1000 resultados para 710 Landscaping
Constructing Competitive Advantage: The Evolution of State R&D Investment Funds in the United States
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Seit 2008 arbeiten vermehrt Roma-Frauen (Romnija) aus dem Nordosten Ungarns in westeuropischen Stdten auf dem Straenstrich. Sie haben in den Jahren davor mit ihren Krpern Prostitutionsorte in Ungarn konstituiert bis schlielich die Prostitutionsverordnung von staatlicher Seite neu interpretiert wurde. Heute verndern sie Rume in Stdten wie Amsterdam und Zrich. Mit ihrer Entscheidung, Sex an legalen Orten in Europa anzubieten, versuchen sie ihre Familien finanziell zu untersttzen. So wurden sie von einer durch ein patriarchalisches System geprgten Romni zur transnationa-len Mutter, Arbeitsmigrantin, Auslnderin und Sexarbeiterin. Diese neue Wirklichkeit fhrte nicht nur zu rumlichen Vernderungen an den verschiedensten Orten in Europa, sondern auch zu einem Wandel mit ethnischen, sozialen und geschlechterspezifischen Dimensionen.
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Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit Sprache als Mittel der Grenzberschreitung in multikulturellen Regionen der Slowakei und Serbiens. Es wird aufgezeigt, welche Rolle Sprache in den inter-ethnischen Beziehungen in Ostmitteleuropa spielt, welche Hrden existieren und aufgebaut werden, gleichzeitig aber auch, wie diese abgebaut werden knnen, oder versucht wird, diese abzubauen. Es geht dabei erstens um die Problematik des Sprachunterrichts in geteilten, multikulturellen Gesellschaften sowie den Herausforderungen fr Minderheiten in diesem Zusammenhang. In einem zweiten Schritt werden Initiativen der Zivilgesellschaft diskutiert und dabei Mglichkeiten aufgezeigt, wie Grenzen mithilfe von Sprache gerade in einem politisch heiklen Umfeld berwunden werden knnen.
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Regional and rural development policies in Europe increasingly emphasize entrepreneurship to mobilize the endogenous economic potential of rural territories. This study develops a concept to quantify entrepreneurship as place-dependent local potential to examine its impact on the local economic performance of rural territories in Switzerland. The short-to-medium-term impact of entrepreneurship on the economic performance of 1706 rural municipalities in Switzerland is assessed by applying three spatial random effects models. Results suggest a generally positive relationship between entrepreneurship and local development: rural municipalities with higher entrepreneurial potential generally show higher business tax revenues per capita and a lower share of social welfare cases among the population, although the impact on local employment is less clear. The explanatory power of entrepreneurship in all three models, however, was only moderate. This finding suggests that political expectations of fostering entrepreneurship to boost endogenous rural development in the short-to-medium term should be damped.
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Mayer H. Entrepreneurship in a hub-and-spoke industrial district: firm survey evidence from Seattle's technology industry, Regional Studies. The paper investigates entrepreneurial dynamics in a hub-and-spoke industrial district. Using data on the genealogy of high-technology firms in Seattle, Washington State, the study examines the ways in which entrepreneurial firms relate to their parent firms and the role of agglomeration economies. The results illustrate that entrepreneurship is an important vehicle for the diversification of such a district. When compared, hub-related spinoffs such as those founded by former Microsoft employees do not differ much from other start-ups. The differences between Microsoft spinoffs and start-ups are very limited; both diversify the regional economy by entering new markets when compared with their parents.
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This paper examines how a second-tier high-technology region leveraged corporate assetsmostly from transnational firmsin building a knowledge-based economy. The paper reviews how firm building and entrepreneurship influence the evolution of a peripheral regional economy. Using a case study of Boise, Idaho (the US), the research highlights several important sources of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial firm formation is closely linked with a region's ability to grow incubator organizations, particularly innovative firms. These innovative firms provide the training ground for entrepreneurs. Firms, however, differ and the ways in which firm building activities influence regional entrepreneurship depend on firm strategy and organization. Thus, second-tier high-tech regions in the US are taking a different path than their well-known counterparts such as Silicon Valley or Route 128 around Boston.
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This paper describes the role of small and medium-sized urban centers in Switzerland. Switzerland is a highly urbanized country where small and medium-sized urban centers play an important role in ensuring a balanced national urban system. Besides the four largest metropolitan regions Zurich, Geneva, Basel and Bern, small and medium-sized towns function as central places for a wider, often extensive hinterland. They provide opportunities for living and working and they connect rural and mountain regions to national and international networks. Using secondary statistics and a case study, the paper shows that small and medium-sized urban centers are home to significant concentrations of export-oriented industries. Firms in these value-adding secondary sectors are rooted in these places and benefit from strong local embeddedness while also being oriented towards global markets. Small and medium-sized urban centers also profit from their strong local identities. While these places face various challenges, they function as important pillars in creating a balanced regional development pattern. Swiss regional development policy follows the goal of polycentric spatial development and it employs various instruments that aim to ensure a balanced urban system.
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This article develops the concept of Functional Regulatory Space (FRS) in order to analyze the new forms of State action addressing (super) wicked problems. A FRS simultaneously spans several policy sectors, institutional territories and levels of government. It suggests integrating previous policy theories that focused on boundary-spanning regime, territorial institutionalism or multi-level governance. The FRS concept is envisaged as a Weberian ideal-type of State action and is applied to the empirical study of two European cases of potential FRS: the integrated management of water basins and the regulation of the European sky through functional airspace blocks. It will be concluded that the current airspace regulation does match the ideal-type of FRS any better than the water resource regulation does. The next research step consists in analyzing the genesis and institutionalization of potential FRS addressing other (super) wicked problems such as climate change and economic, security, health and immigration issues in different institutional contexts as well as at various levels of governance.
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Az llami intzmnyek tereket hoznak ltre azltal, hogy meghatrozott terletekre vonatkozan szablyokat vagy normkat rnak el. Az ott l, tevkenyked emberek hasznljk e tereket, stratgikat alkotnak, alkalmazkodnak a trvnyekhez s piaci viszonyokhoz, kiskapukat keresnek, hogy meglhetsket, tllsket biztostsk. Ekzben k maguk is olyan tereket hoznak ltre, amelyeket a trsadalom szimbolikusan rtkel vagy stigmatizl. De a terek maguk is alaktjk az embereket, lehetsget biztostanak szmukra, hogy alkalmazkodjanak a felttelekhez, amivel ugyanakkor megteremtik a trsadalmi vltozsok alapjait akrhogyan is alakuljanak e vltozsok. A mdiban, a prostitcirl szl hrekben a fszereplk jellemzen httrben maradnak, e tanulmny nekik szentel figyelmet. Ezzel egyidejleg a szerz megksreli a magyarorszgi nyilvnos tereken zajl prostitcit Budapest, Pcs s Nyregyhza legklnflbb terein megvizsglni.
