Influência da exposição a fumaça lateral do cigarro sobre o ganho de peso e o consumo alimentar de ratas gestantes: análise do peso e do comprimento dos filhotes ao nascimento

OBJETIVOS: analisar o efeito do tabagismo sobre o ganho ponderal e o consumo alimentar de ratas durante a gestação, e o peso e comprimento dos filhotes ao nascimento. MÉTODOS: foram estudadas 51 ratas (Wistar) do 2º dia até o final da gestação, divididas em três grupos: Grupo F: 15 ratas expostas à fumaça de dois cigarros/animal/dia + ar comprimido (10 L/min); Grupo Ar: 18 ratas expostas ao ar comprimido (10 L/min); Grupo C: 18 ratas não manipuladas e não expostas. Os parâmetros aferidos foram: peso das ratas e seu consumo alimentar e comprimento e peso dos filhotes ao nascer. Foi aplicado o teste de Lavene para verificação do comportamento da distribuição das variáveis numéricas, e para análises paramétricas utilizou-se o ANOVA ou teste t de Student, conforme o caso. O nível de significância adotado foi p<0,05. RESULTADOS: as ratas expostas ao tabaco consumiram menos alimentos por dia [Grupo F=18,9 (±1,2) vs Grupo Ar=21,7 (±1,6) vs Grupo C=24,2 (±1,7); (p<0,05)] e apresentaram menor ganho ponderal ao final da gestação em relação às ratas expostas ao ar comprimido e ao grupo controle: peso no vigésimo dia de gestação: Grupo F=338,9 g (±13,8) vs Grupo Ar=352,3g (±15,9) vs Grupo C=366,3 g (±13,1); p<0,001). O peso dos filhotes ao nascimento [(Grupo F=5,5 g (±0,3); Grupo Ar=5,9 g (±0,5); Grupo C=5,9 g (±0,4) p<0,01] e o comprimento ao nascer [Grupo F=6,8 cm (±0,2); Grupo Ar=6,9 cm (±0,2); Grupo C=6,9 cm (±0,1) p<0,05] foram significativamente menores no grupo de ratas expostas ao tabaco em relação aos outros dois grupos, que não diferiram entre si. CONCLUSÕES: a exposição ao tabaco reduziu o ganho ponderal e o consumo alimentar das ratas durante a gestação e produziu redução do peso e do comprimento dos filhotes ao nascimento.

First radiation hybrid map of the river buffalo X chromosome (BBUX) and comparison with BTAX

We report the first radiation hybrid map of the river buffalo X chromosome generated from a recently constructed river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) whole-genome radiation hybrid panel (BBURH5000). This map contains a total of 33 cattle-derived markers, including 10 genes, four ESTs and 19 microsatellites. The markers are distributed in two linkage groups: LG1 contains eight markers spanning 125.6 cR, and LG2 contains 25 markers spanning 366.3 cR. LG1 contains six markers in common with bovine sequence assembly BUILD 3.1. With the exception of BMS2152, the order of these markers on our BBUX map is shuffled when compared to the cow X chromosome (Bos taurus; BTAX). From LG2, two markers (AMELX and BL22) map to a more distal portion of BTAX compared to BBUX. In addition, two pairs of LG2 markers exhibit inversions compared to BTAX (ILSTS017 and ATRX; XBM38 and PPEF1). Alternatively, when compared to the most recent bovine RH map (Bov-Gen 3000rads), BL1098 and BMS2227 from LG1 as well as PLS3 and BMS1820 from LG2 showed inverted positions on the BBUX map. These discrepancies in buffalo and cattle maps may reflect evolutionary divergence of the chromosomes or mapping errors in one of the two species. Although the set of mapped markers does not cover the entire X chromosome, this map is a starting point for the construction of a high-resolution map, which is necessary for characterization of small rearrangements that might have occurred between the Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus X chromosomes.

Mapeamento RH comparativo do cromossomo X de búfalo de rio (Bubalus bubalis) / Patrícia Ianella

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Labor clauses in regional trade agreements and effects on labor conditions : an empirical analysis

An increasing number of bilateral or plurilateral trade agreements (or regional trade agreements: RTAs) include "labor clauses" that require or urge the signatory countries to commit to maintaining a certain level of labor standards. This paper performs an empirical analysis of the impacts of such labor clauses provided in RTAs on working conditions that laborers in the RTA signatory countries actually face, using macro-level data for a wide variety of countries. The paper first examines the texts of labor provisions in more than 220 effective RTAs and (re-)classifies "RTAs with labor clauses" according to two criteria: (i) the agreement urges or expects the signatory countries to harmonize their domestic labor standards with internationally recognized standards, and (ii) the agreement stipulates the procedures for consultations and/or dispute settlement on labor-condition issues between the signatory countries. Based on this labor-clause RTA classification, the paper estimates the impacts of RTA labor clauses on working conditions in countries with two empirical specifications using the sample covering 136 countries or economies and years from 1995 through 2011. The estimation is extended to takes into account possible lags in the labor-condition effects of labor clauses as well as to consider potential difference in the impacts for countries in different income levels. The empirical results for the four measures of labor conditions (mean monthly real earnings, mean weekly work hours per employee, fatal occupational injury rate, and the number of the ILO's Core Conventions ratified) find no evidence for possible pro-labor-condition effects of RTA labor clauses overall, which should be consistent with the view of economics literature that questions the relevance of linking trade policy with issues in the domestic labor standards.

CL 71.366 1-(3-dimetilaminopropil)-4-(p. metoxifenil) dihidrocloridrato de piperazina no tratamento da doença de Chagas

Os autores trataram 13 indivíduos com a doença de Chagas, 4 na fase aguda e 9 na fase crônica, forma indeterminada, com o CL 71.366 do Laboratório Lederle, usando diferentes esquemas terapêuticos nos dois grupos. Embora a droga fosse relativamente bem suportada pela maioria dos indivíduos, todos os chagásicos, após o tratamento, continuavam com parasitemia demonstrável pelos xenodiagnósticos, apesar do controle de cura não ter sido rigoroso. Concluem os autores pela ineficácia do medicamento no tratamento da doença de Chagas, nos esquemas utilizados.

Ms.Ff.F.Stoltze 3. 366 - Brief von Friedrich Stoltze an Feodor Körber

Frankfurter Latern, Manuskript

Field Data Acquisition Technologies for Iowa Transportation Agencies, HR-366 August 1994

This report describes the results of the research project investigating the use of advanced field data acquisition technologies for lowa transponation agencies. The objectives of the research project were to (1) research and evaluate current data acquisition technologies for field data collection, manipulation, and reporting; (2) identify the current field data collection approach and the interest level in applying current technologies within Iowa transportation agencies; and (3) summarize findings, prioritize technology needs, and provide recommendations regarding suitable applications for future development. A steering committee consisting oretate, city, and county transportation officials provided guidance during this project. Technologies considered in this study included (1) data storage (bar coding, radio frequency identification, touch buttons, magnetic stripes, and video logging); (2) data recognition (voice recognition and optical character recognition); (3) field referencing systems (global positioning systems [GPS] and geographic information systems [GIs]); (4) data transmission (radio frequency data communications and electronic data interchange); and (5) portable computers (pen-based computers). The literature review revealed that many of these technologies could have useful applications in the transponation industry. A survey was developed to explain current data collection methods and identify the interest in using advanced field data collection technologies. Surveys were sent out to county and city engineers and state representatives responsible for certain programs (e.g., maintenance management and construction management). Results showed that almost all field data are collected using manual approaches and are hand-carried to the office where they are either entered into a computer or manually stored. A lack of standardization was apparent for the type of software applications used by each agency--even the types of forms used to manually collect data differed by agency. Furthermore, interest in using advanced field data collection technologies depended upon the technology, program (e.g.. pavement or sign management), and agency type (e.g., state, city, or county). The state and larger cities and counties seemed to be interested in using several of the technologies, whereas smaller agencies appeared to have very little interest in using advanced techniques to capture data. A more thorough analysis of the survey results is provided in the report. Recommendations are made to enhance the use of advanced field data acquisition technologies in Iowa transportation agencies: (1) Appoint a statewide task group to coordinate the effort to automate field data collection and reporting within the Iowa transportation agencies. Subgroups representing the cities, counties, and state should be formed with oversight provided by the statewide task group. (2) Educate employees so that they become familiar with the various field data acquisition technologies.

Antioxidant compoundsand total antioxidant activity in fruits of acerola from cv. Flor Branca, Florida Sweet and BRS 366

Information on antioxidant properties at different ontological stages may help producers and food technologists to identify which cultivar and/or maturity stage are most adequate for their need, therefore this work aimed to study the changes in the antioxidant metabolism during acerola development. Fruit from cv. Flor Branca, BRS366 and Florida Sweet were harvested at different stages: immature green colored (I), physiologically mature with green color and maximum size (II), breaker (III) and full red ripe (IV). After harvest, fruits were selected, divided into four replications with 500 g each and evaluated regarding their titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, total soluble sugar, vitamin C, polyphenol, anthocyanin, yellow flavonoid, total antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme activity. Anthocyanin and flavonoid were determined through LC-DAD-ESI/MS and all analysis followed a completely randomized factorial 3 x 4 design. Fruits of 'Florida Sweet' presented significantly higher soluble solids (9.46ºBrix). Vitamin C content decreased during ripening, but ripe 'BRS 366' fruits showed the greatest values (1363 mg.100 g-1) and highest TAA with 42.36 µM TEAC.g-1FW. Cyanidin 3-rhamnoside (520.76 mg.100 g-1 DM) and quercetin 3-rhamnoside (33.72 mg.100 g-1 DM) were the most abundant anthocyanin and yellow flavonoids found mainly in 'Flor Branca' fruit of acerola, whose antioxidant enzymes activities were also higher. Ripe 'Florida Sweet' fruit presents a great potential for fresh consumption, meanwhile physiologically mature 'BRS 366' fruit seems the best option for the bioactive compounds processing industry. As 'Flor Branca' fruit of acerola kept the highest activity levels, it could be an indicative of greater potential for postharvest conservation.

Les contemporains : études et portraits littéraires. 3e série, Octave Feuillet. Edmond et Jules de Goncourt. Pierre Loti. H. Rabusson. J. de Glouvet. J. Soulary. Le Duc d'Aumale. Gaston Paris. Les Femmes de France. Chroniqueurs parisiens. Henry Fouquier. Henri Rochefort. Jean Richepin. Paul Bourget. Série 3 / Jules Lemaître

Collection : Nouvelle bibliothèque littéraire

Les contemporains : études et portraits littéraires. 3e série, Octave Feuillet. Edmond et Jules de Goncourt. Pierre Loti. H. Rabusson. J. de Glouvet. J. Soulary. Le Duc d'Aumale. Gaston Paris. Les Femmes de France. Chroniqueurs parisiens. Henry Fouquier. Henri Rochefort. Jean Richepin. Paul Bourget. Série 3 / Jules Lemaître

Collection : Nouvelle bibliothèque littéraire