Phytochemical-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for nose-to-brain olfactory drug delivery

Central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery is often hampered due to the insidious nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nose-to-brain delivery via olfactory pathways have become a target of attention for drug delivery due to bypassing of the BBB. The antioxidant properties of phytochemicals make them promising as CNS active agents but possess poor water solubility and limited BBB penetration. The primary aim of this study was the development of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with the poorly water-soluble phytochemicals curcumin and chrysin which could be utilised for nose-to-brain delivery. We formulated spherical MSNP using a templating approach resulting in ∼220nm particles with a high surface porosity. Curcumin and chrysin were successfully loaded into MSNP and confirmed through Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and HPLC approaches with a loading of 11-14% for curcumin and chrysin. Release was pH dependant with curcumin demonstrating increased chemical stability at a lower pH (5.5) with a release of 53.2%±2.2% over 24h and 9.4±0.6% for chrysin. MSNP were demonstrated to be non-toxic to olfactory neuroblastoma cells OBGF400, with chrysin (100μM) demonstrating a decrease in cell viability to 58.2±8.5% and curcumin an IC50 of 33±0.18μM. Furthermore confocal microscopy demonstrated nanoparticles of <500nm were able to accumulate within cells with FITC-loaded MSNP showing membrane localised and cytoplasmic accumulation following a 2h incubation. MSNP are useful carriers for poorly soluble phytochemicals and provide a novel vehicle to target and deliver drugs into the CNS and bypass the BBB through olfactory drug delivery.

Uma reflexão histórica e crítica sobre música e educação: análise do projeto de lei do Senado n. 330 de 2006 que deu origem à Lei n. 11.769, de 18 de agosto de 2008

The objective of this study is to analyze the trajectory of the bill the Senate No. 330 of 2006 that led to Law no. 11,769 of 18 August 2008, amending Article 26 of the Law of Directives and Bases of Education (Act 9394 of 1996) to be held about the mandatory teaching of music in primary education, after more than 30 years of absence from the scene national public education, until to be sanctioned with partial veto, noting the historical importance of this artistic aspect as widely performed in various ways and for many different purposes. The return of the compulsory teaching of music reappears in the realms of teaching systematized public by bringing the possibility of thinking about music, see it beyond the medias execute that permeate society today.

A 330-360 GHz spectral survey of G34.3+0.15 - III. The outer halo

We have undertaken a 330-360 GHz molecular line survey of the halo gas surrounding the hot core associated with G34.26+0.15. In contrast to our molecular line survey of the hot core itself, where 338 lines from at least 38 species were detected, only 18 lines from 9 species were detected in the halo. The lines are mainly single transitions of simple di atomic and triatomic molecules. Lower limits to their column densities have been evaluated by an LTE method. In the case of methanol, where four transitions were detected, the rotation temperature and column density have been evaluated by the rotation diagram technique. We have modified the previous depth-dependent chemical model developed in Paper II to calculate the column densities observed along a general line of sight drawn through the model cloud. The model is also extended to produce beam-averaged column densities for better comparison with those observed. We compare the model column densities with those observed and make recommendations for future depth-dependent chemical modelling of hot cores.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 24 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Stefan Jacobwicz (p. I 12, 176-330)

1 Brief an Ernst Jacob von Max Horkheimer; 31 Briefe zwischen Stefan Jacobwicz und Max Horkheimer, 1936-1945; 1 Brief an die American Consul Lisabon von Max Horkheimer; 23 Briefe zwischen Heinz Jacoby, Lilli Jacoby und Max Horkheimer, 1936-1943; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an John B. Norman, 29.06.1942; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an George L. Warren; 1 Brief vom Service Social d'Aide aux Emigrants Paris an Heinz Jacobi, 18.01.1940; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Jaeger , 29.09.1937; 5 Brief zwischen Philip C. Jessup und Max Horkheimer, 15.10.1940-1941; 3 Briefe an die Jewish National and University Library Jerusalem von Max Horkheimer, 1943, 1949; 5 Briefe zwischen der Jewish Telegraphic Agency New York und Max Horkheimer, 1940; 2 Briefe zwischen Ernest Jones und Max Horkheimer, 29.04.1938, 11.05.1938; 14 Briefe zwischen der Journal of Criminal Psychopathology, Woodbourne und Max Horkheimer,1940-1941; 1 Brief vom Journal of Philosophy and Phenomenological Research Bufallo N.Y. an Max Horkheimer, 19.11.1940; 1 Brief an das Jüdisches Schwesternheim Stuttgart an Max Horkheimer, 29.12.1937; 1 Brief von Jean Juget an Max Horkheimer, 25.11.1935; 2 Briefe zwischen der Juilliard School of Music New York und Theodor W. Adorno, 17.07.1940, 18.07.1940; 2 Briefe zwischen Gustave S. Juliber und Max Horkheimer, 09.10.1938, 01.11.1938;