Response of a buried tunnel to surface blast using different numerical techniques

This paper presents a comparative study on the response of a buried tunnel to surface blast using the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) and smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) techniques. Since explosive tests with real physical models are extremely risky and expensive, the results of a centrifuge test were used to validate the numerical techniques. The numerical study shows that the ALE predictions were faster and closer to the experimental results than those from the SPH simulations which over predicted the strains. The findings of this research demonstrate the superiority of the ALE modelling techniques for the present study. They also provide a comprehensive understanding of the preferred ALE modelling techniques which can be used to investigate the surface blast response of underground tunnels.

模态逻辑公式为见证的互模拟等价判定

判定两个进程是否具有某种等价关系，是形式化验证的重要组成部分，很多种等价关系被定义出来以满足不同的验证需求，强互模拟等价和分支互模拟等价是其中两个重要的两种等价关系。强互模拟等价可以用HML(Hennessy-Milner Logic)逻辑刻画，分支互模 拟等价可以用HMLU(HML with Until)等逻辑刻画。两个模型不能强互模拟等价或者分支互模拟等价时，存在一个作为见证的相应逻辑描述的公式，该公式只能被其中一个模型满足，称之为诊断公式。诊断公式的意义在于有助于分析理解模型为什么不具有相应的等价关系，给出诊断公式是对判定算法有意义的扩充。修改后的PT(Paige-Tarjan)算法可以用于计算有限状态进程之间的强互模 拟等价关系，修改后的GV(Groote-Vaandrager)算法可以用于计算分支互模拟，对它们相应的扩充可以为不能强互模拟等价或分支互模拟等价的进程生成诊断公式。 主要工作如下：分析为强互模拟等价和分支互模拟等价生成诊断公式的方法。设计处理有限状态进程表达式并将其转化为标号迁移系统的算法。扩展PT 算法，使其适用于标号迁移系统，并在判定强互模拟等价的过程中为不能强互模拟的进程生成HML 描述的诊断公式。扩展GV 算法，使其能够在判定标号迁移系统上分支互模拟的同时，为不能分支互模拟的进程生成HMLU 描述的诊断公式。

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Amostragem seqüential (presença-ausência) para Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) na cultura do milho

The sequential sampling of insect pests (presence-absence) has become important in the last years, specially when the insects are difficult to be quantified. To solve this problem in relation to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), a sequential sampling plan was developed. The sample unit was evaluated considering the presence or absence of the insect, independently of its total number. The experiment was conducted in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, in three fields of 0.5 ha divided in 100 plots of 50 m2 (5 × 10 m). Each plot was identified with a number from 1 to 100. A threshold level of 20% was assumed to set the sampling plan. The analyzed data allowed two lines to be generated: the superior one, representing the condition in chemical control is recommended (S1=1.7095+0.1452N); and the inferior one, when chemical control is not recommended (S0=-1.7095+0.1452N). The sequential sampling was efficient to indicate if control of S. frugiperda on corn crop was necessary or not.

Pseudotyping of vesicular stomatitis virus with the envelope glycoproteins of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Pseudotype viruses are useful for studying the envelope proteins of harmful viruses. This work describes the pseudotyping of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) with the envelope glycoproteins of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. VSV lacking the homotypic glycoprotein (G) gene (VSVΔG) was used to express haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) or the combination of both. Propagation-competent pseudotype viruses were only obtained when HA and NA were expressed from the same vector genome. Pseudotype viruses containing HA from different H5 clades were neutralized specifically by immune sera directed against the corresponding clade. Fast and sensitive reading of test results was achieved by vector-mediated expression of GFP. Pseudotype viruses expressing a mutant VSV matrix protein showed restricted spread in IFN-competent cells. This pseudotype system will facilitate the detection of neutralizing antibodies against virulent influenza viruses, circumventing the need for high-level biosafety containment.

Martha Pohl, Ganzfigurbildnis

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F01531

An analysis of clinical characteristics in genetically linked migraine-affected pedigrees

Migraine is a common complex disorder characterized by severe recurrent headache and usually accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Previous studies in our laboratory have utilized three large multigenerational Australian pedigrees affected with migraine to indicate that the disease is genetically heterogeneous, with linkage results implicating genomic susceptibility regions on both chromosomes 19p and Xq. The present study explores the possibility of a correlation between genetic and clinical heterogeneity in these affected pedigrees. Specifically, the clinical characteristics of migraine including subtype, age of onset, frequency, duration, and disease symptoms were compared between the migraine pedigrees, and gender differences were also assessed. Our exploratory analyses revealed no significant differences in any of the clinical characteristics tested between the chromosome 19-linked family and the two X-linked families. Also, we did not detect any differences in male vs. female clinical features for these pedigrees. In conclusion, migraine is considered to be a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder; however, our study provided no conclusive evidence that variation in genomic susceptibility region is related to heterogeneity at the clinical level in these migraine-affected pedigrees.