Correlates of objectively measured physical activity in preadolescent youth

Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the psychosocial and environmental correlates of objectively measured physical activity behavior in a diverse sample of sixth-grade students. Design Cross-sectional. Participants and Setting One hundred ninety-eight sixth-grade students from 4 public middle schools in Columbia, South Carolina. The study group was 52.0% female, 55.1% African-American, with a mean age of 11.4 +/- 0.6 years. Main Outcome Measures Time spent in moderate physical activity (MPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) was assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer (CSA WAM 7164) (Computer Science and Applications Inc., Shalimar, FL). Determinant variables included: age, gender, race/ethnicity (demographic); physical activity self-efficacy, social norms related to physical activity, and beliefs regarding physical activity outcomes (psychosocial); and perceived physical activity habits of parents and peers, involvement in community physical activity organizations, involvement in community-based sports programs, access to fitness/sporting equipment at home, and self-reported hours spent watching television or playing video games (environmental). Results For boys, physical activity self-efficacy, social norms related to physical activity, and involvement in community physical activity organizations were salient predictors of MPA and VPA. Among girls, only physical activity self-efficacy emerged as a clear predictor of objectively measured physical activity. Conclusions These findings are consistent with previous studies using self-reported physical activity and suggest that interventions to increase physical. activity in preadolescent youth should endeavor to boost physical activity self-efficacy by offering a wide selection of enjoyable, developmentally-appropriate physical activity options.

Essays in health economics: Volume-Outcome Effect, upcoding behaviour and the evaluation of a short-term intervention program

Evidence in the literature suggests a negative relationship between volume of medical procedures and mortality rates in the health care sector. In general, high-volume hospitals appear to achieve lower mortality rates, although considerable variation exists. However, most studies focus on US hospitals, which face different incentives than hospitals in a National Health Service (NHS). In order to add to the literature, this study aims to understand what happens in a NHS. Results reveal a statistically significant correlation between volume of procedures and better outcomes for the following medical procedures: cerebral infarction, respiratory infections, circulatory disorders with AMI, bowel procedures, cirrhosis, and hip and femur procedures. The effect is explained with the practice-makes-perfect hypothesis through static effects of scale with little evidence of learning-by-doing. The centralization of those medical procedures is recommended given that this policy would save a considerable number of lives (reduction of 12% in deaths for cerebral infarction).

Evaluación institucional de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología de la Universidad de Granada.

Está dentro del marco de las meras experiencias españolas y europeas de evaluación de modelos de gestión universitaria que ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de sistemas de corrección para mejorar los aspectos docentes, investigadores y de gestión de los recursos disponibles. Se trata de una evaluación interna, formativa, global y un diseño de estudio de casos. Este modelo consta de dos niveles o fases. La comunidad educativa se muestra favorable a intensificar las relaciones a intensificar las relaciones institucionales de la facultad como medio de promocionar los estudios y las salidas profesionales de los Licenciados. Son muy pocos los alumnos y profesores que participan en actividades extrauniversitarias. En cuanto a instalaciones hay una valoración negativa; la dotación económica los recursos provenientes del Rectorado son claramente insuficientes; en términos generales mejora curricular del profesorado y son mas numerosos los profesores en 1998.los profesores realizan publicaciones, participan en congresos, investigaciones, etcétera. Por ello, podemos decir que los profesores están hoy más formados , realizan más actividades de investigación y tienen más experiencias , cualidades que deberían reflejarse en una mayor calidad de la enseñanza; en cuanto al alumnado, casi sus tres cuartas partes eligen la carrera en primear opcion, lo cual hace pensar que todavía es elevado el número de alumnos que cursan sus estudios en la facultad por no haber sido admitidos en otra licenciatura. Destaca la escasa satisfacción que estos alumnos de nuevo ingreso manifiestan con el trato y la información recibida con respecto a 1992 se ha producido un gran retroceso en los hábitos y formas de estudio de los alumnos. El tiempo dedicado a los estudios ha disminuido y reducido el porcentaje de los que estudian regularmente, incrementándose el de los que sólo estudian para los exámenes.

Rietveld analyses and piezoelectric properties of niobium doped bismuth titanate systems

Bi 4Ti 3- xNbxO 12 (BITNb) samples, with × ranging from 0 to 0.40 were obtained using a polymeric precursor solution. Rietveld analyses confirmed that the powders crystallize in an orthorhombic structure free of secondary phases with space group Fmmm. Raman analysis evidenced a sharp increase in the bands intensity located at 129 cm -1 and 190 cm -1 due the lattice distortion in BIT02Nb and BIT04Nb compositions. UV-vis spectra indicated that addition of niobium causes a reduction of defects in the BIT lattice due the suppression of oxygen vacancies located at BO-6 octahedral. Size and morphology of particles as well as electrical behavior of BIT ceramics were affected by addition of donor dopant. Polarization reversal was investigated by applying dc voltage through a conductive tip during the area scanning and was investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). PFM measurements revealed a decrease in piezoelectric response with increasing Nb concentration originating from a reduced polarizability along the a-axis. High spontaneous polarization is noted for the less doped sample due the reduction of strain energy and pin charged defects after niobium addition. Copyright © 2010 American Scientific Publishers.

Literature Review on the Quirimbas National Park, Northern Mozambique

Forschungspraktikum zu Entwicklung und Umwelt: Literature Review on the Quirimbas National Park, Northern Mozambique