Women and representation in local government : international case studies

Women and Representation in Local Government opens up an opportunity to critique and move beyond suppositions and labels in relation to women in local government. Presenting a wealth of new empirical material, this book brings together international experts to examine and compare the presence of women at this level and features case studies on the US, UK, France, Germany, Spain, Finland, Uganda, China, Australia and New Zealand. Divided into four main sections, each explores a key theme related to the subject of women and representation in local government and engages with contemporary gender theory and the broader literature on women and politics. The contributors explore local government as a gendered environment; critiquing strategies to address the limited number of elected female members in local government and examine the impact of significant recent changes on local government through a gender lens. Addressing key questions of how gender equality can be achieved in this sector, it will be of strong interest to students and academics working in the fields of gender studies, local government and international politics.

爆破近区地质结构特性对震动信号传播的影响研究

基于文献〔1〕提出的“爆破震动弹性区的信号是经过震源邻近区域等效地质结构滤波后传出的”观点,利用LS-DYNA程序对岩土介质中存在软弱夹层时的爆破震动过程进行了一系列数值计算,讨论了存在软弱地质结构面时自由表面震动信号频率特征的变化规律。比如:爆破点和软弱结构面的相对位置以及软弱结构面分布范围和刚度改变时,爆破地震信号频率特征的演化规律。这些规律说明了爆破邻近区域的结构特征对震动信号频率特征有着显著的影响,同时为各种工程地质结构(如地下裂隙、软弱夹层等)的识别提供了一种新的思路。现场爆破实验的结果也定性地验证了这些规律。

Calidad, eficacia y clima en centros educativos : modelos de evaluación y relaciones causales.

Demostrar que la calidad de los centros educativos puede evaluarse a través de ciertos indicadores cuya elección debe partir de un modelo teórico susceptible de validación empírica. 1024 profesores y directivos agrupados en 78 centros escolares de Infantil, Primaria y Secundaria. Se parte de la preocupación por la calidad educativa en los centros escolares. En el primer capítulo se aborda el concepto de calidad, mediante seis formas de entenderla. Para hablar de calidad, es necesario definirla como la eficacia de los centros escolares. El concepto de calidad aparece unido al de evaluación, por lo que expone cómo llevar a cabo la evaluación de la calidad a través de indicadores. En el segundo capítulo, identifica los indicadores de eficacia escolar a partir del movimiento de las escuelas eficaces. En el tercer capítulo, estudia los distintos modelos de evaluación de centros escolares. En dichos modelos, el clima de la organización-clima escolar, también llamado clima organizacional o clima de trabajo, se revela como uno de los factores asociados a la calidad y eficacia de los centros educativos. En el capítulo cuarto profundiza en el estudio del clima. Finalmente, en el capítulo quinto elabora un modelo causal de evaluación de la calidad centrado en el clima de trabajo y otras variables asociadas a la eficacia, cuyos productos finales son la eficacia percibida por profesores y directivos y la satisfaccion de la plantilla. En dicho modelo define, a partir de la literatura de investigación, las relaciones causa-efecto de los distintos factores y variables que intervienen en el estudio. Cuestionarios. La medida de las variables se realiza a través de una escala tipo Likert. Utiliza la técnica estadística del análisis causal o análisis de estructuras de covarianza mediante el programa informático EQS de Bentler, haciendo también referencia a los índices del programa LISREL. Los datos obtenidos son muy satisfactorios; prueba la hipótesis de partida e identifica los efectos de unas variables sobre otras. La elaboración y validación de un modelo causal basado en la literatura de investigación permite conocer con más precisión la incidencia de ciertas variables procesuales, entre las que destaca el clima de trabajo sobre dos productos educativos definidos de forma genérica: la consecución de objetivos del centro o eficacia y la satisfacción de profesores y directivos. Esta metodología confirma la hipótesis central sobre la validación de un modelo de evaluación de la calidad y confirma o reespecifica cuándo han sido necesarias las hipótesis de causalidad entre los diferentes constructos que forman el modelo.

Improving the fatty acid profile of winter milk from housed cows with contrasting feeding regimes by oilseed supplementation

Many studies show concentrations of nutritionally desirable fatty acids in bovine milk are lower when cows have no access to grazing, leading to seasonal fluctuations in milk quality if cows are housed for part of the year. This study investigated the potential to improve the fatty acid profiles of bovine milk by oilseed supplementation (rolled linseed and rapeseed) during a period of indoor feeding in both organic and conventional production systems. Both linseed and rapeseed increased the concentrations of total monounsaturated fatty acids, vaccenic acid, oleic acid and rumenic acid in milk, but decreased the concentration of the total and certain individual saturated fatty acids. Linseed resulted in greater changes than rapeseed, and also significantly increased the concentrations of α-linolenic acid, total polyunsaturated fatty acids and total omega-3 fatty acids. The response to oilseed supplementation, with respect to increasing concentrations of vaccenic acid and omega-3 fatty acids, appeared more efficient for organic compared with conventional diets.

Investigation on the structural properties in Er-doped PbTiO3 compounds: A correlation between experimental and theoretical results

The aim of this work is to investigate the structural properties of the (Pb1-xErx)TiO3 (PET) powders, with x varying from 0.01 to 0.08, prepared by the polymeric precursor method. Combined X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and ab initio calculation reveal a diffuse phase-transition of a tetragonal to a cubic phase. The crystalline models built allowed to calculate electronic properties and to analyze the behavior of the doping element in the structure of the material, which are consistent with the experimental results that indicate the beginning of phase-transition from tetragonal to cubic. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

HELMINTH PARASITES OF HYPSIBOAS PRASINUS (ANURA: HYLIDAE) FROM TWO ATLANTIC FOREST FRAGMENTS, SAO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

Seventy-seven males of Hypsiboas prasinus from 2 Atlantic forest fragments in the municipalities of Botucatu and Jundiai, sao Paulo State, Brazil, were examined for endoparasites. The frogs were captured in summer (January until March) and winter (July/August) of 2008 and 2009. Thirty-three males (75%) from Botucatu were infected with Rhabdias cf. fuelleborni, cosmocerciid nematodes, and Cylindrotaenia americana. Twenty-five tree frogs (78.5%) from Jundiai were infected by Rhabdias cf. fuelleborni, Physaloptera sp., and cosmocerciid nematodes. Only cosmocerciid nematodes presented a statistically significance difference in prevalence (z = 4.345; P < 0.001) and mean abundance (t = 562.0; P < 0.001) between Botucatu and Jundiai during the winter. Also, the cosmocerciids exhibited higher mean abundance (t = 196.0; P = 0.034) in winter when compared with summer at the Jundiai site. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first report of C. americana in the Brazilian Hylidae. This study presents 4 new records of nematodes in H. prasinus.

Factorization and N3LLp+NNLO predictions for the Higgs cross section with a jet veto

We have recently derived a factorization formula for the Higgs-boson production cross section in the presence of a jet veto, which allows for a systematic resummation of large Sudakov logarithms of the form αn s lnm(pveto T /mH), along with the large virtual corrections known to affect also the total cross section. Here we determine the ingredients entering this formula at two-loop accuracy. Specifically, we compute the dependence on the jet-radius parameter R, which is encoded in the two-loop coefficient of the collinear anomaly, by means of a direct, fully analytic calculation in the framework of soft-collinear effective theory. We confirm the result obtained by Banfi et al. from a related calculation in QCD, and demonstrate that factorization-breaking, soft-collinear mixing effects do not arise at leading power in pveto T /mH, even for R = O(1). In addition, we extract the two-loop collinear beam functions numerically. We present detailed numerical predictions for the jet-veto cross section with partial next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, matched to the next-to-next-to-leading order cross section in fixed-order perturbation theory. The only missing ingredients at this level of accuracy are the three-loop anomaly coefficient and the four-loop cusp anomalous dimension, whose numerical effects we estimate to be small.