Depth, age, strontium isotopic ratios and trace elemental ratios of samples from thirteen DSDP and ODP holes

Large variations exist between published mid-Cretaceous (late Barremian to early Turonian stages) seawater Sr-isotope stratigraphies; this has resulted in disparate interpretations of crustal production rates. We report on a detailed investigation of seawater Sr-isotope stratigraphy based on foraminifers and, where available, on inoceramid bivalves from 12 mid-Cretaceous Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program sections. The effects of diagenesis are assessed using scanning electron microscope observations and trace-elemental analyses, but are best distinguished by comparing the 87Sr/86Sr values of similar-age samples from different sites. Strontium-isotope analyses compiled from 9 of 12 sites that have detailed age control define one band of common values. This band is used as a composite curve, which presumably represents seawater 87Sr/86Sr values. The composite curve shows a "trough" of markedly lower 87Sr/86Sr values in the Aptian and early Albian stages, higher but constant values for the middle Albian-Cenomanian stages, followed by a decrease in 87Sr/86Sr values in the early Turonian. Variations between published mid-Cretaceous Sr-isotope records result from diagenetic alteration, analytical problems, and the diverse biostratigraphic approaches and assumptions used to estimate sample ages. When preexisting age data are made consistent, the composite record shows close similarities with data sets derived from measurements of macrofossils in land sections of Europe and North America. The interval of decreased 87Sr/86Sr values in the Aptian-Albian stages overlaps with the pulse of mid-plate volcanic activity that produced the Ontong Java, Manihiki, and Kerguelen Plateaus. The exact age and the shape of the trough, however, are consistent with increased spreading rates at oceanic ridges, given the existing data on the timing of mid-plate volcanic activity.

Raman spectroscopy of decrespignyite (Y,REE)4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5•2(H2O) and in relation with other halogenated carbonates including bastnasite, hydroxybastnasite, parisite and northupite

Raman spectroscopy complimented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the rare earth based mineral decrespignyite (Y,REE)4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5•2(H2O) and compared with the Raman spectra of a series of selected natural halogenated carbonates from different origins including bastnasite, parisite and northupite. The Raman spectrum of decrespignyite displays three bands are at 1056, 1070 and 1088 cm-1 attributed to the CO32- symmetric stretching vibration. The observation of three symmetric stretching vibrations is very unusual. The position of CO32- symmetric stretching vibration varies with mineral composition. Raman bands of decrespignyite show bands at 1391, 1414, 1489 and 1547 cm-1. Raman spectra of bastnasite, parisite and northupite show a single band at 1433, 1420 and 1554 cm-1 assigned to the ν3 (CO3)2- antisymmetric stretching mode. The observation of additional Raman bands for the ν3 modes for some halogenated carbonates is significant in that it shows distortion of the carbonate anion in the mineral structure. Four Raman bands are observed at 791, 815, 837 and 849 cm-1and assigned to the (CO3)2- ν2 bending modes. Raman bands are observed for decrespignyite at 694, 718 and 746 cm-1 and are assigned to the (CO3)2- ν4 bending modes. Raman bands are observed for the carbonate ν4 in phase bending modes at 722 cm-1 for bastnasite, 736 and 684 cm-1 for parisite, 714 cm-1 for northupite. Multiple bands are observed in the OH stretching region for decrespignyite, bastnasite and parisite indicating the presence of water and OH units in the mineral structure.

Fatigue crack growth rates and fracture toughness in electroslag refined En 52 steel

En 52 steel has been electroslag refined and the resultant effects of refining on its mechanical properties have been assessed. It was found that refining caused a decrease in fatigue crack growth rates and increases in fatigue strength, fracture toughness, Charpy fracture energy and tensile ductility. Fatigue crack growth rates in region I and in region III were found to be considerably lower in the electroslag refined steel: they were unaffected in region II. The fracture toughness values for the electroslag refined steel are nearly twice those estimated for the unrefined steel. Measurements on heat-treated samples have shown that the electroslag refined steel has a better response to heat-treatment. The improvement in the mechanical properties is explained in terms of the removal of nonmetallic inclusions and a reduction in the sulphur content of the steel.

Plan U.S.R.R. Melitopol'skogo okruga Genicheskogo raiona poluostrova Chongar vymezhevannogo v poriadke chastichnogo izmeneniia ustroistva kolfonda s ustroistvom poselkov, razbivkoiu na polia sevooborota, gony soglasno nakazu N.K.Z dnia 1927, n 52-2825. Izmerenie v nature proizvedeno i plan etot sostovlen X. partieiu po ustroistvu kolfondov

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ACE Research Vignette #52: Business growth and new initiatives in small and medium manufacturing enterprises from a design innovation program

This series of research vignettes is aimed at sharing current and interesting research findings from our team of international Entrepreneurship researchers. This vignette, written by Dr Judy Matthews examines the effects of firm engagement with design innovation programs on entrepreneurial activities of small and medium enterprises.

Orbital evolution and orbital phase resolved spectroscopy of the HMXB pulsar 4U 1538-52 with RXTE-PCA and BeppoSAX

We report here results from detailed timing and spectral studies of the high mass X-ray binary pulsar 4U 1538-52 over several binary periods using observations made with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and BeppoSAX satellites. Pulse timing analysis with the 2003 RXTE data over two binary orbits confirms an eccentric orbit of the system. Combining the orbitial parameters determined from this observation with the earlier measurements we did not find any evidence of orbital decay in this X-ray binary. We have carried out orbital phase resolved spectroscopy to measure changes in the spectral parameters with orbital phase, particularly the absorption column density and the iron line flux. The RXTE-PCA spectra in the 3-20 keV energy range were fitted with a power law and a high energy cut-off along with a Gaussian line at similar to 6.4 keV, whereas the BeppoSAX spectra needed only a power law and Gaussian emission line at similar to 6.4keV in the restricted energy range of 0.3-10.0 keV. An absorption along the line of sight was included for both the RXTE and BeppoSAX data. The variation of the free spectral parameters over the binary orbit was investigated and we found that the variation of the column density of absorbing material in the line of sight with orbital phase is in reasonable agreement with a simple model of a spherically symmetric stellar wind from the companion star.

Chromium isotope variations (delta Cr-53/52) in mantle-derived sources and their weathering products: Implications for environmental studies and the evolution of delta Cr-53/52 in the Earth's mantle over geologic time

Here we report chromium isotope compositions, expressed as delta Cr-53/ 52 in per mil (&) relative to NIST 979, measured in selected Cr-rich minerals and rocks formed by the primary magmatic as well as the secondary metamorphic and weathering processes. The main objectives of this study were: (i) to further constrain the isotope composition of the Earth's mantle Cr inventory and its possible variation during geological history, based on the analysis of globally distributed and stratigraphically constrained mantle-derived chromites; and (ii) to investigate the magnitude and systematics of Cr isotope fractionation during oxidative weathering and secondary alteration (i. e., hydration, serpentinization) of the magmatic Cr sources. Specifically, we analyzed delta Cr-53/ 52 in a set of globally distributed mantle-derived chromites (FeMgCr2O4, n = 30) collected from various locations in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America, and our results confirm that a chromite-hosted Earth's mantle Cr inventory is uniform at - 0.079 +/- 0.129& (2SD), which we named here as a ` canonical' mantle d 53/ 52 Cr signature. Furthermore our dataset of stratigraphically constrained chromites, whose crystallization ages cover most of the Earth's geological history, indicate that the bulk Cr isotope composition of the chromite-hosted mantle inventory has remained uniform, within about +/- 0.100&, since at least the Early Archean times (similar to 3500 million years ago, Ma). To investigate the systematics of Cr isotope fractionation associated with alteration processes we analyzed a number of secondary Cr-rich minerals and variably altered ultramafic rocks (i. e., serpentinized harzburgites, lherzolites) that revealed large positive delta Cr-53/ 52 anomalies that are systematically shifted to higher values with an increasing degree of alteration and serpentinization. The degree of aqueous alteration and serpentinization was quantified by the abundances of fluid-mobile (Rb, K) elements, and by the Loss On Ignition (LOI) parameter, which determines the amount of structurally bound water (OH/ H2O) present in secondary hydrated minerals like serpentine. Overall, we observed that altered ultramafic rocks that yielded the highest LOI values, and the lowest amounts of fluid mobile elements, also yielded the heaviest delta Cr-53/ 52 signatures. Therefore, we conclude that secondary alteration (i.e., hydration, serpentinization) of ultramafic rocks in near-surface oxidative environments tend to shift the bulk Cr isotope composition of the weathered products to isotopically heavier values, pointing to a dynamic redox cycling of Cr in the Earth's crustal and near-surface environments. Hence, if validated by future

Caracterizacion molecular de 52 accesiones de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) usando nueve marcadores tipo SSR, CNIAB-INTA, Nicaragua

Se realizó un estudio para determinar la variabilidad genética de 35 accesiones de yuca colectadas en territorio nicaragüense, se incluyó como material de referencia 14 accesiones introducidas del Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia y 3 introducidas de Brasil, con el objetivo de identificar duplicidad de accesiones y comparar la estructura genética de las accesiones colectadas en Nicaragua. Los análisis de diversidad se obtuvieron de los datos de 9 m arcadores microsatélitestipo SSR. Se detectó un total de 47 alelos en los nueve microsatélites, el número de alelos varió de 3 a 9, con un valor medio de 5. El índice de diversidad genética fue alto de 0.61. El valor promedio del PIC fue de 0.60, demostrando que los marcadores más informativos y polimórficos fueron el SSRY 100, GA-131y GA-12, con alto poder de discriminación. El análisis molecular de varianza mostró que la mayor diferencia existe dentro del grupo, no así entre grupo. La mayor distancia genética determinada entre los grupos fue entre el grupo de Matagalpa con las Internacionales, presentando menor distancia las RAAS con las Rio San Juan, mientras que el grupo de Río San Juan y RAAS, presentaron la mayor identidad genética. El análisis de conglomerado mostró un coeficiente de correlación cofenética de 0.82 el cual agrupo ó seis grupos genéticamente idénticos. La información genética obtenida permitirá reducir las accesiones idénticas y seleccionar las de interés genético, para garantizar un manejo sostenible de los recursos que se dispone en el banco de germoplasma del Centro Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria y Biotecnología (CNIAB) del Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA).

Prudentia Iuris, 2000, n° 52 (número completo)

Contenido: Editorial : veinte años de la revista fundada por el Dr. Santiago de Estrada – Derecho Eclesiástico: Condición jurídica del Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano / Ariel David Busso – Derecho Comercial: La empresa y las responsabilidades emergentes de la competencia desleal / Isabel Miguez – Presentación en concurso preventivo de una (ex) entidad financiera / Javier Armando Lorente – La contenciosidad del procedimiento concursal / Claudio A. Galli – Panorama de la cooptación en el directorio privado en el Derecho Comparado / Mariano Gagliardo – Sobre los fundamentos: Teoría política de la costumbre y de la codificación : Montesquieu y la doble cultura jurídica en la antigua Francia / Paul-Ludwig Weinacht (traducción del Prof. Dr. Hugo Laitenberger) Universidad de Würzburg – Las certezas del sentido común y los caracteres esenciales de la pena / Mauro Ronco. Universidad de Modena, traducción de Alfredo Battaglia y comentario de Luis María Rizzi: “La pena como retribución y redención” – In memoriam – Documentos: Portada, índice y primer editorial del Nº 1 de “Prudentia Juris” en agosto de 1980 -- Recensiones

Deputados brasileiros : repertório biográfico : 52ª legislatura, 2003-2007

Reúne as informações pessoais e sobre a vida profissional e política dos 513 deputados eleitos no pleito de outubro de 2002, no momento inicial da 52ª Legislatura, tendo por objetivo constituir-se em importante fonte de pesquisa e de preservação da memória da Câmara dos Deputados

O poder conclusivo das comissões da Câmara dos Deputados na 52ª legislatura

Estudo do sistema de comissões e seu poder de apreciação conclusiva: origem histórica e aplicação na Câmara dos Deputados. Pesquisa de dados sobre a tramitação dos projetos de lei sujeitos à competência plena das comissões apresentados na 52ª Legislatura. Análise comparativa dos dados em relação a estudos anteriormente realizados.

A Comissão de Seguridade Social e Família da Câmara dos Deputados na 52ª Legislatura : análise da atividade legislativa de acordo com as vertentes distributivista e informacional

Analisa a atividade legislativa da Comissão de Seguridade Social e Família durante a 52ª Legislatura (2003-2006) e sua relação com as perspectivas informacional e distributivista da teoria do Novo Institucionalismo.

Discurso parlamentar : educação no DF - o dito pelo não feito 52ª Legislatura - 2003/2007

Investiga o discurso parlamentar dos representantes legislativos do Distrito Federal na Câmara dos Deputados, entre os anos 2003 e 2007, em relação às mudanças necessárias na educação.