Venäjän politiikka ja perustuslaki : Tutkimus Venäjän perustuslakikäsitteistön kehityksestä 1900-luvulla

Constitutional politics in Russia, a conceptual history study of the constitutional rhetoric in the 20th century In April 2006 the Russian Constitution had its 100th anniversary. Following its late start, five constitutions have been adopted. The great number of constitutions is partly explained in my work by the fact that Russia s political system has changed many times, from one state system to another. From a monarchical state power, it changed first, with the October revolution, into the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic, and after that, in 1924, into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In 1991, the Russian Federation was established. The great number of constitutions can also be explained by the fact that in a one-party system, constitutional concepts became one of the most important instruments for introducing political programmes. When the political unity of the state was not only restricted by the Constitution, but also by the party ideology, the political debates concerning constitutional concepts were the key discussions for all the reformative pursuits of Soviet politics. It can be said that, in the Soviet Union, almost all political discourses dealt with constitutional concepts. In the context of restricted unity, the constitutional concepts were the most important tools to argue and create a basis for a new presentation and new political programmes. Thus, the basic feature of the Soviet political discourses has been a continuous competition regarding the constitutional concepts. By defining the constitutional concepts, a new, the political elites wanted especially to redefine, their own way, the traditional meanings of the October 1917 Revolution, and to differentiate them from those of the preceding period of power. From a methodological point of view, I argue that the Russian constitutional concepts make a conceptual historical approach very suitable, and change the focus on history. This approach studies history in contemporary contexts which follow after each other, and whose texts are the main research target. The picture of history is created through the interpretation of the original sources of contemporary contexts. Focusing on the dynamic and traditional characteristic of Russian constitutional concepts, I refer to a certain kind of value and the task of these concepts to justify and define the political and societal unity in every situation. This is done by combining the pursued future orientation of constitutional unity with the new acts of preservation of the traditional principles of the revolution. The different time layers of the constitutional concepts, the past, the present and the future, are the key aspects of storytelling in justifying the continuity and redefining the constitutional unity for the sake of reform. These aspects of constitutional concepts, in addition to all the other functions, have been the main elements of the argumentative structure of acting against opponents.

全新世气候事件及其对古文化发展的影响

全新世以来,气候和环境经历了多次变化幅度大、持续时间长、影响范围广的气候事件;同时,人类社会也经历了古代文明社会兴起与衰落阶段。本文主要以三个具体事例初步探讨了全新世气候事件对早期人类社会及其古文化的影响

ANALYSIS OF DRIVING FORCES ON THE CHANGE OF HISTORICAL FARMLAND USE IN SHANDONG PROVINCE DURING THE QING DYNASTY (1644-1911)

National Natural Science Foundation of China [40201005]; Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX3-SW-321, KZCX2-314, KZCX1-SW-321-4]

Visiones sobre construcción de paz, sociedad civil y fortalecimiento de la democracia

Como en los dos años anteriores, la Universidad del Rosario, por conducto del Observatorio Legislativo y el Grupo de Investigación en Derechos Humanos de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia, se ha asociado con la Fundación Hanns Seidel para organizar el III Concurso Nacional de Semilleros de Investigación, el cual tiene por objeto promover e incentivar la investigación entre los estudiantes de diferentes áreas del conocimiento, enfocada hacia temáticas de especial relevancia para el país, lo cual representa un aporte que, desde la etapa de formación, los futuros profesionales de nuestra nación hacen al análisis y la reflexión de esos temas que tanta relevancia tienen. La democracia, sus elementos, su materialización mediante la participación ciudadana, son un eje de especial importancia para investigar. La tercera versión del concurso permitió a los estudiantes participantes proponer interesantes tesis alrededor de la construcción de paz, la sociedad civil y el fortalecimiento de la democracia, tema de particular interés justo en este momento histórico del país, en el marco de los diálogos de paz que se adelantan desde octubre de 2012 en La Habana. Para lograr un estudio más profundo de las temáticas que se abordan en el concurso, la competencia se propone siempre en el marco de un seminario internacional que evoque el mismo tema. Este año, en asocio con el Observatorio de Restitución de Tierras y Derechos de la Propiedad Agraria, que representa el esfuerzo de cinco universidades colombianas por estudiar el tema de la tierra, tan emblemático en nuestro país, se organizó el diálogo mayor “Conflicto, desigualdad y desarrollo: trasformaciones agrarias y paz”, que contó con más de quinientos asistentes, procurando un análisis de expertos de alto nivel alrededor de las preguntas que deben plantearse los gobiernos, los líderes y la sociedad civil en la búsqueda de la anhelada paz. De las ponencias recibidas por parte de diferentes instituciones educativas del país en el marco de la convocatoria del concurso, veinte de ellas fueron seleccionadas para participar en la fase oral de los días 18 y 19 de septiembre de 2013 en la Universidad del Rosario. Tanto la fase oral como la escrita contaron con la participación de profesores de altas competencias profesionales y académicas que, como pares evaluadores y jurados en ambas fases, certificaron la calidad de las ponencias presentadas y con ello los resultados obtenidos. Por tercer año consecutivo las ponencias ganadoras del concurso son publicadas por la Editorial de la Universidad del Rosario y gracias a la financiación de la Fundación Hanns Seidel, que desde el principio creyó y respaldó esta iniciativa. Así pues, continuamos con nuestro deber académico de incentivar el debate a partir de la investigación en temas de actualidad jurídica, política y social realizada por los estudiantes y cumplimos con nuestro objetivo de seguir construyendo la Colección Semilleros de Investigación de la Universidad del Rosario, la cual es distribuida a las diferentes bibliotecas nacionales, departamentales y universitarias, con el fin de llegar al mayor número posible de destinatarios para que puedan conocer las reflexiones de nuestros estudiantes.

Caracterização da influência do tipo de sinterização na composição química, resistência à flexão e dureza de blocos cerâmicos para CAD/CAM

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fractional transepidermal delivery: a histological analysis

In autologous cell therapy, e.g. in melanocyte transplantation for vitiligo, a minimally invasive mode of transepidermal delivery of the isolated cells is of crucial importance to reduce potential side effects such as infections and scarring as well as to minimize the duration of sick leave.

Practice and procedure : a recent Court of Appeal case examines the meaning of 'third party payer' in terms of Part 3.4 of the Legal Profession Act 2007.

In Legal Services Commissioner v Wright [2010] QCA 321 the Queensland Court of Appeal allowed an appeal from the first instance decision. The decision involved the construction of “third party payer” in Part 3.4 of the Legal Profession Act 2007 (Qld).

Asymptomatic hypoechoic regions on patellar tendon ultrasound : a 4-year clinical and ultrasound followup of 46 tendons

Patellar tendon ultrasound appearance is commonly used in clinical practice to diagnose patellar tendinopathy and guide management. Using a longitudinal study design we examined whether or not the presence of a hypoechoic ultrasonographic lesion in an asymptomatic patellar tendon conferred a risk for developing jumper's knee compared with a tendon that was ultrasonographically normal. Ultrasonographic, symptomatic and anthropometric assessment was completed at baseline and followup. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on four tendons that resolved ultrasonographically in the study period. Forty-six patellar tendons were followed over 47 ± 11.8 months. Eighteen tendons were hypoechoic at baseline and 28 were ultrasonographically normal. Five tendons resolved ultrasonographically in the study period. Magnetic resonance imaging in four of these tendons was normal. Seven normal patellar tendons at baseline developed a hypoechoic area but only two became symptomatic. Analysis of ultrasonography at baseline and clinical outcome with Fisher's exact test shows there is no association between baseline ultrasound changes and symptoms at followup. In this study there is no statistically significant relationship between ultrasonographic patellar tendon abnormalities and clinical outcome in elite male athletes. Management of jumper's knee should not be solely based on ultrasonographic appearance; clinical assessment remains the cornerstone of appropriate management.