微囊藻毒素LR诱导无DNA片断化的细胞凋亡

目的研究微囊藻毒素(microcystin,MC)损伤肝细胞的毒性机制。方法以不同浓度的微囊藻毒素LR(MCLR)处理L-02肝细胞,通过光镜和电镜下的形态观察、DNA片断化分析、线粒体膜电位变化等了解MCLR对肝细胞的毒性效应。结果光镜下观察表明,50!g/mlMCLR处理可使细胞变圆、萎缩、不贴壁生长,电镜下L-02细胞呈现皱缩、膜发泡及染色质凝聚并边缘化等变化,这是典型的细胞凋亡形态特征,但电镜下没有观察到凋亡小体的形成;DNA电泳表明凋亡细胞没有出现明显的DNAladder,与电镜观察的结果一致。

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Photodynamic Antimicrobial Effects of Malachite Green on Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Candida

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cross-Layer Optimizations for Multimedia Distribution over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks and Flying Ad-Hoc Networks with Quality of Experience Support

The proliferation of multimedia content and the demand for new audio or video services have fostered the development of a new era based on multimedia information, which allowed the evolution of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) and also Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs). In this way, live multimedia services require real-time video transmissions with a low frame loss rate, tolerable end-to-end delay, and jitter to support video dissemination with Quality of Experience (QoE) support. Hence, a key principle in a QoE-aware approach is the transmission of high priority frames (protect them) with a minimum packet loss ratio, as well as network overhead. Moreover, multimedia content must be transmitted from a given source to the destination via intermediate nodes with high reliability in a large scale scenario. The routing service must cope with dynamic topologies caused by node failure or mobility, as well as wireless channel changes, in order to continue to operate despite dynamic topologies during multimedia transmission. Finally, understanding user satisfaction on watching a video sequence is becoming a key requirement for delivery of multimedia content with QoE support. With this goal in mind, solutions involving multimedia transmissions must take into account the video characteristics to improve video quality delivery. The main research contributions of this thesis are driven by the research question how to provide multimedia distribution with high energy-efficiency, reliability, robustness, scalability, and QoE support over wireless ad hoc networks. The thesis addresses several problem domains with contributions on different layers of the communication stack. At the application layer, we introduce a QoE-aware packet redundancy mechanism to reduce the impact of the unreliable and lossy nature of wireless environment to disseminate live multimedia content. At the network layer, we introduce two routing protocols, namely video-aware Multi-hop and multi-path hierarchical routing protocol for Efficient VIdeo transmission for static WMSN scenarios (MEVI), and cross-layer link quality and geographical-aware beaconless OR protocol for multimedia FANET scenarios (XLinGO). Both protocols enable multimedia dissemination with energy-efficiency, reliability and QoE support. This is achieved by combining multiple cross-layer metrics for routing decision in order to establish reliable routes.

Bericht über eine zoologische Excursion nach Seeresen im Juni 1886

Von G. Brischke