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eingerichtet E. Humperdinck

Reliable Fault Diagnosis for Low-Speed Bearings Using Individually Trained Support Vector Machines With Kernel Discriminative Feature Analysis

This paper proposes a highly reliable fault diagnosis approach for low-speed bearings. The proposed approach first extracts wavelet-based fault features that represent diverse symptoms of multiple low-speed bearing defects. The most useful fault features for diagnosis are then selected by utilizing a genetic algorithm (GA)-based kernel discriminative feature analysis cooperating with one-against-all multicategory support vector machines (OAA MCSVMs). Finally, each support vector machine is individually trained with its own feature vector that includes the most discriminative fault features, offering the highest classification performance. In this study, the effectiveness of the proposed GA-based kernel discriminative feature analysis and the classification ability of individually trained OAA MCSVMs are addressed in terms of average classification accuracy. In addition, the proposedGA- based kernel discriminative feature analysis is compared with four other state-of-the-art feature analysis approaches. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is superior to other feature analysis methodologies, yielding an average classification accuracy of 98.06% and 94.49% under rotational speeds of 50 revolutions-per-minute (RPM) and 80 RPM, respectively. Furthermore, the individually trained MCSVMs with their own optimal fault features based on the proposed GA-based kernel discriminative feature analysis outperform the standard OAA MCSVMs, showing an average accuracy of 98.66% and 95.01% for bearings under rotational speeds of 50 RPM and 80 RPM, respectively.

On the efficacy of Fourier series approximations for pricing European options

This paper investigates several competing procedures for computing the prices of vanilla European options, such as puts, calls and binaries, in which the underlying model has a characteristic function that is known in semi-closed form. The algorithms investigated here are the half-range Fourier cosine series, the half-range Fourier sine series and the full-range Fourier series. Their performance is assessed in simulation experiments in which an analytical solution is available and also for a simple affine model of stochastic volatility in which there is no closed-form solution. The results suggest that the half-range sine series approximation is the least effective of the three proposed algorithms. It is rather more difficult to distinguish between the performance of the halfrange cosine series and the full-range Fourier series. However there are two clear differences. First, when the interval over which the density is approximated is relatively large, the full-range Fourier series is at least as good as the half-range Fourier cosine series, and outperforms the latter in pricing out-of-the-money call options, in particular with maturities of three months or less. Second, the computational time required by the half-range Fourier cosine series is uniformly longer than that required by the full-range Fourier series for an interval of fixed length. Taken together,these two conclusions make a case for pricing options using a full-range range Fourier series as opposed to a half-range Fourier cosine series if a large number of options are to be priced in as short a time as possible.

Donor properties of metallomacrocyclic tetrapyrrole pigments with sym-trinitrobenzene

The interactions of metallo derivatives of macrocyclic tetrapyrrole pigments, pheophytin a (pheo), phthalocyanin (phth), and tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) with sym-trinitrobenzene (TNB) have been studied with use of spectroscopic methods. These macrocyles form 1:l molecular complexw with the acceptor. The association constants (K) for the interactions follow the decreasing order of binding as pheo > phth > TPP. The divalent metal ions influence the values of K for the various metallo TPP derivatives, and the relative order of stabilities decrease as Co > Cu = VO > Ni > Zn. The stereochemistry of M(TPP) and the electronic configuration of the metal ions are shown to contribute to the magnitudes of K. The acceptor strongly quenches the fluorescence of the metallo macrocycles, and the quenching constant decreases as pheo > phth > TPP. The formation of exciplexes is postulated on the basis of the rate of bimolecular quenching constants and solvent effects.

Synthesis and characterization of mono- and bis-D-pi-A cryptand derivatives for second-order nonlinear optics and its modulation with different metal ion inputs

Two new classes of mono- and bis-D-pi-A cryptand derivatives with a flexible and a rigid cryptand core have been synthesized. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of these molecules are probed. The three dimensional cavity of the cryptand moiety has been utilized to modulate the SHG intensity to different extents in solution with metal ion inputs such as Ni-II,Cu-II,Zn-II, and Cd-II. We also report that decomplexation events can be used to reversibly modulate their NLO responses.

Triarylborane-Appended New Triad and Tetrad: Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Anion Recognition

Facile synthesis of triad 3 and tetrad 4 incorporating -B(Mes)(2) (Mes = mesityl (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)), boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), and triphenylamine is reported. Introduction of two dissimilar acceptors (triarylborane and BODIPY) on a single donor resulted in two distinct intramolecular charge transfer processes (amine-to-borane and amine-to-BODIPY). The absorption and emission properties of the new triad and tetrad are highly dependent on individual building units. The nature of electronic communication among the individual fluorophore units has been comprehensively investigated and compared with building units. Compounds 3 and 4 showed chromogenic and fluorogenic responses for small anions such as fluoride and cyanide.

Toward an understanding of the turbidity measurement of fleterocoagulation rate constants of dispersions containing particles of different sizes

Our previous studies have shown that the determination of coagulation rate constants by turbidity measurement becomes impossible for a certain operating wavelength (that is, its blind point) because at this wavelength the change in the turbidity of a dispersion completely loses its response to the coagulation process. Therefore, performing the turbidity measurement in the wavelength range near the blind point should be avoided. In this article, we demonstrate that the turbidity measurement of the rate constant for coagulation of a binary dispersion containing particles of two different sizes (heterocoagulation) presents special difficulties because the blind point shifts with not only particle size but also with the component fraction. Some important aspects of the turbidity measurement for the heterocoagulation rate constant are discussed and experimentally tested. It is emphasized that the T-matrix method can be used to correctly evaluate extinction cross sections of doublets formed during the heterocoagulation process, which is the key data determining the rate constant from the turbidity measurement, and choosing the appropriate operating wavelength and component fraction are important to achieving a more accurate rate constant. Finally, a simple scheme in experimentally determining the sensitivity of the turbidity changes with coagulation over a wavelength range is proposed.

Potencial de mercado del queso de cabra, en el distrito cinco, Managua en el período 2012-2016

La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de analizar el ootencial de mercado del queso de cabra, en el distrito V Managua en el periodo 2012-2016. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva, en el cual se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario y la técnica aplicada fue la encuesta dirigida a consumidores y entrevista a distribuidores de queso de cabra, se logró conocer la oferta y demanda actual y potencial de este producto, los datos obtenidos se procesaron en el programa estadístico SPSS V.22, la población que se tomó en cuenta fue de 136, 219 habitantes de distrito Nº 5 y la muestra fue seleccionada tomando un 95 % confianza y un 5% de error la muestra fue de 202 elementos se les aplico la encuesta y se lograron los siguientes resultados, 31 personas actualmente consumen este producto y las cantidades de queso de cabra más demandadas son en presentaciones de 70 gramos y 100 gramos, este producto es demandado principalmente por personas procedentes de otros países pero nacionalizados en Nicaragua o que han salido del país por un largo tiempo y se han adaptado a la cultura de acompañar sus comidas con queso de cabra los cuales compran este producto con una frecuencia que se comprende en forma quincenal y ocasional, para esta última le asign amos un periodo de tres meses. Esta información permite concluir que existe demanda del queso de cabra, pero poca oferta del queso de cabra en el distrito V Managua. Los canales de comercialización más usados son el canal nivel 0, y el canal nivel 1 esto se debe a se reducen costos al comercializar el producto. Se estimaron los márgenes de comercialización para las presentaciones de 70 gramos el productor obtiene el 29.6% de ganancias y para las presentaciones de 100 gramos se logra un 26.43% de ganancias del precio final pagado por el consumidor. El queso de cabra está dirigido a personas de alto poder adquisitivo debido a que este producto tiene alto precio y comúnmente se encuentra ofertado en supermercados y tiendas delicatesen, además estos consumidores asumieron la cultura de consumir, y pagan altos precios por el producto ya que la demanda es mucha, pero la oferta debido a muchos problemas en la comercialización y producción reduce la oferta.

An egg production method for estimating spawning biomass of pelagic fish: Application to the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax

Fishery scientists engaged in estimating the size of free-swimming populations have never had a technique available to them whereby all the parameters could be estimated from a resource survey and where no parameter values need to be assumed. Recognizing the need for a technique of this kind, the staff of the Coastal Fisheries Resources Division of the Southwest Fisheries Center (SWFC) devised an egg production method for anchovy biomass assessment. Previously, anchovy biomass was estimated by approximate methods derived from a long-time series and anchovy larval abundance, which required about 5 ma of shiptime each year to integrate the area under a seasonal spawning curve. One major assumption used in the larval abundance census method is that there is constant proportionality between larval numbers and spawning biomass. This has now proved to be erroneous. (PDF file contains 105 pages.)

IL-8-induced L-selectin shedding regulates its binding kinetics to PSGL-1

L-selectin plays a crucial role in inflammation cascade by initiating the tethering and rolling of leukocytes on endothelium wall. While many L-selectin molecules are rapidly shed from the cell surface upon activation, the remaining membrane-anchored L-selectin may still play an important role in regulating leukocyte rolling and adhesion with different binding kinetics. Here we developed an in vitro model to activate Jurkat cells via interlukin-8 (IL-8) and quantified the two-dimensional (2D) binding kinetics, using a micropipette aspiration assay, of membrane-anchored L-selectin to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) ligand coupled onto human red blood cells (RBCs). The data indicated that L-selectin shedding reduced the amount of membrane-anchored L-selectin and lowered both its reverse and forward rates. These results suggested that the rolling dynamics of activated leukocytes was determined by two opposite impacts: reducing the surface presentation would enhance the rolling but lowering the kinetic rates would decrease the rolling. This finding provides a new insight into understanding how L-selectin shedding regulates leukocyte rolling and adhesion.

Modelagem e otimização de misturas ternárias de polipropileno (PP), borracha de etileno-propileno-dieno (EPDM) e pó de pneu (SRT).

O aumento nos rejeitos industriais e a contínua produção de resíduos causam muitas preocupações no âmbito ambiental. Neste contexto, o descarte de pneus usados tem se tornado um grande problema por conta da pequena atenção que se dá à sua destinação final. Assim sendo, essa pesquisa propõe a produção de uma mistura polimérica com polipropileno (PP), a borracha de etileno-propileno-dieno (EPDM) e o pó de pneu (SRT). A Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR), coleção de técnicas estatísticas e matemáticas úteis para desenvolver, melhorar e optimizar processos, foi aplicada à investigação das misturas ternárias. Após o processamento adequado em extrusora de dupla rosca e a moldagem por injeção, as propriedades mecânicas de resistência à tração e resistência ao impacto foram determinadas e utilizadas como variáveis resposta. Ao mesmo tempo, a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foi usada para a investigação da morfologia das diferentes misturas e melhor interpretação dos resultados. Com as ferramentas estatísticas específicas e um número mínimo de experimentos foi possível o desenvolvimento de modelos de superfícies de resposta e a otimização das concentrações dos diferentes componentes da mistura em função do desempenho mecânico e além disso com a modificação da granulometria conseguimos um aumento ainda mais significativo deste desempenho mecânico.