高超声速钝锥流场红外辐射实验研究

报道了在JF-10氢氧爆轰驱动高焓激波风洞中开展的再入流场红外辐射实验研究，风洞的试验状态为：驻室总压19．6MPa，总焓15．5MJ／kg，自由流速度约5km／s，实验以锑化铟多元红外成像系统为测量手段，以球头钝锥体为试验模型，测量激波层与近尾流中红外辐射功率的横向分布剖面，试验数据呈现明显的规律性，试验结果表明，激波层内壁面附近的红外辐射功率较小，中间有一区域辐射较大且相对均匀，激波层外缘辐射单调减小；尾流中红外辐射功率在轴线附近的核心区最大，随着离轴线距离的增大而单调减小。

lnscripciones romanas de Segovia. I: inscripciones inéditas

[ES] Se dan a conocer en este trabajo catorce nuevas inscripciones romanas de Segovia y su provincia. Nueve de ellas han aparecido en Segovia (ocho funerarias y una votiva), dos en Coca (ambas funerarias), dos en Duratón (no conociéndose su naturaleza por estar bastante fracturadas) y una en Sepúlveda (parece honorífica, a pesar de estar muy fracturada). En lo referente a su contenido hay dos unidades organizativas indígenas, en ambos casos expresadas por medio de genitivos de plural y halladas en la muralla de Segovia ("Cantabr(e)cum" en la inscripción n.º 2 y "Moveq(um)" en la inscripción n.º 4), referencia a un "contub(ernalis)" en la n.º 6 y la posibilidad de la existencia de un "collegium", si completamos como "fratribus" la cuarta línea de la inscripción n.º 14.

Vyndaqel (Tafamidis)

The main objective of this pedagogical case study is to analyse the market entry dynamics of pharmaceutical innovative drugs in Portugal, and the role and impact of the different stakeholders in this process. The case focuses on the market entry of Vyndaqel (Tafamidis) Pfizer’s orphan innovative product to treat TTR-FAP, “paramiloidose”, a highly incapacitating rare disease that has more than 2.000 diagnosed patients in Portugal, one of the highest prevalence worldwide and an incidence of 100 new patients every year. In terms of methodology it were used two main sources of information. Regarding secondary data sources it was made an exhaustive search using the main specialty search engines regarding the Tafamidis case, market access, orphan drugs and market entry context in Portugal and Europe. In terms of primary data it were conducted 7 direct interviews with the main case stakeholders. The pedagogical case study focuses on 5 main questions that provide the base of the discussion for the classes. First it is analysed the rationale behind the introduction of Tafamidis in Portugal, and its relevance for Pfizer, namely due to the previous investment made with the acquisition of FoldRX by $400M, the company that developed the product in the first place. It is also analysed the point of view of the NHS, and the reasoning behind drug reimbursement that considered not only the technical (efficacy and safety) and financial benefits of the drug, but also the social impact, due to the major role played by patient associations’ actions and coverage provided by the media that impacted the reimbursement decision. Finally it is analysed the vertical financing methodology that was selected by the Ministry of Health for drug acquisition by 2 public hospitals, that served as reference centres for the treatment of this disease

Canvis de llengua i discurs a classe de francès llengua estrangera a l'ensenyament primari. ' Cambios de lengua y discurso en clase de francés lengua extranjera en la enseñanza primaria'.

Estudiar los cambios de lengua que se producen entre las diferentes lenguas que están en contacto en toda clase de lengua extrangera y el discurso propio de estas clases, y conocer las interacciones de maestros y alumnos en los 'escenarios' socio-culturales que son las clases.. 8 clases de primaria de 3 escuelas de Barcelona.. En la primera fase contacta con las escuelas y hace las primeras observaciones. En la segunda fase selecciona los casos y realiza las observaciones fijando la atención en los cambios de lengua y todo aquello que tiene relación con ese fenómeno. Hace las transcripciones y el análisis de los datos. Pasa los cuestionarios sobre las actitudes del profesorado e inicia el vaciado. En la tercera fase perfila las hipótesis y el modelo de análisis, pasando a análisis sistemáticos. Paralelamente complementa el estudio con los datos de un tercer caso. Acaba el vaciado y análisis de las encuestas sobre actitudes.. Observación. Video. Transcripción. Encuestas. Cuestionario.. Investigación etnográfica. Análisis cuantitativo. Análisis cualitativo.. Los cambios de lengua se presentan como un recurso económico pero no siempre facilitadores ni sencillos, ni coherentes, ni necesarios. Se puede hacer un uso razonable o llegar a extremos de sobre-uso. El estudio de los cambios de lengua presenta la reflexión sobre unos formatos de clase que, por la forma en que son concebidos, por la no consideración como contenidos del discurso meta, improvisando, generado, precisamente aquel que es el discurso genuino del aula, generan una fuerte necesidad de marcar contrastes..

Infant-mother attachment and the growth of externalizing problems across the primary-school years

Background:  Some contend that attachment insecurity increases risk for the development of externalizing behavior problems in children. Method:  Latent-growth curve analyses were applied to data on 1,364 children from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care to evaluate the association between early attachment and teacher-rated externalizing problems across the primary-school years. Results:  Findings indicate that (a) both avoidant and disorganized attachment predict higher levels of externalizing problems but (b) that effects of disorganized attachment are moderated by family cumulative contextual risk, child gender and child age, with disorganized boys from risky social contexts manifesting increases in behavior problems over time. Conclusions:  These findings highlight the potentially conditional role of early attachment in children’s externalizing behavior problems and the need for further research evaluating causation and mediating mechanisms.

A importância do holding na reorganização afetivo-social de crianças que manifestam tendência anti-social

This study aims to understand as the children who show expressive behaviors of antisocial trends at Núcleo de Ação Social da Praia do Meio in Natal-RN city, linked to Secretaria Municipal do Trabalho e Assistência Social-SEMIT, which experience the relation with the social educator in role of caregiver. This matter was investigated within an interpretation and approach qualitative view of the social phenomena, using the Thematic Analysis technique of drawings and stories which express the relation with the caregiver gotten in sessions of playful interactions between child and researcher in order to understand the child experiences with the social educator. The used theoretical referential is by D. W. Winnicott who associates the social trend to a failure of environment in child holding. The subjects expressed the need of a firm and protective environment and they look for this in NASPM educators. Moreover, they show as solitude and vulnerability take part their lives due to the lack of emotional holding on family that favors the involvement with violent groups. But, it is worth pointing out that the children value the Nucleus environment when has offered them a safe holding which can be positive the established linking with it. Such conclusion points out to the possibility, recognized theoretically, that exists from these children to resume the way of healthy development

First middle-atmospheric zonal wind profile measurements with a new ground-based microwave Doppler-spectro-radiometer

We report on the wind radiometer WIRA, a new ground-based microwave Doppler-spectro-radiometer specifically designed for the measurement of middle-atmospheric horizontal wind by observing ozone emission spectra at 142.17504 GHz. Currently, wind speeds in five levels between 30 and 79 km can be retrieved which makes WIRA the first instrument able to continuously measure horizontal wind in this altitude range. For an integration time of one day the measurement error on each level lies at around 25 m s−1. With a planned upgrade this value is expected to be reduced by a factor of 2 in the near future. On the altitude levels where our measurement can be compared to wind data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) very good agreement in the long-term statistics as well as in short time structures with a duration of a few days has been found. WIRA uses a passive double sideband heterodyne receiver together with a digital Fourier transform spectrometer for the data acquisition. A big advantage of the radiometric approach is that such instruments can also operate under adverse weather conditions and thus provide a continuous time series for the given location. The optics enables the instrument to scan a wide range of azimuth angles including the directions east, west, north, and south for zonal and meridional wind measurements. The design of the radiometer is fairly compact and its calibration does not rely on liquid nitrogen which makes it transportable and suitable for campaign use. WIRA is conceived in a way that it can be operated remotely and does hardly require any maintenance. In the present paper, a description of the instrument is given, and the techniques used for the wind retrieval based on the determination of the Doppler shift of the measured atmospheric ozone emission spectra are outlined. Their reliability was tested using Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, a time series of 11 months of zonal wind measurements over Bern (46°57′ N, 7°26′ E) is presented and compared to ECMWF wind data.