Wais III. Indice de comprensión verbal : Descripción de una muestra para las edades 25-34 años en la ciudad de La Plata, según género

En el marco de la segunda etapa del Proyecto de Investigación para la Construcción de Normas para los subtests que conforman el índice de Comprensión Verbal (ICV) de la Escala de Inteligencia para Adultos de Wechsler-WAIS III, para la ciudad de La Plata, se analizan los resultados observados sobre una muestra probabilística de 381 sujetos, entre 25-34 años, de nivel terciario y universitario, según el género. En el subtest de Información el mejor desempeño se observó en los varones de ambos grupos de edad. En el subtest de Analogías, el mejor desempeño se observó en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, seguido por el de los varones del grupo de edad 30-34 años.Las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años mostraron el mejor desempeño en comprensión verbal. Sólo para este caso; el ICV calculado se ubicó levemente por encima del promedio estandarizado. Las mujeres del grupo de edad 30- 34 años, y los varones, en ambos grupos de edad, mostraron un ICV calculado levemente por debajo del promedio estandarizado. Las diferencias entre el puntaje promedio obtenido en cada uno de los subtests para ambos géneros en los dos grupos de edad, y el promedio esperado, no son estadísticamente significativos (p es menor que 0,05). La misma interpretación corresponde realizar para el ICV. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, las ubica en el percentil 53 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 53de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados que dependen de los conocimientos adquiridos en la escuela y a través de la experiencia cultural, son de levemente superiores al promedio. Su capacidad para hacer uso del cuerpo de conocimiento general acumulado, para emitir juicios y resolver problemas tales como tareas de abstracción de las relaciones entre dos elementos distintos, o la de formar conceptos, son normales y alcanzan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 30-34 años, y en los varones de ambos grupos, ubica a los sujetos en el percentil 45 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 45de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados son normales aunque no llegan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El promedio de puntajes en cada uno de tres subtest que integran el ICV, así como el promedio en el ICV para ambos géneros, ubica a los sujetos dentro promedio esperado, según su grupos de edad (Paidós, 2002). Siguiendo los criterios establecidos en el Manual de la Prueba para la interpretación de las diferencias encontradas entre los puntajes e índices observados sobre una muestra de mujeres y varones instruidos, y los estandarizados, este Equipo considera que debería analizarse una muestra más amplia para determinar si dicha diferencia es inusual o resulta común en la población en general (Wechsler, 2002)

Wais III. Indice de comprensión verbal : Descripción de una muestra para las edades 25-34 años en la ciudad de La Plata, según género

En el marco de la segunda etapa del Proyecto de Investigación para la Construcción de Normas para los subtests que conforman el índice de Comprensión Verbal (ICV) de la Escala de Inteligencia para Adultos de Wechsler-WAIS III, para la ciudad de La Plata, se analizan los resultados observados sobre una muestra probabilística de 381 sujetos, entre 25-34 años, de nivel terciario y universitario, según el género. En el subtest de Información el mejor desempeño se observó en los varones de ambos grupos de edad. En el subtest de Analogías, el mejor desempeño se observó en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, seguido por el de los varones del grupo de edad 30-34 años.Las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años mostraron el mejor desempeño en comprensión verbal. Sólo para este caso; el ICV calculado se ubicó levemente por encima del promedio estandarizado. Las mujeres del grupo de edad 30- 34 años, y los varones, en ambos grupos de edad, mostraron un ICV calculado levemente por debajo del promedio estandarizado. Las diferencias entre el puntaje promedio obtenido en cada uno de los subtests para ambos géneros en los dos grupos de edad, y el promedio esperado, no son estadísticamente significativos (p es menor que 0,05). La misma interpretación corresponde realizar para el ICV. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, las ubica en el percentil 53 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 53de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados que dependen de los conocimientos adquiridos en la escuela y a través de la experiencia cultural, son de levemente superiores al promedio. Su capacidad para hacer uso del cuerpo de conocimiento general acumulado, para emitir juicios y resolver problemas tales como tareas de abstracción de las relaciones entre dos elementos distintos, o la de formar conceptos, son normales y alcanzan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 30-34 años, y en los varones de ambos grupos, ubica a los sujetos en el percentil 45 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 45de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados son normales aunque no llegan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El promedio de puntajes en cada uno de tres subtest que integran el ICV, así como el promedio en el ICV para ambos géneros, ubica a los sujetos dentro promedio esperado, según su grupos de edad (Paidós, 2002). Siguiendo los criterios establecidos en el Manual de la Prueba para la interpretación de las diferencias encontradas entre los puntajes e índices observados sobre una muestra de mujeres y varones instruidos, y los estandarizados, este Equipo considera que debería analizarse una muestra más amplia para determinar si dicha diferencia es inusual o resulta común en la población en general (Wechsler, 2002)

Wais III. Indice de comprensión verbal : Descripción de una muestra para las edades 25-34 años en la ciudad de La Plata, según género

En el marco de la segunda etapa del Proyecto de Investigación para la Construcción de Normas para los subtests que conforman el índice de Comprensión Verbal (ICV) de la Escala de Inteligencia para Adultos de Wechsler-WAIS III, para la ciudad de La Plata, se analizan los resultados observados sobre una muestra probabilística de 381 sujetos, entre 25-34 años, de nivel terciario y universitario, según el género. En el subtest de Información el mejor desempeño se observó en los varones de ambos grupos de edad. En el subtest de Analogías, el mejor desempeño se observó en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, seguido por el de los varones del grupo de edad 30-34 años.Las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años mostraron el mejor desempeño en comprensión verbal. Sólo para este caso; el ICV calculado se ubicó levemente por encima del promedio estandarizado. Las mujeres del grupo de edad 30- 34 años, y los varones, en ambos grupos de edad, mostraron un ICV calculado levemente por debajo del promedio estandarizado. Las diferencias entre el puntaje promedio obtenido en cada uno de los subtests para ambos géneros en los dos grupos de edad, y el promedio esperado, no son estadísticamente significativos (p es menor que 0,05). La misma interpretación corresponde realizar para el ICV. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 25-29 años, las ubica en el percentil 53 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 53de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados que dependen de los conocimientos adquiridos en la escuela y a través de la experiencia cultural, son de levemente superiores al promedio. Su capacidad para hacer uso del cuerpo de conocimiento general acumulado, para emitir juicios y resolver problemas tales como tareas de abstracción de las relaciones entre dos elementos distintos, o la de formar conceptos, son normales y alcanzan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El ICV calculado en las mujeres del grupo de edad 30-34 años, y en los varones de ambos grupos, ubica a los sujetos en el percentil 45 indicando que su desempeño específico observado en comprensión verbal, deja por debajo al 45de los sujetos de su grupo de referencia. Los rendimientos observados son normales aunque no llegan a superar el promedio del rendimiento de los sujetos tipificados para los mismos rangos de edad. El promedio de puntajes en cada uno de tres subtest que integran el ICV, así como el promedio en el ICV para ambos géneros, ubica a los sujetos dentro promedio esperado, según su grupos de edad (Paidós, 2002). Siguiendo los criterios establecidos en el Manual de la Prueba para la interpretación de las diferencias encontradas entre los puntajes e índices observados sobre una muestra de mujeres y varones instruidos, y los estandarizados, este Equipo considera que debería analizarse una muestra más amplia para determinar si dicha diferencia es inusual o resulta común en la población en general (Wechsler, 2002)

Sculptures from "Academy architecture," 1904-1908. A collection of all the sculptures published in vols. 25-34 of "Academy Architecture."

Mode of access: Internet.

A generative nervous system for the planet

Generative systems are now being proposed for addressing major ecological problems. The Complex Urban Systems Project (CUSP) founded in 2008 at the Queensland University of Technology, emphasises the ecological significance of the generative global networking of urban environments. It argues that the natural planetary systems for balancing global ecology are no longer able to respond sufficiently rapidly to the ecological damage caused by humankind and by dense urban conurbations in particular as evidenced by impacts such as climate change. The proposal of this research project is to provide a high speed generative nervous system for the planet by connecting major cities globally to interact directly with natural ecosystems to engender rapid ecological response. This would be achieved by active interactions of the global urban network with the natural ecosystem in the ecological principle of entropy. The key goal is to achieve ecologically positive cities by activating self-organising cities capable of full integration into natural eco-systems and to netowork the cities globally to provide the planet with a nervous system.

A snapshot of radiation therapy techniques and technology in Queensland : an aid to mapping undergraduate curriculum

Introduction: Undergraduate students studying the Bachelor of Radiation Therapy at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) attend clinical placements in a number of department sites across Queensland. To ensure that the curriculum prepares students for the most common treatments and current techniques in use in these departments, a curriculum matching exercise was performed. Methods: A cross-sectional census was performed on a pre-determined “Snapshot” date in 2012. This was undertaken by the clinical education staff in each department who used a standardized proforma to count the number of patients as well as prescription, equipment, and technique data for a list of tumour site categories. This information was combined into aggregate anonymized data. Results: All 12 Queensland radiation therapy clinical sites participated in the Snapshot data collection exercise to produce a comprehensive overview of clinical practice on the chosen day. A total of 59 different tumour sites were treated on the chosen day and as expected the most common treatment sites were prostate and breast, comprising 46% of patients treated. Data analysis also indicated that intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) use is relatively high with 19.6% of patients receiving IMRT treatment on the chosen day. Both IMRT and image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) indications matched recommendations from the evidence. Conclusion: The Snapshot method proved to be a feasible and efficient method of gathering useful

Error and uncertainty of adult age estimation of the pubic symphysis in an Australian sub-population using computed tomography

After attending this presentation, attendees will gain awareness of: (1) the error and uncertainty associated with the application of the Suchey-Brooks (S-B) method of age estimation of the pubic symphysis to a contemporary Australian population; (2) the implications of sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry of the pubic symphysis through preliminary geometric morphometric assessment; and (3) the value of three-dimensional (3D) autopsy data acquisition for creating forensic anthropological standards. This presentation will impact the forensic science community by demonstrating that, in the absence of demographically sound skeletal collections, post-mortem autopsy data provides an exciting platform for the construction of large contemporary ‘virtual osteological libraries’ for which forensic anthropological research can be conducted on Australian individuals. More specifically, this study assesses the applicability and accuracy of the S-B method to a contemporary adult population in Queensland, Australia, and using a geometric morphometric approach, provides an insight to the age-related degeneration of the pubic symphysis. Despite the prominent use of the Suchey-Brooks (1990) method of age estimation in forensic anthropological practice, it is subject to intrinsic limitations, with reports of differential inter-population error rates between geographical locations1-4. Australian forensic anthropology is constrained by a paucity of population specific standards due to a lack of repositories of documented skeletons. Consequently, in Australian casework proceedings, standards constructed from predominately American reference samples are applied to establish a biological profile. In the global era of terrorism and natural disasters, more specific population standards are required to improve the efficiency of medico-legal death investigation in Queensland. The sample comprises multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scans of the pubic symphysis (slice thickness: 0.5mm, overlap: 0.1mm) on 195 individuals of caucasian ethnicity aged 15-70 years. Volume rendering reconstruction of the symphyseal surface was conducted in Amira® (v.4.1) and quantitative analyses in Rapidform® XOS. The sample was divided into ten-year age sub-sets (eg. 15-24) with a final sub-set of 65-70 years. Error with respect to the method’s assigned means were analysed on the basis of bias (directionality of error), inaccuracy (magnitude of error) and percentage correct classification of left and right symphyseal surfaces. Morphometric variables including surface area, circumference, maximum height and width of the symphyseal surface and micro-architectural assessment of cortical and trabecular bone composition were quantified using novel automated engineering software capabilities. The results of this study demonstrated correct age classification utilizing the mean and standard deviations of each phase of the S-B method of 80.02% and 86.18% in Australian males and females, respectively. Application of the S-B method resulted in positive biases and mean inaccuracies of 7.24 (±6.56) years for individuals less than 55 years of age, compared to negative biases and mean inaccuracies of 5.89 (±3.90) years for individuals greater than 55 years of age. Statistically significant differences between chronological and S-B mean age were demonstrated in 83.33% and 50% of the six age subsets in males and females, respectively. Asymmetry of the pubic symphysis was a frequent phenomenon with 53.33% of the Queensland population exhibiting statistically significant (χ2 - p<0.01) differential phase classification of left and right surfaces of the same individual. Directionality was found in bilateral asymmetry, with the right symphyseal faces being slightly older on average and providing more accurate estimates using the S-B method5. Morphometric analysis verified these findings, with the left surface exhibiting significantly greater circumference and surface area than the right (p<0.05). Morphometric analysis demonstrated an increase in maximum height and width of the surface with age, with most significant changes (p<0.05) occurring between the 25-34 and 55-64 year age subsets. These differences may be attributed to hormonal components linked to menopause in females and a reduction in testosterone in males. Micro-architectural analysis demonstrated degradation of cortical composition with age, with differential bone resorption between the medial, ventral and dorsal surfaces of the pubic symphysis. This study recommends that the S-B method be applied with caution in medico-legal death investigations of unknown skeletal remains in Queensland. Age estimation will always be accompanied by error; therefore this study demonstrates the potential for quantitative morphometric modelling of age related changes of the pubic symphysis as a tool for methodological refinement, providing a rigor and robust assessment to remove the subjectivity associated with current pelvic aging methods.

Reduced biceps femoris myoelectrical activity influences eccentric knee flexor weakness after repeat sprint running

The aim of this study was to determine whether declines in knee flexor strength following overground repeat sprints were related to changes in hamstrings myoelectrical activity. Seventeen recreationally active males completed maximal isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee flexor strength assessments at 1800.s-1 before and after repeat sprint running. Myoelectrical activity of the biceps femoris (BF) and medial hamstrings (MH) was measured during all isokinetic contractions. Repeated measures mixed model (Fixed factors = time [pre- and post- repeat sprint] and leg [dominant and non-dominant], random factor = participants) design was fitted with the restricted maximal likelihood method. Repeat sprint running resulted in significant declines in eccentric, and concentric, knee flexor strength (eccentric = 25 ± 34 Nm, 15% p<0.001; concentric 11 Nm± 22 Nm, 10% p = 0.001). Eccentric BF myoelectrical activity was significantly reduced (10%; p= 0.033). Concentric BF and all MH myoelectrical activity were not altered. The declines in maximal eccentric torque were associated with the change in eccentric biceps femoris myoelectrical activity (p = 0.013). Following repeat sprint running there were preferential declines in the myoelectrical activity of the BF, which explained declines in eccentric knee flexor strength.

Molecular and epidemiological aspects of Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Finland: Severe infections and bacterial, non-necrotizing cellulitis

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) is an important human pathogen, causing a wide array of infections ranging in severity. The majority of S. pyogenes infections are mild upper respiratory tract or skin infections. Severe, invasive infections, such as bacteraemia, are relatively rare, but constitute a major global burden with a high mortality. Certain streptococcal types are associated with a more severe disease and higher mortality. Bacterial, non-necrotizing cellulitis and erysipelas are localised infections of the skin, and although they are usually not life-threatening, they have a tendency to recur and therefore cause substantial morbidity. Despite several efforts aimed at developing an effective and safe vaccine against S. pyogenes infections, no vaccine is yet available. In this study, the epidemiology of invasive S. pyogenes infections in Finland was described over a decade of national, population-based surveillance. Recent trends in incidence, outcome and bacterial types were investigated. The beta-haemolytic streptococci causing cellulitis and erysipelas infections in Finland were studied in a case-control study. Bacterial isolates were characterised using both conventional and molecular typing methods, such as the emm typing, which is the most widely used typing method for beta-haemolytic streptococci. The incidence of invasive S. pyogenes disease has had an increasing trend during the past ten years in Finland, especially from 2006 onwards. Age- and sex-specific differences in the incidence rate were identified, with men having a higher incidence than women, especially among persons aged 45-64 years. In contrast, more infections occurred in women aged 25-34 years than men. Seasonal patterns with occasional peaks during the midsummer and midwinter were observed. Differences in the predisposing factors and underlying conditions of patients may contribute to these distinctions. Case fatality associated with invasive S. pyogenes infections peaked in 2005 (12%) but remained at a reasonably low level (8% overall during 2004-2007) compared to that of other developed countries (mostly exceeding 10%). Changes in the prevalent emm types were associated with the observed increases in incidence and case fatality. In the case-control study, acute bacterial non-necrotizing cellulitis was caused predominantly by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, instead of S. pyogenes. The recurrent nature of cellulitis became evident. This study adds to our understanding of S. pyogenes infections in Finland and provides a basis for comparison to other countries and future trends. emm type surveillance and outcome analyses remain important for detecting such changes in type distribution that might lead to increases in incidence and case fatality. Bacterial characterisation serves as a basis for disease pathogenesis studies and vaccine development.

Creating employability skills in SMEs: Modification through interaction

This paper is concerned with the degree to which the graduate skills required by industry are developed in Australian universities. Despite acknowledgement of the need to increase the graduate skills of students, it would seem that the stated intentions of Australian universities in this respect do not yet meet the expectations of industry. The development of an enterprise program at the University of Tasmania provides by way of example, support that the development of industry-desired skills is possible alongside the desirable knowledge outcomes of a university. It is argued that lecturers and students must give and accept more responsibility for learning to enable the development of desirable graduate skills.

Decomposition analysis to examine Australia’s 2030 GHGs emissions target: How hard will it be to achieve?

The Australian government has recently pledged a reduction in GHGs emissions of 26–28% below the 2005 level by 2030. How big is the challenge for the country to achieve this target in terms of its present emissions profile, recent historical trends, and the contributions to those trends from key proximate factors contributing to emissions? In this paper, we attempt a quantitative judgement of the challenge by using decomposition analysis. Based on the analysis it appears the announced target will be quite challenging to achieve if the average annual mitigating effects from economic restructuring, energy efficiency improvements and movement towards less emissions-intensive energy sources in evidence over 2002–2013 continued through to 2030; however, if the contribution from these mitigating sources in evidence over 2006–2013 can be sustained, achievement of the target will be much less challenging. The challenge for government then will be to provide a policy framework to ensure the more pronounced beneficial impacts of the mitigating factors evidenced during 2006–2013 can be maintained over the years to 2030.

On Application Of The Method Of Kinetic Invariants To The Description Of Dissolution Accompanied By A Chemical Reaction

The dissolution, accompanied by chemical reaction, of monodisperse solid particles has been analysed. The resulting model, which accounts for the variation of mass transfer coefficient with the size of the dissolving particles, yields an approximate analytical form of a kinetic function. Rigorous numerical and approximate analytical solutions have been obtained for the governing system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The transient nature of the dissolution process as well as the accuracy of the analytical solution is brought out by the rigorous numerical solution. The analytical solution is fairly accurate for the major part of the range of operational times encountered in practice.