Estudio histológico, inmunohistológico y microbiológico de un rebaño con antecedentes de pleuroneumonía caprina

Premio Extraordinario, Área de Ciencias de la Salud

Efecto combinado de la alimentación con la calidad e intensidad de la luz sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema visual de las larvas de dorada (Sparus aurata) en condiciones de cultivo intensivo

Máster Universitario International en Acuicultura. Trabajo presentado como requisito parcial para la obtención del Título de Máster Universitario Internacional en Acuicultura, otorgado por la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), el Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas (ICCM), y el Centro Internacional de Altos Estudios Agronómicos Mediterráneos de Zaragoza (CIHEAM)

Importance of dietary n-3 hufa for eye development and cone formation along gilthead seabream sparus aurata larval development.

[EN] Being fish larvae visual feeders, vision plays an important role in larval orientation at first feeding (Blaxter, 1986). Larval trophic behaviour is closely related with the development of the visual capacity, which directly depends on retina organogenesis. In sparids, such as Pagrus major (Kawamura, 1984) and Pagrus auratus (Pankhurst, 1996), the most important changes in the eye structure occur along the lecitotrophic stage as a preparation for prey capture. Neuringer et al.,(1988) has established a critical role for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in neural and retinal tissue functions in mammals. Similarly, in larval fish there is a high demand of DHA to form nervous membranes. Bell and Dick (1993) found photoreceptors in the eye, rods and cones accumulate and selectively retain DHA in external segments.Bell et al. (1995) found that feeding juvenile herring a DHA poor Artemia diet during the period of rod development resulted in impaired vision at low light intensities, when rod vision is essential.

Effect of different live prey, Grapsus grapsus Linnaeus 1758 and Plagusia depressa Fabricius, 1775 zoeas,over histology and biochemical composition of common octopus, octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 paralarvae

[EN] Since paralarval rearing is still the main bottleneck for the development of octopus culture, the aim of the present study was to obtain some information on the feeding strategy and nutritional requirements during paralarval stage. For that purpose just hatched out octopus paralarvae were fed with live preys in three different combinations, trying to match their natural food: Enriched Artemia metanauplii, Grapsus grapsus zoeas supplemented with enriched Artemia, and Plagusia depressa zoeas supplemented with enriched Artemia. Paralarval treatments were carried out during 28 days in triplicates; fibre glass 120 l tanks in flow through system were used. Growth, in terms of dry body weight, mantle length and width, was determined each seven days. A histological study of the paralarval development was carried out. Biochemical composition of preys and paralarvae were determined. Growth was significantly better in paralarvae fed with zoeas and Artemia than in those fed only with Artemia, from day 8 after hatching. Besides a clear effect on the digestive gland histology morphology was observed.

The effects of supplementation of decapod zoea to Artemia basal diet on the digestive gland histology and the fatty acid composition in common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) paralarvae.

[EN]The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of different crab zoeas to enriched Artemia basal diet for O. vulgaris paralarvae during the first month of life. Paralarvae were fed using: enriched Artemia nauplii alone and Artemia co-fed with either first zoea stages of Grapsus adscensionis or Plagusia depressa. The experiment was carried out over a period of 28 days, in 0.12 m3 tanks with a flow-through rearing system. Growth in dry weightas well as mantle length and width were assessed weekly. Additionally, prey and paralarvae fatty acid composition and digestive gland (DG) histology were evaluated.

Guía de las actividades de los contenidos del segundo cuatrimestre de la asignatura de Citología e Histología Vegetal y Animal

En este trabajo recogemos las principales pautas y metodología seguida para la elaboración de la Guía de Estudio de parte de los contenidos del segundo cuatrimestre de la asignatura de Citología e Histología Animal y Vegetal de los estudios de Biología. En dicha guía se recoge el desarrollo de las actividades docentes que han sido llevadas a cabo utilizando la plataforma informática Campos Virtual de la Universidad de Alicante. Se trata del ensayo de una nueva manera de abordar el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje de nuestros alumnos, tendente a la adaptación de los contenidos de Histología al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). El método empleado ha sido introducir a nuestros alumnos a ser los artífices de su propia formación, mediante la realización tanto de tareas de autoaprendizaje como la exposición de sus resultados al resto de sus compañeros en una serie de seminarios. La metodología empleada se expone en cada uno de los apartados de esta guía.

Ciencias Naturales : tercero BUP.

En este libro se desarrolla de modo elemental el temario de la asignatura de Ciencias Naturales, a excepción de la parte correspondiente a la Biología Vegetal. Los temas que se tratan son: La Ciencia de la Geología, La Estructura de la Corteza Terrestre, Deriva Continental y Tectónica de Placas, Tectónica, Geomorfología, Ciclo Geológico, La Materia Viva, Histología Animal, Anatomía y Fisiología del Aparato Digestivo, Respiratorio, Circulatorio, Excretor y Reproductor Humano, El Sistema Oseo, Muscular y Nervioso. La obra pretende facilitar el trabajo de los alumnos haciendo innecesaria la toma de apuntes, para así dedicar el tiempo de clase a actividades didácticamente más provechosas. Aunque el texto requiere explicaciones y aporte gráfico complementario por parte del profesor.

Programación de las ciencias naturales de 3õ de bachillerato : una experiencia realizada por el seminario del I.N.B. 'Calderón de la Barca' de Madrid.

La asignatura de Ciencias Naturales de 3õ BUP optativa con cuatro horas lectivas sigue un programa que consideramos, en cierto modo, incoherente para el nivel de los alumnos. Se mezclan en el tres tipos de materias dispares: Anatomía, Fisiología Humana, Anatomía y Fisiología de las plantas y algunos temas incoherentes de Geología. Este programa es un ejemplo que plantea la necesidad de una reordenación de los programas de esta materia. En conjunto uniformes, con una separación de las distintas materias de esta asignatura en los distintos cursos. Sería útil mantener la asignatura en los tres cursos con tres horas semanales; Un primer curso de zoología y botánica y microbiología descriptiva; un segundo, de geología básica, ecología y evolución paleontológica; un tercero, de biología general y anatomía y fisiología humanas. El temario oficial lo dividimos en cinco partes para coincidir con las evaluaciones. 1. Química e Histología animal. 2. Funciones de nutrición. 3. Funciones de relación y reproducción. 4. Geología. 5. Botánica.

Introducción a la Histología General Animal: concepto de tejido

Tutorial sobre el concepto de tejido.

Biological performance of a polycaprolactone-based scaffold used as fusion cage device in a large animal model of spinal reconstructive surgery

A bioactive and bioresorbable scaffold fabricated from medical grade poly (epsilon-caprolactone) and incorporating 20% beta-tricalcium phosphate (mPCL–TCP) was recently developed for bone regeneration at load bearing sites. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate bone ingrowth into mPCL–TCP in a large animal model of lumbar interbody fusion. Six pigs underwent a 2-level (L3/4; L5/6) anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) implanted with mPCL–TCP þ 0.6 mg rhBMP-2 as treatment group while four other pigs implanted with autogenous bone graft served as control. Computed tomographic scanning and histology revealed complete defect bridging in all (100%) specimen from the treatment group as early as 3 months. Histological evidence of continuing bone remodeling and maturation was observed at 6 months. In the control group, only partial bridging was observed at 3 months and only 50% of segments in this group showed complete defect bridging at 6 months. Furthermore, 25% of segments in the control group showed evidence of graft fracture, resorption and pseudoarthrosis. In contrast, no evidence of graft fractures, pseudoarthrosis or foreign body reaction was observed in the treatment group. These results reveal that mPCL–TCP scaffolds could act as bone graft substitutes by providing a suitable environment for bone regeneration in a dynamic load bearing setting such as in a porcine model of interbody spine fusion.

The evaluation of a biphasic osteochondral implant coupled with an electrospun membrane in a large animal model

Conventional clinical therapies are unable to resolve osteochondral defects adequately, hence tissue engineering solutions are sought to address the challenge. A biphasic implant which was seeded with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) and coupled with an electrospun membrane was evaluated as an alternative. This dual phase construct comprised of a Polycaprolactone (PCL) cartilage scaffold and a Polycaprolactone - Tri Calcium Phosphate (PCL - TCP) osseous matrix. Autologous MSC was seeded into the entire implant via fibrin and the construct was inserted into critically sized osteochondral defects located at the medial condyle and patellar groove of pigs. The defect was resurfaced with a PCL - collagen electrospun mesh that served as a substitute for periosteal flap in preventing cell leakage. Controls either without implanted MSC or resurfacing membrane were included. After 6 months, cartilaginous repair was observed with a low occurrence of fibrocartilage at the medial condyle. Osteochondral repair was promoted and host cartilage degeneration was arrested as shown by the superior Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) maintenance. This positive morphological outcome was supported by a higher relative Young's modulus which indicated functional cartilage restoration. Bone in growth and remodeling occurred in all groups with a higher degree of mineralization in the experimental group. Tissue repair was compromised in the absence of the implanted cells or the resurfacing membrane. Moreover healing was inferior at the patellar groove as compared to the medial condyle and this was attributed to the native biomechanical features.

Monitoring animal behaviour and environmental interactions : GPS collars and satellite remote sensing within a satellite remote sensing context

Remote monitoring of animal behaviour in the environment can assist in managing both the animal and its environmental impact. GPS collars which record animal locations with high temporal frequency allow researchers to monitor both animal behaviour and interactions with the environment. These ground-based sensors can be combined with remotely-sensed satellite images to understand animal-landscape interactions. The key to combining these technologies is communication methods such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We explore this concept using a case-study from an extensive cattle enterprise in northern Australia and demonstrate the potential for combining GPS collars and satellite images in a WSN to monitor behavioural preferences and social behaviour of cattle.

Monitoring animal behaviour and environmental interactions using wireless sensor networks, GPS collars and satellite remote sensing

Remote monitoring of animal behaviour in the environment can assist in managing both the animal and its environmental impact. GPS collars which record animal locations with high temporal frequency allow researchers to monitor both animal behaviour and interactions with the environment. These ground-based sensors can be combined with remotely-sensed satellite images to understand animal-landscape interactions. The key to combining these technologies is communication methods such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We explore this concept using a case-study from an extensive cattle enterprise in northern Australia and demonstrate the potential for combining GPS collars and satellite images in a WSN to monitor behavioural preferences and social behaviour of cattle.

The design and evaluation of a mobile sensor/actuator network for autonomous animal control

This paper investigates a mobile, wireless sensor/actuator network application for use in the cattle breeding industry. Our goal is to prevent fighting between bulls in on-farm breeding paddocks by autonomously applying appropriate stimuli when one bull approaches another bull. This is an important application because fighting between high-value animals such as bulls during breeding seasons causes significant financial loss to producers. Furthermore, there are significant challenges in this type of application because it requires dynamic animal state estimation, real-time actuation and efficient mobile wireless transmissions. We designed and implemented an animal state estimation algorithm based on a state-machine mechanism for each animal. Autonomous actuation is performed based on the estimated states of an animal relative to other animals. A simple, yet effective, wireless communication model has been proposed and implemented to achieve high delivery rates in mobile environments. We evaluated the performance of our design by both simulations and field experiments, which demonstrated the effectiveness of our autonomous animal control system.