Estudi de la dinàmica poblacional de la guatlla (Coturnix c. coturnix) a la província de Valladolid durant la mitja veda de l’any 2008

S'estudia la dinàmica poblacional de la guatlla en diversos vedats de Valladolid. Primerament, hi ha una justificació del perquè d’aquest treball i desprès d' aquesta es procedeix a l’estudi de l’espècie. Així com les seves característiques forma de vida i altres factor que l’afecten com amenaces i legislació. Un cop acaba aquesta introducció, hi ha diversos objectius com determinar edat de naixement, diverses raons, estudi de la densitat i altres. I desprès l’explicació a materials i mètodes i l’exposició de resultats en la discussió s’obtenen diverses conclusions.

Lentokoneen sisällä

Lentokone. Ääniä lentokoneen sisältä. Hiljainen hurina. Kiihdytysääniä. Vaimeaa puheensorinaa taustalla.

El contexto educativo en la integración social de los menores inmigrantes en España.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

IL-21 restricts virus-driven Treg cell expansion in chronic LCMV infection

Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and tolerance. During viral infections, Treg cells can limit the immunopathology resulting from excessive inflammation, yet potentially inhibit effective antiviral T cell responses and promote virus persistence. We report here that the fast-replicating LCMV strain Docile triggers a massive expansion of the Treg population that directly correlates with the size of the virus inoculum and its tendency to establish a chronic, persistent infection. This Treg cell proliferation was greatly enhanced in IL-21R-/- mice and depletion of Treg cells partially rescued defective CD8+ T cell cytokine responses and improved viral clearance in some but not all organs. Notably, IL-21 inhibited Treg cell expansion in a cell intrinsic manner. Moreover, experimental augmentation of Treg cells driven by injection of IL-2/anti-IL-2 immune complexes drastically impaired the functionality of the antiviral T cell response and impeded virus clearance. As a consequence, mice became highly susceptible to chronic infection following exposure to low virus doses. These findings reveal virus-driven Treg cell proliferation as potential evasion strategy that facilitates T cell exhaustion and virus persistence. Furthermore, they suggest that besides its primary function as a direct survival signal for antiviral CD8+ T cells during chronic infections, IL-21 may also indirectly promote CD8+ T cell poly-functionality by restricting the suppressive activity of infection-induced Treg cells.