Structural studies of analgesics and their interactions .10. A hydrated 1-1 complex between niflumic acid and ethanolamine, c13h8f3n2o-2.c2h8no+.h2o.

Mr= 361.3, triclinic, P1, a = 6-239 (2), b=11.280(2), c=12-451(2)A, a=101.2 (1), B= 92.3 (1), 7=99.9(1)°, V=844.123 A3, Z=2, Dx= 1.42, D m = 1.42 (1) Mg m -3, n(Cu Ka) = 1.5418 ,A., g = 1-102 mm -1, F(000) = 376, T= 293 K. Final R = 0.064 for 2150 observed reflections. The niflumic acid anions consist essentially of three planar groupings, namely, two six-membered rings and a carboxylate group attached to one of them. The invariant common structural features observed in the crystal structures of fenamates, namely, the coplanarity of the carboxyl group and the six-membered ring bearing it, and the internal hydrogen bond between the carboxyl group and the imino N atom that bridges the two sixmembered rings, are retained in the complex. The amino N atom is gauche with respect to the terminal hydroxyl group in the ethanolamine cation. The complexation between the two molecules is achieved through ionic and hydrogen-bonded interactions involving the carboxylate group in niflumic acid.

Mechanochemical treatment of kaolinite

Kaolinite surfaces were modified by mechanochemical treatment for periods of time up to 10 h. X-ray diffraction shows a steady decrease in intensity of the d(001) spacing with mechanochemical treatment, resulting in the delamination of the kaolinite and a subsequent decrease in crystallite size with grinding time. Thermogravimetric analyses show the dehydroxylation patterns of kaolinite are significantly modified. Changes in the molecular structure of the kaolinite surface hydroxyls were followed by infrared spectroscopy. Hydroxyls were lost after 10 h of grinding as evidenced by a decrease in intensity of the OH stretching vibrations at 3695 and 3619 cm−1 and the deformation modes at 937 and 915 cm−1. Concomitantly an increase in the hydroxyl stretching vibrations of water is found. The water-bending mode was observed at 1650 cm−1, indicating that water is coordinating to the modified kaolinite surface. Changes in the surface structure of the OSiO units were reflected in the SiO stretching and OSiO bending vibrations. The decrease in intensity of the 1056 and 1034 cm−1 bands attributed to kaolinite SiO stretching vibrations were concomitantly matched by the increase in intensity of additional bands at 1113 and 520 cm−1 ascribed to the new mechanically synthesized kaolinite surface. Mechanochemical treatment of the kaolinite results in a new surface structure.

Microstructure and laser-induced damage threshold of ZrO2 coatings dependence on annealing temperature

ZrO2 coatings were deposited on different substrates of Yb:YAG and fused silica by electron beam evaporation. After annealed for 12 h at 673 and 1073 K, respectively, weak absorption of coatings was measured by surface thermal lensing (STL) technique, and then laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) was determined also. The crystalline phase of ZrO2 coatings and the size of the crystal grain were investigated by X-ray diffraction. It was found that microstructure of ZrO2 coatings was dependent on both annealing temperature and substrate structure, and coatings containing monoclinic phases had higher damage threshold than others. Due to the strong absorption of Yb:YAG, damage threshold of coatings on Yb:YAG was much less than that on fused silica. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Laser conditioning of ZrO2 : Y2O3/SiO2 mirror coatings prepared by E-beam evaporation

Laser conditioning effects of the dielectric mirror coatings with different designs were investigated. Simple quarter-wave ZrO2:Y2O3/SiO2 mirrors and half-wave SiO2 over-coated ZrO2:Y2O3/SiO2 mirror coatings were fabricated by E-beam evaporation (EBE). The absorbance of the samples before and after laser conditioning was measured by surface thermal lensing (STL) technology and the defects density was detected under Nomarski microscope. The enhancement of the laser damage resistance was found after laser conditioning. The dependence of the laser conditioning on the coating design was also observed and the over-coated sample obtained greatest enhancement, whereas the absorbance of the samples did not change obviously. During the sub-threshold fluence raster scanning, the minor damage about defects size was found and the assumption of pre-damage mechanism, based on the functional damage concept, was put forward. The improvement of the laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) was attributed to the benign damage of the defects and the dependence on the coating design owed to the damage growth behavior of different coating designs. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

SK1-like functors for division algebras

We investigate the group valued functor G(D) = D*/F*D' where D is a division algebra with center F and D' the commutator subgroup of D*. We show that G has the most important functorial properties of the reduced Whitehead group SK1. We then establish a fundamental connection between this group, its residue version, and relative value group when D is a Henselian division algebra. The structure of G(D) turns out to carry significant information about the arithmetic of D. Along these lines, we employ G(D) to compute the group SK1(D). As an application, we obtain theorems of reduced K-theory which require heavy machinery, as simple examples of our method.

La educación a distancia en tiempos de cambios : nuevas generaciones, viejos conflictos.

Antología de textos sobre el papel que juegan las nuevas tecnologías en los desarrollos metodológicos de la educación a distancia. Primero se analizan las características constitutivas y metodológicas de las universidades de educación a distancia, se aporta una valoración de las mismas y pautas para una mejora futura. Se critica la concepción tradicional justificándose la necesidad de desarrollar prácticas educativas de la enseñanza abierta y a distancia en consonancia con las nuevas tecnologías. En segundo lugar se abordan los medios y materiales didácticos empleados en esta modalidad educativa. Se describen las condiciones y requisitos que han de considerarse en la utilización de los medios audivisuales y las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, no sólo como soportes sino también como vehículos de comunicación. Se revisan las interrelaciones de la educación a distancia y las nuevas tecnologías con factores de carácter social, económico, político, cultural y educativo y los problemas teórico-prácticos del desarrollo institucional de la educación a distancia. Desde un punto de vista conceptual, metodológico e institucional se consideran los aspectos de la pertinencia de la oferta de formación, la renovación de la metodología docente, las características de las culturas profesionales y las articulaciones de las labores de la docencia e investigación.

Helminth fauna of bovines from the Central-Western region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

A prevalência e a intensidade de parasitismo por diferentes espécies de helmintos foram estudadas em bovinos da microrregião de Formiga, região Centro-oeste de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, foram necropsiados 76 bovinos naturalmente infectados, machos e fêmeas, SRD (sem raça definida) e de oito a 12 meses de idade. Os resultados necroscópicos revelaram a presença de nove gêneros e 16 espécies de helmintos, com a seguinte prevalência e média de intensidade de infecção: Haemonchus placei (100,0%; 3895,5); Haemonchus similis (29,0%; 159,6); Cooperia punctata (100,0%; 5595,0); Cooperia spatulata (32,9%; 137,8); Cooperia pectinata (34,2%; 1010,5); Trichostrongylus axei (69,7%; 239,2); Trichostrongylus colubriformis (10,5%; 10,8); Trichostrongylus longyspicularis (2,6%; 0,5); Ostertagia ostertagi (2,6%; 3,1); Ostertagia lyrata (2,6%; 1,5); Ostertagia trifurcata (1,3%; 0,3); Oesophagostomum radiatum (94,7%; 470,9); Trichuris discolor (47,4%; 32,5); Strongyloides papillosus (1,3%; 0,1); Capillaria bovis (9,2%; 10) e Bunostomum phlebotomum (2,6%; 0,3). A carga parasitária média foi de 11.558,5 helmintos por animal. Dos 76 bovinos necropsiados, 92,1% estavam infectados por três a sete espécies de helmintos. Apenas 7,9% dos hospedeiros mostravam-se parasitados por oito espécies diferentes de helmintos. Este estudo mostra o primeiro relato das espécies Ostertagia lyrata e Ostertagia trifurcata no Estado de Minas Gerais. É importante ressaltar que, no presente trabalho, por meio da identificação dos helmintos colhidos nas necropsias, foi possível observar que está ocorrendo uma inversão na intensidade parasitária média, com uma diminuição no número de Cooperia e um aumento nos valores de Haemonchus, em comparação com os valores relatados na literatura.

Infection levels of Austrodiplostomum compactum (Digenea, Diplostomidae) metacercariae in Plagioscion squamosissimus (Teleostei, Sciaenidae) from the Nova Avanhandava reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Morphology of the nymphoid replacement reproductives in the neotropical termite Armitermes euamignathus (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)

Numerous nymphoid reproductives were found in three field nests of Armitermes euamignathus collected in Brazil. We report here a morphological description and a biometric study of these individuals. Nymphoid replacements displayed narrow wing buds when compared with those present in nymphs from the three last instars. Thorax morphology of the nymphoids was similar to the penultimate nymphal instar (N4) or to the ultimate nymphal instar (N5), and their origin from these instars of nymphs is discussed. All the nymphoids had eyes, ocelli, and 15 antennal segments. The nymphoid females from nest 1 had different grades of physogastry and royal fat body. The nymphoid females from nests 2 and 3, the nymphoid males from all nests, and the primary king from nests 2 acid 3 had a common fat body, which is similar to that present in alates. The ovaries and the testes of nymphoids were fully mature and the corpora allata larger than those in imagoes. The mandibular glands were also enlarged in nymphoids but the tergal glands were absent. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Mechanical damping of the snoek peak in tantalum - Oxygen system

Interstitial solutes in body-centered cubic metals, such as oxygen in tantalum, produce ideally Snoek effects when they are in solutions enough diluted. However, for higher concentration of these solutes, more complex relaxation process can occur, as interaction between interstitial solutes and dislocations. Anelastic relaxation measurements were carried out in polycrystalline tantalum samples, using torsion pendulum inverted, operating between 300 K and 680 K and oscillation frequencies in the hertz bandwidth, for three different experimental sample conditions: as received sample, annealed and annealed followed by a treatment in an oxygen atmosphere. These measurements have revealed the following behavior: the intensity of the internal friction peak associated to matrix-interstitial interaction Ta-O decreased between the first run and the next runs, and this phenomenon did not occur for the others conditions. The variation of relaxation strength of Ta-O peak, with number of runs is due to a decrease of an amount of oxygen in solid solution, which can be associated with the precipitation of new phases in Ta sample and with the trapping of oxygen atoms by dislocations.

Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Structure and luminescent investigation of the Ln(III)-beta-diketonate complexes containing tertiary amides

The synthesis and photoluminescent properties of Ln(III)-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate and dibenzoylmethanate complexes (Ln = Eu(III) and Gd(III) ions) containing tertiary amides such as dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethylbenzamide (DMB) as neutral ligands are reported. The Ln complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, complexometric titration with EDTA, and infrared spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray structure data of the [Eu(DBM)(3).(DMA)] compound indicates that this complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group PT with the following cell parameters: a = 10.2580(3) angstrom, b = 10.3843(2) angstrom, c= 22.3517(5) angstrom, alpha = 78.906(2)degrees, beta = 78.049(2)degrees, lambda= 63.239(2)degrees, V= 2066.41(9) angstrom(3), and Z = 2. The coordination polyhedron for the Eu(III) complex may be described as an approximate C-2v distorted monocapped trigonal prism. The optical properties of the Eu(III) complexes were studied based on the intensity parameters and luminescence quantum yield (q). The values of the ohm(2) parameter of the Eu-DBM complexes are larger than those for the Eu-TTA complexes, indicating that the Eu(III) ion is in a more polarizable chemical environment in the former case. The geometries of the complexes have been optimized by using the Sparkle Model, and the results have been used to perform theoretical predictions of the ligand-to-metal energy transfer via direct and exchange Coulomb mechanisms. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Incomplete ovariosalpingectomy and subsequent malignant granulosa cell tumor in a female green iguana (Iguana iguana)

Case Description-A 9-year-old spayed female green iguana (Iguana iguana) was evaluated because of a distended coelom and weight loss. History included a single episode of egg binding and subsequent bilateral ovariosalpingectomy.;Clinical Findings-Physical examination revealed a mass within the coelomic cavity. Ultrasonography revealed a large, irregular mass with hypoechoic regions and coelomic effusion. Clinicopathologic derangements included heterophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia, basophilia, hypocholesterolemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypercalcemia. Results of cytologic evaluation of the mass were suggestive of malignant epithelial neoplasia, but neoplastic cells were not found in the effusion. An ovarian tumor was suspected on the basis of clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, and results of cytologic evaluation of the mass.;Treatment and Outcome-Surgical exploration revealed a large left ovary, a normal-appearing contralateral ovary, and a mass in the fat body, all of which were removed and submitted for histologic examination. The histologic diagnosis was granulosa cell tumor with metastasis to the fat body. The patient died 11 months after evaluation, and disseminated granulosa cell tumor was confirmed at necropsy; histologic examination at that time also identified systemic mastocytosis.;Clinical Relevance-Granulosa cell tumors are uncommon in reptiles, and this was the first granulosa cell tumor described antemortem cytologically, histologically, and ultrastructurally in an iguana. Findings in this iguana underscored concerns associated with incomplete oophorectomy of iguanas; cytologic and histopathologic findings were similar to those observed in other domestic animals. Oophorectomy should be considered as an alternative to standard ovariosalpingectomy to avoid potential complications in pet reptiles, and use of microsurgical instruments and vascular clips is advised. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011239:237-242)