Fragm. lat. IV 37 - Conclusiones Sententiarum (IV 37,3 - 43)

Trägerbände: Inc. qu. 1058a; war ursprünglich Bestandteil von Ms. Praed. 73 (ein dort zwischen Bl. 23/24 fehlendes Blatt); Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Revisiting the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of the NW South Iberian Basin: new ages and sedimentary environments

The study of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits (Higueruelas, Villar del Arzobispo and Aldea de Cortés Formations) of the South Iberian Basin (NW Valencia, Spain) reveals new stratigraphic and sedimentological data, which have significant implications on the stratigraphic framework, depositional environments and age of these units. The Higueruelas Fm was deposited in a mid-inner carbonate platform where oncolitic bars migrated by the action of storms and where oncoid production progressively decreased towards the uppermost part of the unit. The overlying Villar del Arzobispo Fm has been traditionally interpreted as an inner platform-lagoon evolving into a tidal-flat. Here it is interpreted as an inner-carbonate platform affected by storms, where oolitic shoals protected a lagoon, which had siliciclastic inputs from the continent. The Aldea de Cortés Fm has been previously interpreted as a lagoon surrounded by tidal-flats and fluvial-deltaic plains. Here it is reinterpreted as a coastal wetland where siliciclastic muddy deposits interacted with shallow fresh to marine water bodies, aeolian dunes and continental siliciclastic inputs. The contact between the Higueruelas and Villar del Arzobispo Fms, classically defined as gradual, is also interpreted here as rapid. More importantly, the contact between the Villar del Arzobispo and Aldea de Cortés Fms, previously considered as unconformable, is here interpreted as gradual. The presence of Alveosepta in the Villar del Arzobispo Fm suggests that at least part of this unit is Kimmeridgian, unlike the previously assigned Late Tithonian-Middle Berriasian age. Consequently, the underlying Higueruelas Fm, previously considered Tithonian, should not be younger than Kimmeridgian. Accordingly, sedimentation of the Aldea de Cortés Fm, previously considered Valangian-Hauterivian, probably started during the Tithonian and it may be considered part of the regressive trend of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous cycle. This is consistent with the dinosaur faunas, typically Jurassic, described in the Villar del Arzobispo and Aldea de Cortés Fms.

Association of a polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene with essential hypertension

A polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene has recently been reported and analysis of this polymorphism has indicated that it is associated with several cardiovascular diseases. However, the results are still controversial and such association has not yet been established conclusively. To determine whether the ACE gene may be responsible for essential hypertension in a Japanese population, we also compared the distribution of genotypes and the allele frequency of this polymorphism in our findings of a Japanese population with these features in other countries. Eighty-seven hypertensive patients with a family history of essential hypertension and 95 normotensive patients whose parents had no such history were enrolled in the study. Polymorphism of the ACE gene was determined by using the polymerase chain reaction. Homozygotes for this polymorphism had either a 490-bp band (II) or a 190-bp band (DD) and heterozygotes had both bands (ID). In hypertensive subjects, the numbers and frequency of the ACE genotypes were: II, 44 (0.51); ID, 26 (0.30); DD, 17 (0.19). In normotensive subjects these were: II, 35 (0.37); ID, 43 (0.45); DD, 17 (0.18). There were no significant differences between the two groups in derived allele frequencies (chi 2 = 1.41). The difference between the overall allelic frequency in Japan and that reported in several other countries was significant. We did not find any association between ACE gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in Japan. However, there were significant differences in derived allele frequencies between our findings in a Japanese population and those reported from Europe and Australia.

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor treatment on femoral head osteonecrosis in a rat model

Introduction: Apoptosis is the final destiny of many cells in the body, though this process has been observed in some pathological processes. One of these pathological processes is femoral head non-traumatic osteonecrosis. Among many pro/anti-apoptotic factors, nitric oxide has recently been an area of further interest. Osteocyte apoptosis and its relation to pro-apoptotic action invite further research, and the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)—which produces a high concentration of nitric oxide—has been flagged. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and inducible NOS suppressor (Aminoguanidine) in prevention of femoral head osteonecrosis in an experimental model of osteonecrosis in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods: After animal ethic approval 34 SHR rats were divided into four groups. Ten rats were allocated to the control group without any treatment, and eight rats were allocated to three treatment groups namely: HBO, Aminoguanidine (AMG), and the combination of HBO and AMG treatments (HBO+AMG). The HBO group received 250 kPa of oxygen via hyperbaric chamber for 30 days started at their 5th week of life; the AMG group received 1mg/ml of AMG in drinking water from the fifth week till the 17th week of life; and the last group received a combination of these treatments. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the 17th week of life and both femurs were analysed for evidence of osteonecrosis using Micro CT scan and H&E staining. Also, osteocyte apoptosis and the presence of two different forms of NOS (inducible (iNOS) and endothelial (eNOS)) were analysed by immunostaining and apoptosis staining (Hoechst and TUNEL). Results: Bone morphology of metaphyseal and epiphyseal area of all rats were investigated and analysed. Micro CT findings revealed significantly higher mean fractional trabecular bone volume (FBV) of metaphyseal area in untreated SHRs compared with all other treatments (HBO, P<0.05, HBO+AMG, P<0.005, and AMG P<0.001). Bone surface to volume ratio also significantly increased with HBO+AMG and AMG treatments when compared with the control group (18.7 Vs 20.8, P<0.05, and 18.7 Vs 21.1, P<0.05). Epiphyseal mean FBV did not change significantly among groups. In the metaphyseal area, trabecular thickness and numbers significantly decreased with AMG treatment, while trabecular separation significantly increased with both AMG and HBO+AMG treatment. Histological ratio of no ossification and osteonecrosis was 37.5%, 43.7%, 18.7% and 6.2% of control, HBO, HBO+AMG and AMG groups respectively with only significant difference observed between HBO and AMG treatment (P<0.01). High concentration of iNOS was observed in the region of osteonecrosis while there was no evidence of eNOS activity around that region. In comparison with the control group, the ratio of osteocyte apoptosis significantly reduced in AMG treatment (P<0.005). We also observed significantly fewer apoptotic osteocytes in AMG group comparing with HBO treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: None of our treatments prevents osteonecrosis at the histological or micro CT scan level. High concentration of iNOS in the region of osteonecrosis and significant reduction of osteocyte apoptosis with AMG treatment were supportive of iNOS modulating osteocyte apoptosis in SHRs.

Content of zinc, iron and their absorption inhibitors in Nicaraguan common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Protein-energy malnutrition and mineral deficiencies are two of the three forms of nutritional deficiencies that affect most developing countries due to inadequate access to food and diets based on a sole crop. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the staple crop of Nicaragua and it has the potential to improve the nutritional status of the poorest group of the nation. Its high content of both protein and nonhaem iron provides many nutrients, but inhibitors also may prevent absorption of iron and zinc by the human consumer. A proper production chain must be followed to ensure the best grain quality for the consumer. To achieve food security, both production and high nutritional content must be maintained. Four nationally important accessions of common bean, with different harvesting dates, were selected to be submitted to two treatments: to evaluate the impact of storage conditions on the end quality of the grain. The duration of the study was six months with sampling every six weeks, and the two treatments were controlled one stored at 40°C and 75 RH %, and the other was stored in in-situ conditions. Proximate and mineral composition was evaluated as well as tannin, phytate and bioavailability. Significant differences among different accessions were found, being the most significant in protein, Fe and Zn content, tannins and phytate. Protein values ranged from 21-23%. Iron content was 61-81 mg/kg but only 3-4% was bioavailable. Zinc content was 21-25 mg/kg and 10-12% was bioavailable. The concentration of phytate ranged from 8.6-9.6 mg/g while tannin values ranged within 37.7-43.8 mg/g. Storage at high temperatures was demonstrated to have an impact on certain nutritional compounds and proved detrimental to final grain quality. Soluble sugar content and tannin content decreased after six months in both storage conditions, IDF decreased in the in-situ and SDF in the stress. The iron content and bioavailability in INTA Biofortificado were not as outstanding as expected, so experiments should be conducted to compare its iron uptake and delivery with other cultivars.

Biological characteristics and determination of population dynamics parameters of Nemipterus japonicus in the coastal waters of Province Bushehr, Persian Gulf

This study was conducted to determine biological characteristics and population dynamics parameters of threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) in Persian Gulf (Bushehr Province), during November 2006 and October 2007. The minimum and maximum specimens were 75-273 mm FL and their weight was 7.6 - 351.9 g. Based on the exponential relationship between fork length and weight, slope (b) for individuals, males and females was 2.987321, 2.992546 and 3.007314, respectively. The emptiness value (V) was 45.6% and it shows that N. japonicus is a moderate feeder. The results of Fp indicates that crustacean with 78.2% are main foods, mollusca (27.7%), fishes (20.7%), polychaeta (19.2%) and Foraminifera (11.7%) were identified as minor foods and phytoplanktons (9.9%), nematoda(8.0%), echinodermata (2.3%) and sea weeds (0.3%) were random foods. The reproduction studies showed the spawning season extended within 2 peaks, from April- May and September and main spawning occurs in spring season.The mean absolute and relative fecundities were 472388±42633 and 3817±293 (X±SE), respectively. The maximum, minimum and mean of oocyte diameter were 0.448, 0.022 and 0.221mm (SE=0.071), respectively.The fork length at 50% maturity estimated to be 20.25 cm for females. The growth coefficient (K) , length infinity (L∞ ) and ɸ' was estimated 0.42/yr , 34.17 cm and 2.69, respectively. The coefficient of total mortality, fishing mortality, natural mortality and E was 1.37, 0.43, 0.94 and 0.31, respectively.

Revision of the cyprinid genus Placocheilus Wu, 1977 in China, with description of a new species from Yunnan

Placocheilus is re-diagnosed on the basis of oromandibular structures compared to those of closely related groups. It is represented in China by three species restricted to Yunnan, namely P. caudofasciatus from the Tengtiaohe River (Nam Na), P. cryptonemus from the Nujiang Rive ( upper Salween River basin), and P. robustus, herein described as a new species from the Yuanjiang River ( Red River basin). P. robustus n. sp. is differentiated from its congeners in having a stout caudal peduncle ( depth 72.4-82.5% of its length) and the medium-sized scaleless midventral region of belly extended slightly beyond halfway from the pectoral- to pelvic-fin origin. It is further distinguished from P. caudofasciatus in having a coarsely crenulated rostral fold with 18-23 indentations on its distal margin and a smaller mental adhesive disc ( length 66.7-71.4% of its width and 37.0-43.1% of the head length).

奇奇核166,168Lu和奇中子核87Zr高自旋态的实验研究

本论文主要进行了奇奇核~(166)Lu、~(168)Lu和奇中子核~(87)Zr的高自旋态的研究工作，对它们高自旋态的一些物理现象进行了讨论。并且首次对1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的系统学规律进行了总结。主要由以下三个部分组成：~(166,168)Lu高自旋态的研究在最近有关形变奇奇核高自旋态的研究工作中，随着实验上π1／2-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)带自旋的确定，人们发现除了130区的兀h_(11/2)(direct X)vh_(11/2)和160区的兀h_(11/2)(direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带低自旋旋称反转以外，π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)带的低自旋也是反转的，该转动带低自旋旋称反转现象引起了人们的很大的兴趣并得到很广泛的研究，为了通过π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)带与已知自旋和宇称的基态和一些低激发态相连，确定该转动带的自旋，人们付出了很大的努力。特别是最近几年，一些实验上自旋的确定，使得研究π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带低自旋旋称反转的系统学规律成为可能。需要指出的是在以前的研究结果中，~(166)Lu的π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的能级摆动规律与相邻奇奇核该组态带的能级摆动规律严重不符，澄清该疑点是我们重新研究该核的主要动力之一。在以前~(168)Lu的研究工作中，只在~(168)Lu中发现两个带，但其中只有晕带的组态得到指定，根据带结构和旋称劈裂的大小估计另一个带极有可能是π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)带。为了澄清以上这些疑点和得到π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的系统学规律，我们重新研究了。~(166,168)Lu的高自旋态。另外(h_(11/2)_p(i_(13/2))_n组．态带的低自旋旋称反转是一个广为人知的物理现象，但在以前的有关~(166）Lu的结果中对(h_(11/2))_p(i_(13/2))_n组态带白旋的确定与该组态带低自旋旋称反转系统规律相反，这也是我们对~(166)Lu重新研究的一个原因。实验是在北京中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器上进行的，分别利用入射能量为97MeV和92MeV的~(19)F束通过熔合蒸发反应~(152)Sm(~(19)F,~5n)~(166)Lu和~(154)Sm(~(19)F5n)~(168)Lu布居了~(166)Lu和~(168)Lu的高自旋态。用十台HpGe探测器组成的探测阵列进行γ-γ符合测量，对~(166)Lu和~(168)Lu分别记录了约1.27 * 10~8和0.25 * 10~8个两重和两重以上的符合事件。在~(166)Lu中，共发现了五条转动带，根据它们的顺排在0.28MeV均没有出现上弯，意味着它们的中子均占居i_(13/2)轨道，同时根据在~(165)Lu和~(167)Lu只发现基于9／2~-[514]、7／2~-[404]、1／2~-[541]、1／2~+[411]和5／2~+[402]轨道的转动带及在~(165)Yb和~(167)Hf中晕带均为5／2~+[642]的事实，那么由上述质子轨道和中子轨道组成的转动带是本文发现的五条带的最可能的侯选者。本实验中观察到的五条转动带分别基于7／2~+[404](direct X)5／2~+[642]、9／2~-[514](direct X)5／2~+[642]、1／2~-[541](direct X)5／2~+[642]、5／2~+[402](direct X)5／2~+[642]和1／2~+[642](direct X)5／2~+[642]轨道的转动带。和以前的数据相比主要有以下几点改进：(A)在以前的结果中，包括2000年新发表的有关~(166)Lu的文章，他们均把本文~(166)Lu纲图中(5)和(6)退激系列归属于π1／2~-[541](direct X)v5／2~+[642]转动带，而在本文中通过符合关系一个新的退激系列(7)被发现，根据(6)和(7)之间的符合关系、带交叉频率、γ射线强度和B(M1)／B(E2)的比值等关系，本文认为新发现的退激系列(7)与(6)组成新的π1／2~-[541](direct X)v5／2~+[642]转动带.以前的结果的错误在于把属于1／2~-[541](direct X)5／2~+[642]转动带的α = 0与1／2~-[541](direct X)5／2~+[642]转动带的α = 0误归于一个带，这就澄清了原文献中π1／2~-[541](direct X)v5／2~+[642]转动带能级摆动规律与相邻奇奇核该组态带能级摆动规律不符的疑点，同时把原文献中误归于π1／2~-[541](direct X)v5／2~+[642]转动带的那一个退激系列(5)重新指定为1／2~+[411](direct X)5／2~+[642]带(α = 0)；(B)通过分析实验数据、跃迁能量系统学和运用顺排相加性规则对以前实验中建立的9／2~-[514](direct X)5／2~+[642]和7／2~+[404](direct X)5／2~+[642]带的自旋进行了重新指定，把它们的自旋在原文的基础上加1个单位，澄清了以前的有关~(166)Lu结果中对9／2~-[514](direct X)5／2~+[642]组态带自旋的确定与该组态带低自旋旋称反转事实相反的疑点；(C)新发现了基于9／2~-[541](direct X)5／2~+[642]组态的转动带。在~(168)Lu中，共观察到了四条转动带，分别是π1／2~-[541](direct X)v5／2~+[642]、7／2~+[404](direct X)5／2~+[642]、 9／2~-[514](direct X)5／2~+[642]和7／2~+[404](direct X)5/2~-[523](本文新建立的带)带，本文对其中晕带7／2~+[404](direct X)5／2~+[642]的K值取值与原文献中的取值不同，并根据能量系统学和带头激发能指出不同的原因。 除以上所述外，本文还给出了~(166)Lu和~(168)Lu各γ射线的强度、转动参数A、较强γ射线的DCO值、分支比和B(M1)／B(E2)等实验值。基于实验和理论预期的B(M1)／B(E2)比值的比较、各带带交叉行为、顺排相加性、带头激发能和转动参数A对各带的组态和自旋进行了指定。最后通过对实验上对~(162,164)Tm、~(174)Ta和~(176)Re的π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带p-n剩余相互作用信息的提取，指出奇质子核中1／2~-[541]带的带交叉频率相对相邻偶偶核的延迟约三分之一到一半左右，其原因是由于p-n剩余相互作用所造成的(包含了对效应和形变变化的CSM模型能够解释另一半的偏离)，可以定性的认为正是由于形变、对相互作用的变化和剩余p-n相互作用三者相结合导致了整个的1／2~-[541]带中带交叉频率的偏离。旋称反转机制综述和πh_(932)(direct X)vi_(l3/2)组态的系统学首先对导致旋称反转的各种机制做一简单回顾，同时对ππh,u2⑩vi,钔组态带系统学规律做一简单总结，总结了πh_(11/2)(direct X)Vi_(13/2)组态带的跃迁能量系统学规律。在最近，随着~(162)Tm、~(164)Tm、~(174)Ta和~(176)Re等几个奇奇核中半退耦带1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)的自旋通过实验方法的确定，人们惊奇的发现在上述这些核~(162)Tm、~(164)Tm、~(174)Ta和~(176)Re)中半退耦带1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)在低自旋区都是旋称反转的。人们就会很自然的回头去看那些在该区已经布居1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(l3／2)组态带的那些核，结果发现对于该组态带的自旋的指定是很杂乱无章的，有些自旋的确定即不符合能量系统学又与顺排相加性规则相悖，如在~(172)Ta和~(178)Re中(值得指出的是有关这两个核的文章均是在十年前发表的)，自旋的指定明显与最近发表的该区πhg_(9/2)(direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带自旋不符，本文通过能量系统学和顺排相加性对~(172)Ta和~(178)Re的1／2~-541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带自旋做了修改，分别增加了3h和h。本文通过对最新结果~(162)Tm、~(164)Tm、~(170)Lu、~(170,174,176)Ta、~(176)Re、~(180)Ir)和以前的结果(~(172)Ta和~(178)Re)及本文的结果(~(166,168)Lu)对上述12个核的1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的S(I) = E(I)-E(I-1)- E(I + 2)-E(I + 1)-E(I - 1)-E(I - 2)]／2～I的变化图的分析，继A ≈ 130区7πh_(11/2)(direct X)vh_(11/2)组态带和A ≈ 160区πh_(11/2)(direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的系统学规律以后，首次总结出A ≈ 170区π1／2~-541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的系统学规律：反转点的自旋随N的增加而增加，随Z的增加而减小，与πh_(11/2)(direct X)和πh_(11/2)(direct X)vi_(13/2)转动带的系统学规律很相似，即反转点自旋均随中子和质子单调地变化。通过对各种理论模型的研究发现三轴形变、科里奥利力、带交叉与自反转和p-n相互作用在奇奇核中都有可能导致旋称反转，包含有p-n相互作用的粒子-转子模型在πh_(11/2)(direct X)和vh_(11/2)、πh_(11/2)和π1／2 ~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带中的旋称反转上取得了某些成功，表明p-n相互作用在解释奇核低自旋反转现象中起着很重要的作用。通过对实验上π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带旋称反转点与文献中理论计算值的比较，得出p-n相互作用强度的变化可能是导致π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带症称反转点变化主要原因的结论。过渡区核~(87)Zr的高自旋态研究在A≈80区，许多原子核的中子和质子数都处在28和50两个满壳层之间，对于这些核而言，任何一种核子数的改变都有可能导致核形状的显著变化。有研究结果表明，对于40≤Z≤45的核来讲，N=46是变形核向球形核变化的转折点。在40≤N≤50区，对Zr(Z=40)同位素系列中诸原子核能级结构伴随中子数改变而发生的变化的研究将会帮助我们了解这个形状变化的过程。我们所研究的~(87)Zr含有47个中子，就处于这个过渡区。实验是在北京中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器上进行的，利用入射能量为118MeV的~(32)S束通过~(58)Co(~(32)S,3pn)~(87)Zr熔合蒸发反应布居。~（87）Zr的高自旋态，实验用的靶为附有Ta衬的厚度1082μg／cm~2的~(59)Co箔。用7台HpGe探测器组成的探测阵列进行γ-γ符合测量。同时采用一个小平面光子探测器探测低能γ射线。本实验记录了约1.5 * 10。个两重以上的符合事件，建立了自旋直到37／2和43／2的能级纲图。研究的结果表明：~(87)Zr与相邻同中子奇A核的正宇称低激发能级之间存在着很强的相似性，而与相邻奇A核同位素相比，结构变化明显， 这可能表明在该核区对核形变的影响中子占主要地位，质子影响较小。激发能随中子变化的比值图呈阶梯状，认为R ≈ 1.5，R_x ≈ 2.0和R_x ≥ 2.2分别代表核形变的三个区域，即球型核、过渡区核和形变核。通过与相邻(Z,N + 1)偶偶核低激发态能级相比较的方法对各低激发能级组态的主要成分进行了估计，发现随自旋的增加，出现了各能级组态之间的混杂。

沈阳城市森林三维绿量测算

为了探讨城市森林三维绿量的测算方式及精度,该文利用2001年8月沈阳市真彩航片和抽样调查,借助ARC/GIS,以“立体量推算立体量”的方法测算沈阳城市森林三维绿量.结果表明,不同城市森林类型的单位面积三维绿量以风景游憩林最高,为5.35 m3/m2,附属林4.93 m3/m2,道路林3.65 m3/m2,生态公益林3.62 m3/m2,生产经营林2.35m3/m2;城市森林分布区的单位面积三维绿量为4.25 m3/m2;城区单位面积城市森林三维绿量为0.35 m3/m2.沈阳城市森林总体三维绿量为161 296 716.85 m3,其中附属林为60 116 966.36 m3,占37.27%,生态公益林43 321 771.43 m3,占26.86%,风景游憩林30 482 879.04 m3,占18.90%,道路林23 841 208.75 m3,占14.78%,生产经营林3 533 891.27 m3,占2.19%.经检验,该方法精度达到85.50%(α=0.05).

湘南瑶岗仙钨矿床成矿流体地球化学

瑶岗仙钨矿床位于湘东南后加里东隆起和湘、桂、粤北海西—印支坳陷带的交接部位，是南岭地区最典型的石英脉型钨矿床之一。为了深入研究瑶岗仙钨矿的成矿机制，本文在野外地质工作基础上，选取有代表性的样品，进行了氦、氩同位素以及碳、氧、硫稳定同位素研究，探讨了矿床成矿流体的来源，成岩成矿的关系，并初步讨论了矿床的成因模式。论文主要获得以下认识： （1）对瑶岗仙矿区不同硫化物中流体包裹体的氦、氩同位素系统测定表明，该矿床毒砂流体包裹体中3He/4He比值为0.58~2.60 Ra；黄铁矿和黄铜矿流体包裹体中3He/4He比值分别为0.41~1.26 Ra 和0.37~0.43 Ra，黑钨矿流体包裹体中氦同位素组成相对变化较大，其3He/4He比值为0.05~0.49 Ra，这些He同位素组成均明显高于地壳相应值；毒砂流体包裹体中的40Ar/36Ar变化范围在309.94~454.39；黄铁矿流体包裹体中的40Ar/36Ar变化范围在409.12~1822.31；黄铜矿和黑钨矿流体包裹体中的40Ar/36Ar变化范围分别为673~886和325~903，明显高于饱和大气雨水的40Ar/36Ar值。上述氦、氩同位素组成揭示瑶岗仙钨矿床中的成矿流体具有壳、幔两端元混合的特点。结合区域地质构造演化和成矿年代学的研究成果，本文认为瑶岗仙钨矿床的成矿流体是瑶岗仙花岗岩浆分异出的含有地幔He的岩浆流体与大气成因地下水二端元混合的产物。 （2）层解石和方解石的C、O同位素显示，该矿方解石的13CPDB和18OSMOW的变化范围为-2.2‰~ -7.0‰（均值为-4.8‰）和5.6‰~14.4‰（均值为11.3‰）；层解石的13CPDB和18OSMOW的变化范围为-5.5‰~ -6.3‰（均值为-5.8‰）和12.7‰~14.3‰（均值为13.8‰）；该矿方解石、层解石的C、O同位素组成与赣南西华山钨矿床非常类似。这些C、O同位素指示，该矿的成矿流体主要来自岩浆水，后期有少量大气降水的参与。 （3）对瑶岗仙矿区不同硫化物的硫同位素研究表明，该矿硫化物δ34S值的变化范围很窄，为-2.0‰~1.5‰之间，且具有明显的塔式分布。这些特征暗示，该矿的硫来源单一，主要来自岩浆。 （4）瑶岗仙花岗岩过去被视为典型的S型花岗岩，但本文研究发现该花岗岩普遍含有地幔He。结合区域构造背景的最新研究成果，本文认为，原来被认为“由地壳物质重熔形成的”瑶岗仙S型花岗岩体，实际上也是一种岩石圈伸展背景条件下壳幔相互作用的产物，地幔物质和能量的参与在该花岗岩的形成过程中发挥了重要作用。 （5）瑶岗仙钨矿床与矿区复式花岗岩体具有密切时空关系，而且该矿的主要成矿流体和成矿物质均来自矿区花岗岩，故两者亦应具成因联系。

Neural Network and Bioinformatic Methods for Predicting HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Resistance

This article presents a new method for predicting viral resistance to seven protease inhibitors from the HIV-1 genotype, and for identifying the positions in the protease gene at which the specific nature of the mutation affects resistance. The neural network Analog ARTMAP predicts protease inhibitor resistance from viral genotypes. A feature selection method detects genetic positions that contribute to resistance both alone and through interactions with other positions. This method has identified positions 35, 37, 62, and 77, where traditional feature selection methods have not detected a contribution to resistance. At several positions in the protease gene, mutations confer differing degress of resistance, depending on the specific amino acid to which the sequence has mutated. To find these positions, an Amino Acid Space is introduced to represent genes in a vector space that captures the functional similarity between amino acid pairs. Feature selection identifies several new positions, including 36, 37, and 43, with amino acid-specific contributions to resistance. Analog ARTMAP networks applied to inputs that represent specific amino acids at these positions perform better than networks that use only mutation locations.

Second Metatarsophalangeal joint Synovitis: Update

In podiatric clinics is very common to find inflamatory process in metatarsophalangeal joint capsule , plantar plate and collateral ligaments damage, but it is not clearly recognized. Many authors hipotetized with joint instability of multiple aetiology and his concomitant evolution in different stages with own joint disease. This pathology has more incidence in second metatarsophalangeal joint than third and others and it is a common etiology of metatarsal pain. Bad biomechanics alters forefoot function and can produce overload in capsular joint, decreasing mobility and getting worse the pathology.