of the rigid, planar anion; analogous tetraalkylammonium salts (methyl, ethyl and n-butyl) have also been prepared and the tetraethylammonium example was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Measurements, modeling and simulation of the off-body radio channel for the implementation of bodyworn antenna diversity at 868 MHz

This paper presents a systematic measurement campaign of diversity reception techniques for use in multiple-antenna wearable systems operating at 868 MHz. The experiments were performed using six time-synchronized bodyworn receivers and considered mobile off-body communications in an anechoic chamber, open office area and a hallway. The cross-correlation coefficient between the signal fading measured by bodyworn receivers was dependent upon the local environment and typically below 0.7. All received signal envelopes were combined in post-processing to study the potential benefits of implementing receiver diversity based upon selection combination, equal-gain and maximal-ratio combining. It is shown that, in an open office area, the 5.7 dB diversity gain obtained using a dual-branch bodyworn maximal-ratio diversity system may be further improved to 11.1 dB if a six-branch system was used. First-and second-order theoretical equations for diversity reception techniques operating in Nakagami fading conditions were used to model the postdetection combined envelopes. Maximum likelihood estimates of the Nakagami-parameter suggest that the fading conditions encountered in this study were generally less severe than Rayleigh. The paper also describes an algorithm that may be used to simulate the measured output of an M-branch diversity combiner operating in independent and identically-distributed Nakagami fading environments.

Signal Reliability Improvement Using Selection Combining Based Macro-Diversity for Off-Body Communications At 868 MHz

This paper investigates the potential improvement in signal reliability for outdoor short-range off-body communications channels at 868 MHz using the macro-diversity offered by multiple co-located base stations. In this study, ten identical hypothetical base stations were positioned equidistantly around the perimeter of a rectangle of length 6.67 m and width 3.3 m. A body worn node was placed on the central chest region of an adult male. Five scenarios, each considering different user trajectories, were then analyzed to test the efficacy of using macro-diversity when the desired link is subject to shadowing caused by the human body. A number of selection combining based macro-diversity configurations consisting of four and then ten base stations were considered. It was found that using a macro-diversity system consisting of four base stations (or equivalently signal branches), a maximum diversity gain of 22.5 dB could be obtained while implementing a 10-base station setup this figure could be improved to 25.2 dB.

Age model, isotope analyses, geochemical measurements and grain size analyses of sediment core GeoB9508-5 from the Senegal River Mouth

The influence of the large-scale ocean circulation on Sahel rainfall is elusive because of the shortness of the observational record. We reconstructed the history of eolian and fluvial sedimentation on the continental slope off Senegal during the past 57,000 years. Our data show that abrupt onsets of arid conditions in the West African Sahel were linked to cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures during times of reduced meridional overturning circulation associated with Heinrich Stadials. Climate modeling suggests that this drying is induced by a southward shift of the West African monsoon trough in conjunction with an intensification and southward expansion of the midtropospheric African Easterly Jet.