Manejo de tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestant (Mont.) de Bary) en el cultivo de papa cv calwhite en época de apante en la zona de Tisey, Esteli. 2007

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue la evaluación de diferentes estrategias de alternancia de fungicidas de contacto con fungicidas sistémicos. Además, se alternó el fungicida biológico Serenade 1.34 SC ( Bacillus subtilis QST 713) con los fungicidas de contacto Mancozeb y Bravonil para determinar el efecto de ésta en el manejo de tizón tardío en época de apante. El trabajo experimental se llevó a cabo en la localidad Tisey (Reserva Natural), del departamento de Estelí en el periodo comprendido entre noviembre del 2006 a febrero del 2007. La variedad de papa evaluada fue CalWhite, la cual es susceptible a tizón tardío. El diseño utilizado fue bloques completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos evaluados en este estudio fueron (Mancozeb+Serenade) - Equation Pro (Bravonil+Serenade) - Ridomil, (Mancozeb+Serenade)- Curzate, (Bravonil+Serenade) - Verita y un testigo absoluto. El manejo agronómico fue el que utiliza el productor. Las variables evaluadas fueron severidad y rendimiento. Con los datos de severidad se calculó el área bajo la curva de progreso de la enfermedad (ABCPE). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre bloques para la variable severidad de tizón tardío, ni en la interacción tratamiento - bloque, pero si se observó diferencias altamente significativas entre tratamientos. La media de severidad en el tratamiento testigo fue más alta en comparación con las medias de los otros cuatro tratamientos, lo cual explica la diferencia entre tratamientos. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las medias de severidad de los tratamientos diferentes del testigo. Cuando se analizó la severidad en los tratamientos de acuerdo a la variable días después de la siembra (dds) se observaron diferencias altamente significativas entre tratamientos, en la variable dds y en la interacción tratamientos*d ds. Se encontraron diferencias altamente significativas entre el testigo y los demás tratamientos y entre días después de la siembra (dds) para los valores de la variable área bajo la curva de progreso de la enfermedad (ABCPE), así como también en la interacción tratamientos*dds. La mezcla del fungicida biológico Serenade 1.34 SC ( Bacillus subtilis QST713) con los fungicidas de contacto Mancozeb y Bravonil al parecer tuvo un efecto sinergístico al inhibir el desarrollo de P. infestans sobre la superficie de las hojas de papa. Los rendimientos fueron bastantes bajos en comparación con otros resultados encontrados en América Latina con la variedad de papa CalWhite. Es posible reducir los porcentajes de severidad de tizón tardío en el cultivo de papa cuando se combinan estrategias de rotación de fungicidas de contacto y sistémicos con la época de siembra.

Cruise Report 70-S-7: Big Game Fisheries Investigations

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Lecture notes pdf

Lecture notes in PDF

Preclinical development of cancer vaccines

Triplex cell vaccine is a cancer immunopreventive cell vaccine that can prevent almost completely mammary tumor onset in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. A future translation of cancer immunoprevention from preclinical to clinical studies should take into account several aspects. The work reported in this thesis deals with the study of three of these aspects: vaccine schedule, activity in a therapeutic set-up and second-generation DNA vaccines. An important element in determining human acceptance and compliance of a treatment protocol is the number of vaccinations. In order to improve the vaccination schedule a minimal protocol was searched, i.e. a schedule consisting of a lower number of administrations than standard protocol but with a similar efficacy. A candidate optimal protocol was identified by the use of an in silico model, SimTriplex simulator. The in vivo test of this schedule in HER-2/neu transgenic mice only partially confirmed in silico predictions. This result shows that in silico models have the potential ability to aid in searching of optimal treatment protocols, provided that they will be further tuned on experimental data. As a further result this preclinical study highlighted that kinetic of antibody response plays a major role in determining cancer prevention, leading to the hypothesis of a threshold that must be reached rapidly and maintained lifetime. Early clinical trials would be performed in a therapeutic, rather than preventive, setting. Thus, the activity of Triplex vaccine was investigated against experimental lung metastases in HER-2/neu transgenic mice in order to evaluate if the immunopreventive Triplex vaccine could be effective also against a pre-existing tumor mass. This preclinical model of aggressive metastatic development showed that the vaccine was an efficient treatment also 4 for the cure of micrometastases. However the immune mechanisms activated against tumor mass were not antibody dependent, i.e. different from those preventing the onset of primary mammary carcinoma. DNA vaccines could be more easily used than cellular ones. A second generation of Triplex vaccine based on DNA plasmids was evaluated in an aggressive preclinical model (BALBp53neu female mice) and compared with the preventive ability of cellular Triplex vaccine. It was observed that Triplex DNA vaccine was as effective as Triplex cell vaccine, exploiting a more restricted immune stimulation.

Chemical and isotopic compositions of rocks and minerals from the Franz Josef Land Archipelago

Rb, Sr, Sm, Nd, U, and Pb contents and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic composition were determined in tholeiite and subalkaline basalts (in both whole-rock samples and individual minerals) from the Franz Josef Land Archipelago. Isotopic data obtained for the Arctic basin are similar to those for islands from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. The assimilation of crustal (sedimentary) rocks by primary depleted material makes isochron determination of basalt age difficult or impossible. The subalkaline basalts (basaltic andesites) were presumably formed by the metasomatic introduction of incompatible elements in tholeiitie basalts and, only partially, through crustal contamination and fractional crystallization.

De actionibus virtutis ex Sanctis Scripturis et patribus : libri duo ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Az egyetemvezetés hazai útvesztői

A felsőoktatási intézmények az emberi történelem nagyon régi szervezetei, amelyek a XVIII. századig viszonylag keveset változtak. Azt követően azonban – különösen a XX. század közepe óta – egyre gyorsuló ütemű átalakulásoknak vagyunk tanúi. Ebben a tanulmányban az egyetemek két tradicionális jellemzőjének, az autonómiának és az egyetemi (akadémiai) kollektív vezetésnek az átalakulását vizsgáljuk. Az elemzés célja, hogy az átalakulások nemzetközi tendenciáit feltárja, s ennek tükrében értékelje a hazai egyetemi intézményirányítás jelenét. A hazai felsőoktatás-politika közelmúltja radikális változásokat hozott a hazai felsőoktatási intézmények autonómiájában és vezetésében, amely változások azonban csak részben illeszkednek a nemzetközi tendenciákhoz.

Editorial: In 2035, will all bacteria be multidrug-resistant? No

The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has reached a threatening level. Extended-spectrum betalactamase- producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE) are now endemic in many hospitals worldwide as well as in the community, while resistance rates continue to rise steadily in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [1]. Even more alarming is the dissemination of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (CPE), causing therapeutic and organizational problems in hospitals facing outbreaks or endemicity. This context could elicit serious concerns for the coming two decades; nevertheless, effective measures exist to stop the amplification of the problem and several axes of prevention remain to be fully exploited, leaving room for realistic hopes, at least for many parts of the world...

The Arabidopsis microtubule-associated protein AtMAP65-1: Molecular analysis of its microtubule bundling activity

The 65-kD microtubule-associated protein (MAP65) family is a family of plant microtubule-bundling proteins. Functional analysis is complicated by the heterogeneity within this family: there are nine MAP65 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtMAP65-1 to AtMAP65-9. To begin the functional dissection of the Arabidopsis MAP65 proteins, we have concentrated on a single isoform, AtMAP65-1, and examined its effect on the dynamics of mammalian microtubules. We show that recombinant AtMAP65-1 does not promote polymerization and does not stabilize microtubules against cold-induced microtubule depolymerization. However, we show that it does induce microtubule bundling in vitro and that this protein forms 25-nm cross-bridges between microtubules. We further demonstrate that the microtubule binding region resides in the C-terminal half of the protein and that Ala409 and Ala420 are essential for the interaction with microtubules. Ala420 is a conserved amino acid in the AtMAP65 family and is mutated to Val in the cytokinesis-defective mutant pleiade-4 of the AtMAP65-3/PLEIADE gene. We show that AtMAP65-1 can form dimers and that a region in the N terminus is responsible for this activity. Neither the microtubule binding region nor the dimerization region alone could induce microtubule bundling, strongly suggesting that dimerization is necessary to produce the microtubule cross-bridges. In vivo, AtMAP65-1 is ubiquitously expressed both during the cell cycle and in all plant organs and tissues with the exception of anthers and petals. Moreover, using an antiserum raised to AtMAP65-1, we show that AtMAP65-1 binds microtubules at specific stages of the cell cycle.

Extravascular modified lipoproteins: a role in the propagation of diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes

Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to determine whether plasma lipoproteins, after leakage into the retina and modification by glycation and oxidation, contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes.

Methods: To simulate permeation of plasma lipoproteins intoretinal tissues, streptozotocin-induced mouse models of diabetes and non-diabetic mice were challenged with intravitreal injection of human ‘highly-oxidised glycated’ low-density lipoprotein (HOG-LDL), native- (N-) LDL, or the vehicle PBS.Retinal histology, electroretinography (ERG) and biochemical markers were assessed over the subsequent 14 days.

Results: Intravitreal administration of N-LDL and PBS had noeffect on retinal structure or function in either diabetic or non-diabetic animals. In non-diabetic mice, HOG-LDL elicited a transient inflammatory response without altering retinal function,but in diabetic mice it caused severe, progressive retinal injury, with abnormal morphology, ERG changes, vascular leakage, vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression, gliosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and propensity to apoptosis.

Conclusions/interpretation: Diabetes confers susceptibility to retinal injury imposed by intravitreal injection of modified LDL. The data add to the existing evidence that extravasated, modified plasma lipoproteins contribute to the propagation of diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal delivery of HOG-LDL simulates a stress known to be present, in addition to hyperglycaemia, in human diabetic retinopathy once blood retinal barriers are compromised.

LQTS-associated mutation A257G in α1-syntrophin interacts with the intragenic variant P74L to modify its biophysical phenotype.

The SNTA1-encoded α1-syntrophin (SNTA1) missense mutation, p.A257G, causes long QT syndrome (LQTS) by pathogenic accentuation of Nav1.5's sodium current (I Na). Subsequently, we found p.A257G in combination with the SNTA1 polymorphism, p.P74L in 4 victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) as well as in 3 adult controls. We hypothesized that p.P74L-SNTA1 could functionally modify the pathogenic phenotype of p.A257G-SNTA1, thus explaining its occurrence in non-LQTS populations. The SNTA1 variants p.P74L, p.A257G, and the combination variant p.P74L/p.A257G were engineered using PCR-based overlap-extension and were co-expressed heterologously with SCN5A in HEK293 cells. I Na was recorded using the whole-cell method. Compared to wild-type (WT), the significant increase in peak I Na and window current found with p.A257G was reversed by the intragenic variant p.P74L (p.P74L/p.A257G). These results report for the first time the intragenic rescue of an LQT-associated SNTA1 mutation when found in combination with the SNTA1 polymorphism p.P74L, suggesting an ever-increasing picture of complexity in terms of genetic risk stratification for arrhythmia.