Documentation, profile descriptions and analytical results of loes profiles from Bavaria, southern Germany

This study investigates the landscape evolution and soil development in the loess area near Regensburg between approximately 6000-2000 yr BP (radiocarbon years), Eastern Bavaria. The focus is on the question how man and climate influenced landscape evolution and what their relative significance was. The theoretical background concerning the factors that controlled prehistoric soil erosion in Middle Europe is summarized with respect to rainfall intensity and distribution, pedogenesis, Pleistocene relief, and prehistoric farming. Colluvial deposits , flood loams, and soils were studied at ten different and representative sites that served as archives of their respective palaeoenvironments. Geomorphological, sedimentological, and pedological methods were applied. According to the findings presented here, there was a high asynchronity of landscape evolution in the investigation area, which was due to prehistoric land-use patterns. Prehistoric land use and settlement caused highly difIerenciated phases of morphodynamic activity and stability in time and space. These are documented at the single catenas ofeach site. In general, Pleistocene relief was substantially lowered. At the same time smaller landforms such as dells and minor asymmetric valleys filled up and strongly transformed. However, there were short phases at many sites, forming short lived linear erosion features ('Runsen'), resulting from exceptional rainfalls. These forms are results of single events without showing regional trends. Generally, the onset of the sedimentation of colluvial deposits took place much earlier (usually 3500 yr BP (radiocarbon) and younger) than the formation of flood loams. Thus, the deposition of flood loams in the Kleine Laaber river valley started mainly as a consequence of iron age farming only at around 2500 yr BP (radiocarbon). A cascade system explains the different ages of colluvial deposits and flood loams: as a result of prehistoric land use, dells and other minor Pleistocene landforms were filled with colluvial sediments. After the filling of these primary sediment traps , eroded material was transported into flood plains, thus forming flood loams. But at the moment we cannot quantify the extent ofprehistoric soil erosion in the investigation area. The three factors that controlled the prehistoric Iandscapc evolution in the Ioess area near Regensburg are as follows: 1. The transformation from a natural to a prehistoric cultural landscape was the most important factor: A landscape with stable relief was changed into a highly morphodynamic one with soil erosion as the dominant process of this change. 2. The sediment traps of the pre-anthropogenic relief determined where the material originated from soil erosion was deposited: either sedimentation took place on the slopes or the filled sediment traps of the slopes rendered flood loam formation possible. Climatic influence of any importance can only be documented as the result of land use in connection with singular and/or statistic events of heavy rainfalls. Without human impact, no significant change in the Holocene landscape would have been possible.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 317]

Foi discutido na Comissão de Sistematização o artigo 14 que trata de lei complementar que irá cuidar da estrutura e funcionamento da Procuradoria Geral da União. Os atuais assistentes jurídicos da Fazenda e das Autarquias Federais passam a integrar a carreira de procurador da União. O Deputado Antônio Perosa (PMDB-SP) considera que o artigo gera um "trem da alegria". O Deputado Celso Dourado (PMDB-BA) acredita que se a contratação dos assistentes não for efetivada, haverá concurso público, causando ônus. O Deputado Plínio Arruda Sampaio (PT-SP) explica que o artigo foi rejeitado, porque a medida não pode ser tomada de modo acelerado. O Deputado Antônio Brito (PMDB-RS) comenta sobre a reunião entre os líderes, para decidir alguns assuntos como as mudanças na aposentadoria. O Deputado Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM), relator da Comissão de Sistematização, diz que no balanço geral, o relatório teve aprovação entre 95 a 97% no texto com algumas alterações. O Senador Mauro Benevides (PMDB-CE), presidente em exercício da Assembléia Nacional Constituinte (ANC), relata a respeito dos novos prazos. Adib Jatene, diretor do Incor fala da angioplastia realizada no presidente da ANC, Deputado Ulysses Guimarães (PMDB-SP). O Deputado Marcelo Cordeiro (PMDB-BA), 1º Secretário-Geral da Constituinte, espera que Ulysses Guimarães irá presidir o inicío dos trabalhos no Plenário.

Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and NBS1-dependent phosphorylation of Chk1 on Ser-317 in response to ionizing radiation

In mammals, the ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated) and ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) protein kinases function as critical regulators of the cellular DNA damage response. The checkpoint functions of ATR and ATM are mediated, in part, by a pair of checkpoint effector kinases termed Chk1 and Chk2. In mammalian cells, evidence has been presented that Chk1 is devoted to the ATR signaling pathway and is modified by ATR in response to replication inhibition and UV-induced damage, whereas Chk2 functions primarily through ATM in response to ionizing radiation (IR), suggesting that Chk2 and Chk1 might have evolved to channel the DNA damage signal from ATM and ATR, respectively. We demonstrate here that the ATR-Chk1 and ATM-Chk2 pathways are not parallel branches of the DNA damage response pathway but instead show a high degree of cross-talk and connectivity. ATM does in fact signal to Chk1 in response to IR. Phosphorylation of Chk1 on Ser-317 in response to IR is ATM-dependent. We also show that functional NBS1 is required for phosphorylation of Chk1, indicating that NBS1 might facilitate the access of Chk1 to ATM at the sites of DNA damage. Abrogation of Chk1 expression by RNA interference resulted in defects in IR-induced S and G(2)/M phase checkpoints; however, the overexpression of phosphorylation site mutant (S317A, S345A or S317A/S345A double mutant) Chk1 failed to interfere with these checkpoints. Surprisingly, the kinase-dead Chk1 (D130A) also failed to abrogate the S and G(2) checkpoint through any obvious dominant negative effect toward endogenous Chk1. Therefore, further studies will be required to assess the contribution made by phosphorylation events to Chk1 regulation. Overall, the data presented in the study challenge the model in which Chk1 only functions downstream from ATR and indicate that ATM does signal to Chk1. In addition, this study also demonstrates that Chk1 is essential for IR-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis and the G(2)/M checkpoint.

José Luís Forneiro, El romancero tradicional de Galicia: una poesía entre dos lenguas ("Biblioteca Mítica", 3) Oiartzun (guipuzkoa), Sendoa, 2000, 317 pp.

O estudio do romanceiro de Galicia vén merecendo unha atención especial tanto dentro como fóra do país [pénsese nas análises de A. Valenciano (1998) ou A. Requeixo (1996), entre outras].

Les filles de marbre : drame en cinq actes, mêlé de chant. [Suivi de] Le cousin du Roi : comédie en un acte, en vers. Livr. 317 / par MM. Théodore Barrière et Lambert Thiboust... ; par MM. Philoxène Boyer et Théodore de Banville

Collection : Théâtre contemporain illustré ; 316e et 317e livraisons

Índice bibliográfico de la revista de educación de los números 315-317. Año 1998.

Incluye cuatro tipos de índices que facilitan la búsqueda de los artículos publicados desde los números 315 a 317. En el primer índice, los artículos se agrupan por notaciones de la Clasificación Decimal Universal (CDU) y en los siguientes por orden alfabético de autores, títulos y descriptores o materias.