Solid state F-19 NMR determination of new structure formation in FEP following radiolysis at 300 and 363 K

The radiation chemistry of FEP copolymer with a mole fraction TFE of 0.90 has been studied using Co-60 gamma -radiation at temperatures of 300 and 363 K. New structure formation in the copolymers was analysed by solid state F-19 NMR. New chain scission products were the principal new structures found. The G-value for the formation of new -CF3 groups was 2.2 and 2.1 for the radiolysis of FEP at 300 and 363 K, respectively, and the G-value for the loss of original -CF3 groups was G(-CF3) = 1.0 and 0.9 at these two temperatures, respectively. There was a nett loss of -CF- groups on irradiation, with G(-CF) of 1.3 and 0.9 at 300 and 363 K, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Vth "prapāṭhaka" of the Vādhūlaśrautasūtra

Résumé/Summary : La thèse présentée ici et intitulée The Vth prapāṭhaka of the Vādhūlaśrautasūtra consiste en une édition critique suivie d'une traduction et d'un commentaire du Ve chapitre (prapāṭhaka) du Vādhūlaśrautasūtra consacré au sacrifice animal dit "indépendant" (nirūḍhapaśubandha) de la religion védique. La traduction et le commentaire font l'objet du premier tome de cette thèse et l'édition critique celui du second tome. Le commentaire qui suit la traduction dans le premier tome ne se limite pas aux particularités de la version Vādhūla du nirūḍhapaśubandha. Il s'agit plutôt d'une série de monographies consacrées à des aspects particuliers du sacrifice animal décrit par les Veda, voire à des questions plus générales d'exégèse des textes védiques. Dans ma conclusion à la fin du premier tome je discute aussi de l'antiquité de l'école Vādhūla et de sa place dans le corpus textuel de la branche Taittirīya du Yajurveda noir. THE PRESENT THESIS, ENTITLED THE VTH PRAPAṭHAKA OF THE VADHULASRAUTASUTRA, CONSISTS IN A CRITICAL EDITION, FOLLOWED BY A TRANSLATION AND A COMMENTARY, OF THE VTH CHAPTER (PRAPAṭHAKA) OF THE VADHULASRAUTASUTRA. THE VTH PRAPAṭHAKA IS DEDICATED TO THE DESCRIPTION OF THE SO-CALLED "INDEPENDENT" ANIMAL SACRIFICE (NIRUḍHAPASUBANDHA) IN VEDIC RELIGION. THE TRANSLATION AND THE COMMENTARY ARE PRESENTED IN THE FIRST VOLUME, WHILE THE CRITICAL EDITION MAKES UP THE SECOND VOLUME. The commentary that follows the translation in the first volume is not concerned only with the peculiarities of the Vādhūla version of the nirūḍhapaśubandha. It is more a series of short monographs related to particular aspects of the animal sacrifice described in the Veda and to problems of exegesis of Vedic texts. In my conclusion at the end of the first volume, I also discuss the ancientness of the Vādhūla school, as well as its place within the corpus of Taittirīya texts.

Ornament of Reason : an annoted english translation of rMa bya Byang chub brtson 'grus's : commentary to the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā

The present work contains an English translation of the Ornament of Reason (Tib. dBu ma'i rtsa ba shes rab kyi 'grel ba thad pa'i rgyan), an influential 12th century Tibetan commentary to a classic of Indian Buddhism, Nàgàrjuna's Root of the Middle Way (Skt. Mûlamadhyamaka-kârikâ Tib. dBu ma'i rtsa ba shes rab ces bya ba). The author, rMa bya byang chub brtson 'grus's, was among the first Tibetans to explicitly align themselves with the philosophical project of the 7th century Indian Madhyamaka teacher, CandrakTrti. With his stern revision and transformative re-employment of the epistemological framework that CandrakTrti otherwise scorns, rMa bya was however to develop an original and highly influential Madhyamaka interpretation.¦rMa bya's "topical outline" (Tib. sa bead) of his commentary is contained in the first appendix to the translation. The second appendix contains a digitalized version of the Rumtek edition of rMa bya's commentary, cross-referenced to the page numbers of the translation. The annotations contain concise explanatory remarks and suggestions for further reading, as well as identifications of the passages that rMa bya cites.

Al-Bīrūnī's Kitāb Sānk and Kitāb Pātanğal:A Historical and Textual Study

The historical pole of this research distinguishes differing historical and cultural contexts in which the scholar al-Bïrûnî evolved. Between the years 973 and 1017, he lived in Khwarezm (Kät and JürjänTya), Ray, and Jürjän. He also dwelt in Kabul and Ghazna, both situated on a passage between Persia and India, and travelled to some parts of early medieval India between the years 1017 and 1030. Evidence pointing to him having made actual direct observations beyond the abode of Islam remains scanty. According to his writings, only five locales emerge as having been visited by him, all situated in today's Afghanistan and Pakistan. When al-BTrunl visited these places, he encountered the society of the Indian Shähis, who followed a form of Brahmanism. Al-Bïrûnï's knowledge of Sanskrit was the result of a long process that lasted at least 30 years (1000-1030). In order to reach the level of Sanskrit that enabled him to translate several works from Sanskrit into Arabic, he needed to work with literate people well-versed in Sanskrit, who may also have had some comprehension of Arabic, and/or Persian. The textual pole of this dissertation examines the question of the relationship between al- Bïrûnï's Arabic Kitab Sank and Kitäb Pätangal - two works related to Sämkhya-Yoga - and their possible Sanskrit sources. A philological survey based on these Arabic translations and on Sämkhya-Yoga Sanskrit literature highlights that al-Bïrûnï's translations, both, are related to the classical phase in the development of these two Indian philosophical systems. Despite the early spread of Yoga and Sämkhya ideas through Sanskrit literature, it seems that between the early 11th and 16th centuries they lost vitality amongst Indian scholars. Therefore, al-Bïrûnï's translation of works related to these specific Indian philosophies in the early 11th century CE deserves attention. The second pole of this study also demonstrates that al-BTrünl's hermeneutics played an important part in his transmission of these two Indian schools of thought, as he highly transformed his source in both form and substance. This dissertation considers the question of the relationship between al-Bïrûnï's Arabic translations and their possible Sanskrit sources from the viewpoint of Translation Studies; which makes it possible to point out potential candidates for being al-Bïrûnï's original Sanskrit sources with some confidence. Overall, the Kitäb Sank and the Kitäb Pätangal represent original works of Sämkhya and Yoga, as viewed and transmitted by a Perso-Muslim scholar, rather than pure translations of Sanskrit work.