Crystal and molecular structures of 4-substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones studied by X-ray and AM1 and B3LYP calculations

(1) C13H13N3O5, Mr = 291.26, P (1) over bar, a = 7.4629(9), b = 7.9203(9), c = 12.126(2) angstrom, alpha = 86.804(5), beta = 78.471(7), gamma = 69.401(8)degrees, V = 657.3(2)angstrom(3), Z = 2, R-1 = 0.0454; (2) C11H12N2O4, Mr=236.23, Pbca, a=7.2713(9), b=14.234(1), c=20.848(3)angstrom, V= 2157.8(4) angstrom(3), Z=8, R-1=0.0504; (3) C13H13N2O3Cl, Mr = 280.70, P2/n, a = 17.344(2), b = 9.237(1), c = 18.398(2) angstrom; beta = 92.61(2)degrees, V = 2944.4(6) angstrom(3), Z = 8, R-1 = 0.0714. The conformational features of three 4-substituted-3-4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones were investigated by computational and single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies. The geometries were optimized using semiempirical (AM1) and first principle calculations (B3LYP/6-31G**) methods, the rotational barriers for important functional groups were studied. In all structures the pyrimidinone rings are in a more or less distorted boat conformation. The phenyl and the furane rings are almost perpendicular to the best least-squares plane through the dihydropyrimidinone ring.

Tornionjoen-Muonionjoen vesistöalueen tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelma vuosille 2016–2021

Suomessa Tornion kaupunki ja Ruotsissa Haaparannan kaupunki nimettiin merkittäviksi tulvariskialueiksi tulvariskien alustavassa arvioinnissa vuonna 2011. Samassa yhteydessä maa- ja metsätalousministeriö asetti Tornionjoen tulvaryhmän käsittelemään tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelmaa varten laadittavia selvityksiä, asettamaan tulvariskien hallinnan tavoitteet Tornionjoen Suomen puoleiselle vesistöalueelle sekä hyväksymään ehdotuksen Tornionjoen-Muonionjoen vesistöalueen tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelmaksi. Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö hyväksyi Tornionjoen-Muonionjoen vesistöalueen tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelman vuosille 2016–2021 joulukuussa 2015. Tornionjoen tulvaryhmä on asettanut Tornion merkittävän tulvariskialueen asuinrakennusten suojaamisen tavoitteeksi kerran 100 vuodessa toistuvan tulvan tason ja terveyskeskuksen, päiväkotien ja muiden erityskohteiden suojaamiseksi kerran 250 vuodessa toistuvan tulvan tason. Muualla vesistöalueella tavoitteeksi on asetettu asuinrakennusten suojaaminen kerran 50 vuodessa toistuvalta tulvalta. Lisäksi on asetettu tavoitteita mm. sähkön ja lämmön jakelulle, liikenneyhteyksien toiminnalle sekä ympäristölle ja kulttuuriperinnölle. Tulvariskien hallinnan tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi on esitetty laaja- ja monipuolinen valikoima tulvariskien hallinnan toimenpiteitä. Ensisijaisina toimenpiteinä on esitetty Tornion Kaupunginlahden tulvapenkereen korottamista, uusien tulvapenkereiden tarpeen kartoitusta, jäänsahausta, omatoimista varautumista ja tilapäisten tulvasuojelurakenteiden käyttöä. Lisäksi hallintasuunnitelmassa esitetään useita ei-rakenteellisia toimenpiteitä tulviin varautumisen parantamiseksi. Hallintasuunnitelmassa esitetyt toimenpiteet eivät velvoita mitään tahoa toteuttamaan kyseessä olevia toimenpiteitä. Valtion ja kuntien viranomaisten sekä aluekehitysviranomaisen on kuitenkin otettava suunnitelma ja toimenpiteet toiminnassaan huomioon. Hallintasuunnitelman toimeenpanon edistämisestä ja seurannasta on päävastuussa Lapin ELY-keskus. Tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelmien uudelleenarvioinnissa vuonna 2021 on tarvittaessa kuvattava mitkä tässä suunnitelmassa esitetyt toimenpiteet ovat jääneet toteuttamatta ja miksi niin on käynyt. Ruotsissa Haaparannan tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelman laatimisesta on vastannut Norrbottenin lääninhallitus, jonka kanssa Lapin ELYkeskus on tehnyt tiivistä yhteistyötä hallintasuunnitelmien yhteensovittamiseksi.

Folklore menorquí : un recull per a les primeres edats. 'Folclore menorquín : una recopilación para las primeras edades'.

Esta obra obtuvo el Premio Sant Antoni 1982

La recopilación de la tradición oral en los municipios de la zona del mar en el departamento del Atlántico Una alternativa de gestión cultural

El trabajo de investigación que nos ocupa intenta, desde sus propias particularidades, replantear de manera innovadora y creativa la relación de la oralidad con el conjunto del panorama cultural.

Sant Jordi : símbol de llibertat.'Sant Jordi : símbolo de libertad'.

Presentación de la historia y la leyenda de la figura de Sant Jordi. El vídeo muestra imágenes sobre cómo se celebra la fiesta en diferentes lugares de Cataluña y la evolución de sus tradiciones populares. Se incluye una reflexión sobre los valores que se promueven a través de esta fiesta popular.

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of polymer and oligomers of ortho-phenylenediamine

Poly(ortho-phenylenediamine) and oligomers of ortho-phenylenediamine were chemically synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, (1)H and (13)C NMR, FTIR and resonance Raman spectroscopies. Polymerization of ortho-phenylenediamine in HCl medium with ammonium persulfate only leads the trimer compound, in disagreement with some previous reports. Nevertheless, in acetic acid medium it was possible to prepare a polymer constituted by ladder phenazinic segments with different protonation levels and quinonediimine rings (polyaniline-like). X-ray absorption at N K-edge (N K XANES), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies were used to determine the different kinds of nitrogen presents in this class of polymer. N K XANES spectrum of poly(ortho-phenylenediamine) shows the band of -N=nitrogen of non-protonated phenazinic rings at 398.2 eV. In addition, XPS and N K XANES data confirm the presence of different types of protonated nitrogens in the polymeric poly(ortho-phenylenediamine) chain and the EPR spectrum shows that the polymer has a very weak polaronic signal. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Thickness of softened human enamel removed by toothbrush abrasion: an in vitro study

The aim of the study was to assess the thickness of softened enamel removed by toothbrushing. Human enamel specimens were indented with a Knoop diamond. Softening was performed with citric acid or orange juice. The specimens were brushed in a brushing machine with a manual soft toothbrush in toothpaste slurry or in artificial saliva. Enamel loss was calculated from the change in indentation depth of the same indent before and after abrasion. Mean surface losses (95% confidence interval) were recorded in treatment groups (in nanometers): (1) citric acid, abrasion with slurry = 339 (280-398); (2) citric acid, abrasion with artificial saliva = 16 (5-27); (3) orange juice, abrasion with slurry = 268 (233-303); (4) orange juice, abrasion with artificial saliva = 14 (5-23); (5) no softening, abrasion with slurry = 28 (10-46). The calculated thickness of the softened enamel varied between 254 and 323 nm, depending on the acid used.

Factors predicting prognosis and recurrence in patients with esophago-gastric adenocarcinoma and histopathological response with less than 10 % residual tumor

PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant treatment is an accepted standard approach for treating locally advanced esophago-gastric adenocarcinomas. Despite a response of the primary tumor, a significant percentage dies from tumor recurrence. The aim of this retrospective exploratory study from two academic centers was to identify predictors of survival and recurrence in histopathologically responding patients. METHODS: Two hundred thirty one patients with adenocarcinomas (esophagus: n = 185, stomach: n = 46, cT3/4, cN0/+, cM0) treated with preoperative chemotherapy (n = 212) or chemoradiotherapy (n = 19) followed by resection achieved a histopathological response (regression 1a: no residual tumor (n = 58), and regression 1b < 10 % residual tumor (n = 173)). RESULTS: The estimated median overall survival was 92.4 months (5-year survival, 56.6 %) for all patients. For patients with regression 1a, median survival is not reached (5-year survival, 71.6 %) compared to patients with regression 1b with 75.3 months median (5-year survival, 52.2 %) (p = 0.031). Patients with a regression 1a had lymph node metastases in 19.0 versus 33.7 % in regression 1b. The ypT-category (p < 0.001), the M-category (p = 0.005), and the type of treatment (p = 0.04) were found to be independent prognostic factors in R0-resected patients. The recurrence rate was 31.7 % (n = 66) (local, 39.4 %; peritoneal carcinomatosis, 25.7 %; distant metastases, 50 %). Recurrence was predicted by female gender (p = 0.013), ypT-category (p = 0.007), and M-category (p = 0.003) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Response of the primary tumor does not guarantee recurrence-free long-term survival, but histopathological complete responders have better prognosis compared to partial responders. Established prognostic factors strongly influence the outcome, which could, in the future, be used for stratification of adjuvant treatment approaches. Increasing the rate of histopathological complete responders is a valid endpoint for future clinical trials investigating new drugs.

(Table 1) Summary of basalt unit thickness, vesicularity, number of flow units, and average porosity at ODP Site 135-839

An inflatable drill-string packer was used at Site 839 to measure the bulk in-situ permeability within basalts cored in Hole 839B. The packer was inflated at two depths, 398.2 and 326.9 mbsf; all on-board information indicated that the packer mechanically closed off the borehole, although apparently the packer hydraulically sealed the borehole only at 398.2 mbsf. Two pulse tests were run at each depth, two constant-rate injection tests were run at the first set, and four were run at the second. Of these, only the constant-rate injection tests at the first set yielded a permeability, calculated as ranging from 1 to 5 * 10**-12 m**2. Pulse tests and constant-rate injection tests for the second set did not yield valid data. The measured permeability is an upper limit; if the packer leaked during the experiments, the basalt would be less permeable. In comparison, permeabilities measured at other Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program sites in pillow basalts and flows similar to those measured in Hole 839B are mainly about 10**-13 to 10**-14 m**2. Thus, if our results are valid, the basalts at Site 839 are more permeable than ocean-floor basalts investigated elsewhere. Based on other supporting evidence, we consider these results to be a valid measure of the permeability of the basalts. Temperature data and the geochemical and geotechnical properties of the drilled sediments all indicate that the site is strongly affected by fluid flow. The heat flow is very much less than expected in young oceanic basalts, probably a result of rapid fluid circulation through the crust. The geochemistry of pore fluids is similar to that of seawater, indicating seawater flow through the sediments, and sediments are uniformly underconsolidated for their burial depth, again indicating probable fluid flow. The basalts are highly vesicular. However, the vesicularity can only account for part of the average porosity measured on the neutron porosity well log; the remainder of the measured porosity is likely present as voids and fractures within and between thin-bedded basalts. Core samples, together with porosity, density, and resistivity well-log data show locations where the basalt section is thin bedded and probably has from 15% to 35% void and fracture porosity. Thus, the measured permeability seems reasonable with respect to the high measured porosity. Much of the fluid flow at Site 839 could be directed through highly porous and permeable zones within and between the basalt flows and in the sediment layer just above the basalt. Thus, the permeability measurements give an indication of where and how fluid flow may occur within the oceanic crust of the Lau Basin.

Tratado de anatomía médico-quirúrgica y topográfica: considerada especialmente en sus aplicaciones á la patologia, medicina legal, obstetricia y medicina operatoria /

Mode of access: Internet.

Tratado de anatomía médico-quirúrgica y topográfica considerada especialmente en sus aplicaciones á la patologia, medicina legal, obstetricia y medicina operatoria /

Mode of access: Internet.