Nutrição mineral de hortaliças LXXIV: marcha de absorção de nutrientes pela cultura do rabanete

De uma plantação situada em um Latossolo Vermelho Escuro Orto, série "Luiz de Queiroz" de alta fertilidade natural, amostras de plantas foram coletadas aos 12, 24, 36 e 48 dias após a germinação. Determinou-se o peso da matéria secadas plantas divididas em parte aerea e raiz. As concentrações de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn foram determinadas no material coletado. Os autores verificaram que a produção de matéria seca é continua até ao final do ciclo. As concentrações dos nutrientes é elevada tanto em parte aerea como na raiz. Uma população teórica de 1.250.000 plantas/ha extraem aos 48 dias de idade: N - 276 kg; P - 38,7 kg; K -574,6 kg; Ca - 105,1 kg; Mg - 45,8 kg; Cu - 23,4 g; Fe - 3195 g; Mn - 366,8 g e Zn - 341,9 g.

The voices and protests of China's labour NGOs and their effort to promote migrant worker rights

Labour NGOs in China are relatively new organizations that emerged in the 1990s and have spread during the 2000s. Migrant workers in China are weak both socially and economically and have been lacking ways of voicing grievances and protesting. Grassroots labour NGOs for migrant workers seem to be an efficient channel for their voices. This paper examines how labour NGOs emerged and how they function in the context of current Chinese society. This paper adopts the case study method to describe three NGOs in Beijing and Shenzhen. The paper shows that these NGOs are using different methods to resolve migrant worker problems. At the same time, they are voicing the migrants' grievances and protesting in their own ways.

La consulta previa en el Perú: avances y retos

El propósito de este trabajo es examinar los esfuerzos realizados y los retos pendientes tras cinco años de implementación del derecho a la consulta previa en el Perú, entre 2011 y mediados del 2016. Este trabajo se divide en tres secciones. La primera ofrece una visión general de los procesos de consulta que se han producido en el Perú hasta diciembre de 2015. La segunda sección examina el papel de los diferentes grupos de interés en relación con este nuevo derecho, mientras que la tercera examina tres casos relacionados directa o indirectamente con las industrias extractivas. El trabajo termina con conclusiones sobre la importancia y los retos de poner en práctica este derecho, y con reflexiones acerca de cómo la elección de un nuevo gobierno en 2016 podría afectar este proceso.

Colucci, Alba Lía (2012), La geografía y el desarrollo local. Gestión y redes en los municipios de la provincia de Santiago del Estero. Santiago del Estero, Universidad Católica de Santiago del Estero, 2012. 366 p. ISBN 978-950-31-0073-8.

Fil: Molina, Gladys. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Chirality in the new generation of antidepressants: stereoselective analysis of the enantiomers of mirtazapine, N-demethylmirtazapine, and 8-hydroxymirtazapine by LC-MS.

Mirtazapine is an antidepressant that acts specifically on noradrenergic and sertonergic receptors. A LC-MS method was developed that allows the simultaneous analysis of the R-(-)- and S-(+)-enantiomers of mirtazapine (MIR), demethylmirtazapine (DMIR), and 8-hydroxymirtazapine (8-OH-MIR) in plasma of MIR-treated patients. The method involves a 3-step liquid-liquid extraction, an HPLC separation on a Chirobiotic V column, and MS detection in electrospray mode. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for all enantiomers was 0.5 ng/mL, and the intra- and interday CVs were within 3.3% to 11.7% (concentration ranges 5-50 ng/mL). A method is also presented for the quantitative analysis of glucuroconjugated MIR and 8-OH-MIR. S-(+)-8-OH-MIR is present in plasma mainly as its glucuronide. Preliminary data suggest that in all patients, except in those comedicated with CYP2D6 inhibitors such as fluoxetine and thioridazine, R-(-)-MIR concentrations were higher than those of S-(+)MIR. Moreover, fluvoxamine seems also to inhibit the metabolism of MIR. Therefore, this method seems to be suitable for the stereoselective assay of MIR and its metabolites in plasma of patients comedicated with MIR and other drugs for routine and research purposes.

Molecular interactions between the penetration enhancer 1,8-cineole and human skin

Penetration enhancers are chemicals that temporarily and reversibly diminish the barrier function of the outermost layer of skin, the stratum corneum, to facilitate drug delivery to and through the tissue. In the current study, the complex mechanisms by which 1,8-cineole, a potent terpene penetration enhancer, disrupts the stratum corneum barrier is investigated using post-mortem skin samples. In order to validate the use of excised tissue for these and related studies, a fibre optical probe coupled to an FT-Raman spectrometer compared spectroscopic information for human skin recorded from in vivo and in vitro sampling arrangements. Spectra from full-thickness (epidermis and dermis) post-mortem skin samples presented to the spectrometer with minimal sample preparation (cold acetone rinse) were compared with the in vivo system (the forearms of human volunteers). No significant differences in the Raman spectra between the in vivo and in vitro samples were observed, endorsing the use of post-mortem or surgical samples for this investigational work. Treating post-mortem samples with the penetration enhancer revealed some unexpected findings: while evidence for enhancer-induced disruption of the barrier lipid packing in the stratum corneum was detected in some samples, spectra from other samples revealed an increase in lipid order on treatment with the permeation promoter. These findings are consistent with phase-separation of the enhancer within the barrier lipid domains as opposed to homogeneous disruption of the lipid lamellae. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.