Program-bladet : tidning för Helsingfors teatrar och konserter

Program-Bladet, joka ilmestyi vuosina 1882 sekä 1892-1916, on kiinnostava aikansa kulttuurielämän tutkimuksen lähde. Lehdessä kerrotaan yksityiskohtaiset tiedot Helsingissä järjestetyistä teatteriesityksistä ja konserteista sekä näissä esiintyneistä taiteilijoista. Helsinkiläisten liikeyritysten ilmoituksia ja mainoksia on runsaasti, ja lehdessä kerrotaan myös teatteri- ja konserttimaailman pieniä uutisia.

De la crisis finisecular al regeneracionismo pedagógico : Ortega y Gasset y Eugenio D'Ors, dos modelos culturalistas (1898-1914).

Aplicando la teoría orteguiana de las generaciones, podemos empezar diciendo que tanto Ortega como DïOrs se inscriben, por derecho propio, en el marco histórico de la generación de 1914, en aquel grupo de intelectuales que aún compartiendo muchos aspectos de la generación del 98, en especial, su voluntad regeneracionista, propugnaron sendas pedagogías culturalistas que, en síntesis, se presentan con la voluntad de idealizar y si se quiere espiritualizar sus respectivos proyectos de reforma, Ortega articuló un culturalismo ético y moral que presenta una clara vocación con connotaciones normativas al exigir la presencia de fines educativos. Su ideario es educar a las masas desde arriba. Desengañado de la filosofía neokantiana había evolucionado hacia una filosofía propia que enfatizaba la dimensión vital de la existencia humana. La regeneración partía de desmarcarse de la vieja política de la Restauración , defiende el humanismo liberal y la nacionalización con e fin de alcanzar la vertebración de España. Por su parte DïOrs es consciente de que si se quería modernizar Cataluña había que partir de Goethe. Este autor estaba llamado a ser el educador perpetuo de una Cataluña moderna y civilista que, por encima de todo, deseaba instaurar un orden político y social, de inequívocas connotaciones neoclásicas. Nadie mejor que Goethe para conseguir estos propósitos, pero se quebraron porque ni Cataluña era Weimar, ni DïOrs (fallecido Prat de la Riba en 1917, Presidente de la Generalitat catalana) pudo continuar su papel de consejero aúlico.

Avaliação do vigor de sementes de rúcula pelo teste de lixiviação de potássio

The objective of this study was to evaluate methodologies for the potassium leaching test and to verify its sensitivity for identifying different levels of vigor of arugula seed lots. Five seed lots each of Rucula Cultivada and Rucula Gigante were used. Standard germination, first count of germination, seedling emergence and variations of the potassium leaching test (50 or 100 seeds imbibed in 50 mL or 75 mL in water; at 25 °C and 30 °C; for 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 2.5 h, 3, 4 and 5 hours) were done. It was observed that the period seeds need to be soaked can be reduced to 2 hours and the water volume can be reduced to 50 mL. The utilization of 50 seeds showed a smaller variation coefficient and the best temperature was 30 °C. It can be concluded that the potassium leaching test for arugula seeds can be run using 50 seeds in 50 mL of water for 2 hours at 30 °C.

Long-term hydrological dynamics and fire history over the last 2000 years in CE Europe reconstructed from a high-resolution peat archive

Sphagnum peatlands in the oceanic-continental transition zone of Poland are currently influenced by climatic and anthropogenic factors that lead to peat desiccation and susceptibility to fire. Little is known about the response of Sphagnum peatland testate amoebae (TA) to the combined effects of drought and fire. To understand the relationships between hydrology and fire dynamics, we used high-resolution multi-proxy palaeoecological data to reconstruct 2000 years of mire history in northern Poland. We employed a new approach for Polish peatlands – joint TA-based water table depth and charcoal-inferred fire activity reconstructions. In addition, the response of most abundant TA hydrological indicators to charcoal-inferred fire activity was assessed. The results show four hydrological stages of peatland development: moderately wet (from ∼35 BC to 800 AD), wet (from ∼800 to 1390 AD), dry (from ∼1390 to 1700 AD) and with an instable water table (from ∼1700 to 2012 AD). Fire activity has increased in the last millennium after constant human presence in the mire surroundings. Higher fire activity caused a rise in the water table, but later an abrupt drought appeared at the onset of the Little Ice Age. This dry phase is characterized by high ash contents and high charcoal-inferred fire activity. Fires preceded hydrological change and the response of TA to fire was indirect. Peatland drying and hydrological instability was connected with TA community changes from wet (dominance of Archerella flavum, Hyalosphenia papilio, Amphitrema wrightianum) to dry (dominance of Cryptodifflugia oviformis, Euglypha rotunda); however, no clear fire indicator species was found. Anthropogenic activities can increase peat fires and cause substantial hydrology changes. Our data suggest that increased human fire activity was one of the main factors that influenced peatland hydrology, though the mire response through hydrological changes towards drier conditions was delayed in relation to the surrounding vegetation changes.