Wais III. Indice de comprensión verbal : Descripción de una muestra para las edades 25-34 años en la ciudad de La Plata, según género

En el marco de la segunda etapa del Proyecto de Investigación para la Construcción de Normas para los subtests que conforman el índice de Comprensión Verbal (ICV) de la Escala de Inteligencia para Adultos de Wechsler-WAIS III, para la ciudad de La Plata, se analizan los resultados observados sobre una muestra probabilística de 381 sujetos, entre 25-34 años, de nivel terciario y universitario, según el género. En el subtest de Información el mejor desempeño se observó en los varones de ambos grupos de edad. En el subtest de Analogías, el mejor desempeño se observó en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, seguido por el de los varones del grupo de edad 30-34 años.Las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años mostraron el mejor desempeño en comprensión verbal. Sólo para este caso; el ICV calculado se ubicó levemente por encima del promedio estandarizado. Las mujeres del grupo de edad 30- 34 años, y los varones, en ambos grupos de edad, mostraron un ICV calculado levemente por debajo del promedio estandarizado. Las diferencias entre el puntaje promedio obtenido en cada uno de los subtests para ambos géneros en los dos grupos de edad, y el promedio esperado, no son estadísticamente significativos (p es menor que 0,05). La misma interpretación corresponde realizar para el ICV. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, las ubica en el percentil 53 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 53de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados que dependen de los conocimientos adquiridos en la escuela y a través de la experiencia cultural, son de levemente superiores al promedio. Su capacidad para hacer uso del cuerpo de conocimiento general acumulado, para emitir juicios y resolver problemas tales como tareas de abstracción de las relaciones entre dos elementos distintos, o la de formar conceptos, son normales y alcanzan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 30-34 años, y en los varones de ambos grupos, ubica a los sujetos en el percentil 45 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 45de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados son normales aunque no llegan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El promedio de puntajes en cada uno de tres subtest que integran el ICV, así como el promedio en el ICV para ambos géneros, ubica a los sujetos dentro promedio esperado, según su grupos de edad (Paidós, 2002). Siguiendo los criterios establecidos en el Manual de la Prueba para la interpretación de las diferencias encontradas entre los puntajes e índices observados sobre una muestra de mujeres y varones instruidos, y los estandarizados, este Equipo considera que debería analizarse una muestra más amplia para determinar si dicha diferencia es inusual o resulta común en la población en general (Wechsler, 2002)

Wais III. Indice de comprensión verbal : Descripción de una muestra para las edades 25-34 años en la ciudad de La Plata, según género

En el marco de la segunda etapa del Proyecto de Investigación para la Construcción de Normas para los subtests que conforman el índice de Comprensión Verbal (ICV) de la Escala de Inteligencia para Adultos de Wechsler-WAIS III, para la ciudad de La Plata, se analizan los resultados observados sobre una muestra probabilística de 381 sujetos, entre 25-34 años, de nivel terciario y universitario, según el género. En el subtest de Información el mejor desempeño se observó en los varones de ambos grupos de edad. En el subtest de Analogías, el mejor desempeño se observó en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, seguido por el de los varones del grupo de edad 30-34 años.Las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años mostraron el mejor desempeño en comprensión verbal. Sólo para este caso; el ICV calculado se ubicó levemente por encima del promedio estandarizado. Las mujeres del grupo de edad 30- 34 años, y los varones, en ambos grupos de edad, mostraron un ICV calculado levemente por debajo del promedio estandarizado. Las diferencias entre el puntaje promedio obtenido en cada uno de los subtests para ambos géneros en los dos grupos de edad, y el promedio esperado, no son estadísticamente significativos (p es menor que 0,05). La misma interpretación corresponde realizar para el ICV. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, las ubica en el percentil 53 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 53de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados que dependen de los conocimientos adquiridos en la escuela y a través de la experiencia cultural, son de levemente superiores al promedio. Su capacidad para hacer uso del cuerpo de conocimiento general acumulado, para emitir juicios y resolver problemas tales como tareas de abstracción de las relaciones entre dos elementos distintos, o la de formar conceptos, son normales y alcanzan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 30-34 años, y en los varones de ambos grupos, ubica a los sujetos en el percentil 45 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 45de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados son normales aunque no llegan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El promedio de puntajes en cada uno de tres subtest que integran el ICV, así como el promedio en el ICV para ambos géneros, ubica a los sujetos dentro promedio esperado, según su grupos de edad (Paidós, 2002). Siguiendo los criterios establecidos en el Manual de la Prueba para la interpretación de las diferencias encontradas entre los puntajes e índices observados sobre una muestra de mujeres y varones instruidos, y los estandarizados, este Equipo considera que debería analizarse una muestra más amplia para determinar si dicha diferencia es inusual o resulta común en la población en general (Wechsler, 2002)

Wais III. Indice de comprensión verbal : Descripción de una muestra para las edades 25-34 años en la ciudad de La Plata, según género

En el marco de la segunda etapa del Proyecto de Investigación para la Construcción de Normas para los subtests que conforman el índice de Comprensión Verbal (ICV) de la Escala de Inteligencia para Adultos de Wechsler-WAIS III, para la ciudad de La Plata, se analizan los resultados observados sobre una muestra probabilística de 381 sujetos, entre 25-34 años, de nivel terciario y universitario, según el género. En el subtest de Información el mejor desempeño se observó en los varones de ambos grupos de edad. En el subtest de Analogías, el mejor desempeño se observó en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, seguido por el de los varones del grupo de edad 30-34 años.Las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años mostraron el mejor desempeño en comprensión verbal. Sólo para este caso; el ICV calculado se ubicó levemente por encima del promedio estandarizado. Las mujeres del grupo de edad 30- 34 años, y los varones, en ambos grupos de edad, mostraron un ICV calculado levemente por debajo del promedio estandarizado. Las diferencias entre el puntaje promedio obtenido en cada uno de los subtests para ambos géneros en los dos grupos de edad, y el promedio esperado, no son estadísticamente significativos (p es menor que 0,05). La misma interpretación corresponde realizar para el ICV. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, las ubica en el percentil 53 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 53de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados que dependen de los conocimientos adquiridos en la escuela y a través de la experiencia cultural, son de levemente superiores al promedio. Su capacidad para hacer uso del cuerpo de conocimiento general acumulado, para emitir juicios y resolver problemas tales como tareas de abstracción de las relaciones entre dos elementos distintos, o la de formar conceptos, son normales y alcanzan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 30-34 años, y en los varones de ambos grupos, ubica a los sujetos en el percentil 45 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 45de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados son normales aunque no llegan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El promedio de puntajes en cada uno de tres subtest que integran el ICV, así como el promedio en el ICV para ambos géneros, ubica a los sujetos dentro promedio esperado, según su grupos de edad (Paidós, 2002). Siguiendo los criterios establecidos en el Manual de la Prueba para la interpretación de las diferencias encontradas entre los puntajes e índices observados sobre una muestra de mujeres y varones instruidos, y los estandarizados, este Equipo considera que debería analizarse una muestra más amplia para determinar si dicha diferencia es inusual o resulta común en la población en general (Wechsler, 2002)

Sculptures from "Academy architecture," 1904-1908. A collection of all the sculptures published in vols. 25-34 of "Academy Architecture."

Mode of access: Internet.

The Southern Brazilian shelf: general characteristics, quaternary evolution and sediment distribution

Extending from latitude 34ºS to 22ºS the Southern Brazilian shelf constitutes the only part of the Brazilian shelf with a subtropical to temperate environment. The studies on the different geological aspects of the area began in the 1960's and have recently been reassessed after studies related to the determination of the Economic Exclusive Zone. In terms of morphology, the Southern Brazilian shelf may be divided into three sectors, the São Paulo Bight, the Florianópolis-Mostardas Sector and the Rio Grande Cone, characterized by conspicuous differences in terms of geological determining factors, bathymetry, declivities and the presence of canyons and channels. Despite the existence of hundreds of radiocarbon datings the sea level changes curve of southern Brazil during the Last Glacial Cycle is still a matter of debate. A recent controversy on the Middle and late Holocene sea level changes curve raised the question of the amplitude of the oscillations which occurred in the period. Also, a few but relatively consistent radiocarbon datings suggest the occurrence of a high sea level during Isotope Stage 3. In terms of sedimentary cover the Southern Brazilian shelf exhibits a very strong hydrodynamic control, both latitudinal and bathymetrical. The sector southward from 25ºS is characterized by the influence of the plume of water carrying sediments originating from the Río de La Plata. Actually its presence is conspicuous up to 28ºS, with the area between this latitude and 25ºS constituting a transitional zone. In terms of bathymetry the outer shelf is marked by the "floor-polisher" effect of the Brazil Current, which is responsible for the maintenance of a relict facies in areas deeper than 100 meters.

Morphological analysis of three populations of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari Gabaldón (Diptera: Culicidae) from Colombia

Based on the results of comparative analyses of 1,039 specimens of several progenies of Anopheles nuneztovarifrom three localities in Colombia, eight costal wing spot patterns were observed. Patterns I and III were the most frequent: 77.96% and 11.36%, respectively. Using the diagnostic characters ratio of the length of the basal dark area of hind tarsomere II/length of hind tarsomere II, ratio of the length of the humeral pale spot/length of the pre-humeral dark spot, and the ratio of the length of the subcostal pale spot/length of the distal sector dark spot (DS-III2/Ta-III2, HP/PHD, SCP/DSD) approximately 5% of the adult females were misidentified as a species of Nyssorhynchus, different from An. nuneztovari. Approximately 5% of the specimens showed DS-III2/Ta-III2 ratio less than 0.25 (range 0.21 - 0.24), and among them 3.34% shared a HP/PHD ratio less than 1.50. Consequently, 1.52% of An. nuneztovari individuals can be misidentified as Anopheles oswaldoi. In those specimens with the DS-III2/Ta-III2 ratios higher than 0.25, 34.45% displayed SCP/DSD values greater than 0.50 and of these, 3.65% displayed HP/PHD values greater than 1.8. This combination of characters could lead one to misidentify samples of An. nuneztovari as Anopheles rangeli. Similarly, 2.43% of the females could be identified erroneously as either Anopheles aquasalis or Anopheles benarrochi. Individuals with a HP/PHD ratio greater than 2.0, could be misidentified as Anopheles trinkae, Anopheles strodei or Anopheles evansae. A distinct combination of diagnostic characters for An. nuneztovari from Colombia is proposed.

Prevalência do HPV em mulheres rastreadas para o câncer cervical

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência da infecção genital por papilomavírus humano (HPV) de alto risco por faixa etária e fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra de 2.300 mulheres (15-65 anos) que buscaram rastreamento para o câncer cervical entre fevereiro de 2002 e março de 2003 em São Paulo e Campinas, estado de São Paulo. Aplicou-se questionário epidemiológico e realizou-se coleta cervical para citologia oncológica e teste de captura híbrida II. As análises estatísticas empregadas foram teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e análise multivariada pelo método forward likelihood ratio. RESULTADOS: A prevalência total da infecção genital por HPV de alto risco foi de 17,8%, distribuída nas faixas etárias: 27,1% (<25 anos), 21,3% (25-34 anos), 12,1% (35-44 anos), 12,0% (45-54 anos) e de 13,9% (55-65 anos). Participantes com maior número de parceiros sexuais durante a vida apresentaram maior freqüência da infecção. Relacionamento estável, idade de 35 a 44 anos e ex-fumantes foram associados à proteção da infecção. A infecção genital por HPV de alto risco ocorreu em 14,3% das citologias normais, em 77,8% das lesões escamosas de alto grau e nos dois (100%) casos de carcinoma. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência da infecção genital por HPV de alto risco na amostra estudada foi alta. Houve predomínio de casos abaixo dos 25 anos e tendência a um novo aumento após os 55 anos, com maior freqüência naqueles com maior número de parceiros sexuais durante a vida

Mudanças no âmbito da testagem anti-HIV no Brasil entre 1998 e 2005

OBJETIVO: Analisar mudanças na realização de teste anti-HIV, as razões alegadas entre as pessoas que foram ou não testadas e o recebimento de aconselhamento. MÉTODOS: Estudos transversais conduzidos com homens e mulheres de 16 a 65 anos, com amostras representativas do Brasil urbano em 1998 (n=3.600) e 2005 (n=5.040). Características sociodemográficas, sexuais, reprodutivas e de experiências de vida e saúde foram consideradas na análise. A avaliação das possíveis diferenças nas distribuições das variáveis baseou-se nos testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e F design-based (±<5%). RESULTADOS: Em 1998, 20,2% dos entrevistados haviam realizado o teste e 33,6% em 2005. Foram testadas 60% das mulheres na faixa 25-34 anos, mas as que iniciaram a vida sexual antes dos 16 anos e reportaram quatro ou mais parceiros sexuais nos cinco anos anteriores à entrevista foram menos testadas. Não se observou aumento significativo da testagem entre homens, exceto para os de 55-65 anos, renda per capita entre 1-3 e 5-10 salários mínimos, aposentados, protestantes históricos e adeptos de cultos afro-brasileiros, moradores da região Norte/Nordeste e os que declararam parceria homo/bissexual ou não tiveram relações sexuais nos cinco anos anteriores à entrevista. Não aumentou a freqüência de testagem entre pessoas auto-avaliadas como sob alto risco para o HIV. Entre as mulheres, a freqüência de testagem pré-natal aumentou e a testagem por trabalho diminuiu entre os homens. Em 2005, metade dos testados não recebeu orientação antes ou após o teste. CONCLUSÕES: Houve expansão desigual na testagem, atingindo principalmente mulheres em idade reprodutiva, adultas e pessoas com melhores condições sociais. A testagem parece estar aumentando no País sem a devida atenção à decisão autônoma das pessoas e sem o provimento de maior e melhor oferta de aconselhamento

Evaluation technique for determining wheel performance in the grinding of aerospace materials

Nickel-based super alloys are used in a variety of applications in which high-temperature strength and resistance to creep, corrosion, and oxidation are required, such as in aircraft gas turbines, combustion chambers, and automotive engine valves. The properties that make these materials suitable for these applications also make them difficult to grind. Grinding systems for such materials are often built around vitrified cBN (cubic boron nitride) wheels to realize maximum productivity and minimum cost per part. Conditions that yield the most economical combination of stock removal rate and wheel wear are key to the successful implementation of the grinding system. Identifying the transition point for excessive wheel wear is important. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of different cBN wheels when grinding difficult-to-grind (DTG) materials by determining the 'wheel wear characteristic curve', which correlates the G-ratio to the calculated tangential force per abrasive grain. With the proposed methodology, a threshold force per grit above which the wheel wear rate increases rapidly can be quickly identified. A comparison of performance for two abrasive product formulations in the grinding of three materials is presented. The obtained results can be applied for the development of grinding applications for DTG materials.

Jurisdictional trends in opioid overdose deaths, 1988-96

This report analysed data on opioid overdose mortality between 1988 and 1996 to: examine differences between jurisdictions in the rate of fatal opioid overdose and the rate of increase in overdose; and estimate the proportion of all deaths which were attributed to opioid overdose. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data were obtained on the number of deaths attributed to opioid dependence (ICD 9 codes 304.0, 304.7) and accidental opioid poisoning (ICD 9 codes E850.0, E850.1). The highest rate of fatal overdose occurred in NSW, followed by Victoria. The standardised mortality rate among other jurisdictions fluctuated quite markedly. While the rate of opioid overdose has increased throughout Australia, the rate of increase has been greater in some of the less-populous states and territories than it has in NSW or Victoria. In 1996, approximately 6.5% of all deaths among people aged 15-24 years and approximately 10% of all deaths among those aged 25-34 were due to opioid overdose. During the interval from 1988 to 1996, the proportion of deaths attributed to opioid overdose increased. From 1988 to 1996, the proportion of deaths attributed to opioid overdose among individuals aged 25-34 years was approximately one-third that attributed to suicide, but this proportion had increased to approximately one-half by 1996. The rate of increase in the proportion of deaths attributed to opioid overdose was higher than the rate of increase in the proportion of deaths attributed to suicide.

Youth suicide trends in Australian metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, 1988-1997

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine trends in suicide among 15-34-year-olds living in Australian metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas between 1988 and 1997. Method: Suicide and population data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. We calculated overall and method-specific suicide rates for 15-24 and 25-34-year-old males and females separately, according to area of residence defined as non-metropolitan (less than or equal to 20 000 people) or metropolitan. Results: Between 1988 and 1997 suicide rates in 15-24-year-old non-metropolitan males were consistently 50% higher than metropolitan 15-24-year-olds. In 1995-1997, for example, the rates were: 38.2 versus 25.1 per 100 000 respectively (p < 0.0001). The reverse pattern was seen in 25-34-year-old females with higher rates in metropolitan areas (7.5 per 100 000) compared with non-metropolitan areas (6.1 per 100 000, p = 0.21) in 1995-1997. There were no significant differences according to area of residence in 25-34-year-old males or 15-24-year-old females. Over the years studied we found no clear evidence that suicide rates increased to a greater extent in rural than urban areas. Rates of hanging suicide have approximately doubled in both sexes and age groups in both settings over this time. Despite an approximate halving in firearm suicide, rates remain 3-fold higher among non-metropolitan residents. Conclusion: Non-metropolitan males aged 15-24 years have disproportionately higher rates of suicide than their metropolitan counterparts. Reasons for this require further investigation. Hanging is now the most favoured method of non-metropolitan suicide replacing firearms from 10 years ago. Although legislation may reduce method-specific suicide the potential for method-substitution means that overall rates may not fall. More comprehensive interventions are therefore required.

Sexual behavior and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections among university students in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Objective: To investigate the sexual behavior and knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among undergraduate students in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires were used. Results: Most of the 447 students in the study were single (97.3%), in their first year of university (87.7%), and the mean ages were 20.4 years (males) and 19.8 years (females). Vaginal intercourse was practiced by 69.7% of males and 48.4% of females, oral sex by 64.5% of males and 43.7% of females, and anal sex by 18.4% of males and 14.1% of females. Use of a condom during vaginal sex was practiced by 80.4% of males and 74.8% of females and during anal sex by 47.8% of males and 30.0% of females. Knowledge of transmission of STIs was greater than 90% for HIV, syphilis, genital herpes, and gonorrhea; 63%-76% for HPV and genital warts; 30%-34% for Trichomonas and only 16% for Chlamydia. Only 25%-34% knew that HIV was transmitted by breastfeeding; 56%-60% knew that HIV was transmitted by anal sex. Conclusion: Many students engage in high-risk sexual behavior with multiple partners and use condoms inconsistently. Knowledge of the acquisition and modes of sexual and vertical transmission of HIV are strikingly deficient. (C) 2010 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization of autopsy-proven fatal asthma patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Few data are available on autopsy-proven fatal asthma patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil. We characterized 73 asthma patients who were autopsied at the Servico de Verificacao de Obitos do Universidade de Sao Paulo between 1996 and 2004. An interview with the next of kin assessed socioeconomic status, history, and treatment of asthma. There were 42 women and 31 men. Fifty-six (76.7%) of them were older than 34 years. Sixty-three percent were Caucasians, 77.3% had < 8 years of schooling, and the median income was 1.6 times the minimum wage. Twenty-two patients (30.1%) were smokers and 14 (19.2%) were ex-smokers. Only 25 (34.2%) patients were regularly followed by a doctor. Only 12.3% received inhaled steroids. Thirty-five patients (47.9%) had moderate-to-severe asthma. Fifty-five (75.3%) deaths took place outside a hospital, We conclude that this population shares characteristics of severe or poorly controlled asthma, low educational and socioeconomic levels, and lack of medical care and of inhaled steroid use.

Assault-related admissions to hospital in Central Australia

Objective: To determine the number of assault-related admissions to hospital in the Central Australia region of the Northern Territory over a six-year period. Design and setting: Retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to Alice Springs Hospital (ASH) and Tennant Creek Hospital (TCH) from July 1995 to June 2001, where the primary cause of injury was assault. Main outcome measures: Frequency of assault-related admission to hospital; demographic characteristics of the victims. Results: in the six years, there were 2449 assault-related admissions to ASH and 545 to TCH. Adults aged 25-34 years were most frequently hospitalised for assault, in a proportion greater than their proportion in the NT population, Females represented 59.7% of people admitted to ASH and 54.7% to TCH, greater than their proportion in the NT population. Aboriginals comprised 95.2% of ASH and 89.0% of TCH admissions, and were admitted in a significantly greater proportion than their proportion in the NT population (P < 0.001). The age-adjusted hospital admission rate resulting from assault has increased (P = 0.002) at an average rate of 1.6 (SE, 0.2) per 10 000 people per year. The proportion of assault-related admissions associated with alcohol has also increased significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The frequency of assault-related admissions to hospital, especially among the Aboriginal population, suggests that this major public health issue is escalating.

Perfil, avaliação e metas de produção intelectual dos programas de pós-graduação em Psicologia

Este trabalho apresenta e discute diferentes aspectos da realidade da Pós-Graduação brasileira, relevantes para a discussão de sua produção intelectual. Também são descritas e discutidas as estratégias adotadas para a avaliação dessa produção.