On the Uncoded BER Performance Bound of the IEEE 802.16d Channel

In this letter, the performance bound of the IEEE 802.16d channel is examined analytically in order to gain an insight into its theoretical potential. Different design strategies, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE), time-domain decision feedback equalization (DFE), and sphere decoder (SD) techniques are discussed and compared to the theoretical bound.

Specific language impairment in pre-adolescence, adolescence, and adulthood with special emphasis on health-related quality of life

This clinical study focused on effects of childhood specific language impairment (SLI) on daily functioning in late life. SLI is a neurobiological disorder with genetic predisposition and manifests as poor language production or comprehension or both in a child with age-level non-verbal intelligence and no other known cause for deficient language development. The prevalence rate of around 7% puts it among the most prevalent developmental disorders in childhood. Negative long-term effects, such as problems in learning and behavior, are frequent. In follow-up studies the focus has seldom been on self-perception of daily functioning and participation, which are considered important in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). To investigate the self-perceived aspects of everyday functioning in individuals with childhood receptive SLI compared with age- and gender-matched control populations, the 15D, 16D, and 17D health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires were applied. These generic questionnaires include 15, 16, and 17 dimensions, respectively, and give both a single index score and a profile with values on each dimension. Information on different life domains (rehabilitation, education, employment etc.) from each age-group was collected with separate questionnaires. The study groups comprised adults, adolescents (12-16 years), and pre-adolescents (8-11 years) who had received a diagnosis of receptive SLI and had been examined, usually before school age, at the Department of Phoniatrics of Helsinki University Central Hospital, where children with language deficits caused by various etiologies are examined and treated by a multidisciplinary team. The adult respondents included 33 subjects with a mean age of 34 years. Measured with 15D, the subjects perceived their HRQoL to be nearly as good as that of their controls, but on the dimensions of speech, usual activities, mental functioning, and distress they were significantly worse off. They significantly more often lived with their parents (19%) or were pensioned (26%) than the adult Finnish population on average. Adults with self-perceived problems in finding words and in remembering instructions, manifestations of persistent language impairment, showed inferior every day functioning to the rest of the study group. Of the adolescents and pre-adolescents, 48 and 51, respectively, responded. The majority in both groups had received special education or extra educational support at school. They all had attended speech therapy at some point; at the time of the study only one adolescent, but every third pre-adolescent still received speech therapy. The 16D score of the adolescent or the 17D score of the pre-adolescents did not differ from that of their controls. The 16D profiles differed on some dimensions; subjects were significantly worse off on the dimension of mental functioning, but better off on the dimension of vitality than controls. Of the 17D dimensions, the study group was significantly worse off on speech, whereas the control group reported significantly more problems in sleeping. Of the childhood performance measures investigated, low verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), which is often considered to reflect receptive language impairment, was in adults subjects significantly associated with some of the self-perceived problems, such as problems in usual activities and mental functioning. The 15D, 16D, and 17D questionnaires served well in measuring self-perceived HRQoL. Such standardized measures with population values are especially important in confirming with the ICF guidelines. In the future these questionnaires could perhaps be used on a more individual level in follow-up of children in clinics, and even in special schools and classes, to detect those children at greatest risk of negative long-term effects and perhaps diminished well-being regarding daily functioning and participation.

Efficient and Fair Scheduling of Uplink and Downlink in IEEE 802.16 OFDMA Networks

We develop new scheduling algorithms for the IEEE 802.16d OFDMA/TDD based broadband wireless access system, in which radio resources of both time and frequency slots are dynamically shared by all users. Our objective is to provide a fair and efficient allocation to all the users to satisfy their quality of service.

The study of maturational progress in the whitespotted rabbitfish (Siganus sutor) under different photoperiod and light intensity conditions

The rule of light on the timing of maturation and spawning in tropical and subtropical regions is not clear well, because the reproductive cycle in these systems is lunar synchronized. In this study, thus, the effects of different light regimes were investigated on maturational progress of whitespotted rabbitfish, Siganus sutor, the commercial species in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. During prespawning season, 50 adult fish were randomly divided into ten 300-l tanks (n=5). The fish in control tank received indoor light condition and the fish in each other tanks were exposed to nine different combinations of photoperiod (8L: 16D, 12L: 12D, 16L: 8D) and light intensity (1000, 2000, 3000 lux). After 60 days, GSI and HSI values, serum levels of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), 17-α hydroxyprogestrone (OHP), calcium (Ca2+) and gonad histology were evaluated for females and males. In females the GSI mean values of exposed fish increased in comparison with control except for fish were kept under 8L, 2000 lux (tank 8). These differences were significant only for fishes in tank 7 (8L, 3000 lux). In the cases of HSI, the results were converse, so that, the most of thanks showed significant decreasing than fishes reared under indoor condition. Morphology and histology study of Ovaries showed three developmental phases including 3, 4 and chiefly 5 that were parallel with GSI values. Fortheremore the serum levels of E2 was recorded between 0.54-15.8 ng/ml in different fish and their mean values were lower than control in all treatmants (P> 0.05). In males, the similar results were obtained. The GSI and HSI mean values in experimental regimes compared with control were upper and lower, respectively, except for fishes were reared in tank 1 (16L, 3000 lux). Testes histology of fishes were reared under different regimes showed signs of stage 5, since no blood vessels observed and thick milt exuded on slight pressure. The mean values of testosterone consentration in fishes were kept in tanks 1 and 6 (12L, 1000 lux) were higher and in other ones were lower than control group. It is also noted that the OHP and Ca2+ had diverse results including increasing and decreasing mean values than control. So, these factors contrary to E2 and T were not suitable to evaluation of maturity in both sexes. On the basis of ovarian structure in stage 5, oocyte development pattern in this species was group synchronous. So, increased mean of GSI versus decreased values of HSI, E2 and perhaps Ca2+ were the signs of improved maturation. But in males, reduced levels of T and similarity of testes morphology in all samples caused that GSI mean value was the only indicator for differentiating among treatments. These findings suggest that alternations were used in light regimes have been the reason of improved maturity in all treatments except fishes reared in tank 8. The ١٠٧ rule of light intensity on induction of maturity was cleared by comparision between fishes in tanks 4, 5, 6 and control group. Because day length was the same whereas fishes in tanks 4, 5 and 6 were exposed to increased light intensity compared with control. This fact verified by results was obtained from fishes in tanks 9 and especially 7, since photoperiod in this group was lower than control. So, higher intensity was considered as the reason of alternations. Contrasting with indoor condition, Induced maturity was also cleared for fishes were kept in tanks 1, 2 and 3, where both of light duration and intensity were increased. But, the rule of photoperiod was individually demonstrated when obtained results were compared with similar light intensities in other treatments. In conclusion, with comparison among different light regimes it is declared that siganids were kept under light condition of tank 2 including 16h light duration combined with 2000 lux intensity showed the best signs of sexual maturation in both sexes. On the basis of this study, setting up the spring light condition during prespawning season induces maturation in withspotted rabbitfish. This improvement not only by influence of photoperiod or light intensity, separately, but obtained through interaction between them. Thus, determination of threshold and resistance to light be recommended before exposure, although using proper regime during suitable time are necessary to achieve purposes considerably.

池塘养殖环境下滇池金线鲃仔稚鱼的食性转化与生长

下载PDF阅读器2008年3月-2009年3月,把35 000尾滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)仔稚鱼分别饲养于3个池塘进行对比饲养研究.密度分别是:P1为208尾/m3;P2为167尾/m3;P3为41尾/m3.饲养期间采用相同的管理措施.每天数据收集采用:在仔鱼孵化后的5～16d的每天8:00和18:00从每个育苗池中捞取5～8尾仔鱼进行测量分析.仔鱼开口30d后,每月从培育池各捞取15尾,测量全长和体重.研究发现,滇池金线鲃仔鱼的开口时间为孵化后的5 d,混合营养期3～5d,这与初孵的演池金线鲃仔鱼的全长和卵黄囊较大有关.在容易造成仔鱼大量死亡的混合营养期,通过采用浆状物-轮虫-人工混合饲料的方式,大幅度提高了滇池金线鲃仔稚鱼的存活率,孵化一年后的滇池会线鲃稚鱼存活率可达82.7%.经过一周年的饲养,滇池金线鲃稚鱼的体重由(0.027±0.01)g(0.003～1.22)增长到(8.83±0.54)g (3.7～16.7),月均增重为0.73 g;全长由(15.8±0.30)mm (11.5～20.0)增长到(91.6±1.67)mm (75.0～16.0),全长月均增长6.32 mm.滇池金线鲃稚鱼全年全长的增长呈线性相关,y=9.82+7.05month(R2=0.9891);全年体重的增长呈指数关系,y=0.0158month2.54(R2=0.9939).

微囊藻毒素在沉水植物苦草中的积累

研究了微囊藻毒素RR在大型沉水植物苦草根、叶组织中的积累作用 ,通过ELISA方法检测发现 ,苦草可以吸收MC RR ,其吸收具有时间和剂量效应 ,根的吸收作用强于叶。第 7d叶对MC RR的吸收已经达到平衡 ,而根对MC RR的吸收在处理第 16d时还在上升。苦草根和叶对MC RR的最大吸收量分别可达到 14 83± 0 12 μg/g FW和0 32± 0 0 2 6 μg/g FW。在 0 0 0 0 1mg/L的低浓度下 ,苦草根和叶对MC RR的吸收量分别为 0 5 9± 0 0 83pg/g

铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼的毒性

本文用流水和换水式试验,在水硬度为115mg/L(以CaCO_3计)条件下研究了铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼生长和存活的影响。试验从刚孵出的幼鱼开始,流水式试验持续30d,换水式试验历时16d。结果表明,在流水条件下铜对泥鳅幼鱼存活有明显影响的可观察效应浓度最低是41.2μg/L,而无可观察效应浓度则为25.2μg/L。根据对现存量的影响,用换水式试验测得铜的最低可观察效应浓度为38μg/L,无可观察效应浓度是19μg/L。

城镇污水诱发青蛙蝌蚪红细胞微核及其在环境监测中的应用

本文利用青蛙(Rana nigromaculata Hallowell)蝌蚪红细胞微核试验,作为检测城镇污水诱变活性的一种新的监测技术。在16d生活污水处理的实验中,青蛙蝌蚪红细胞微核细胞率2d后就呈现统计上的显著增加,并随处理时间的延长而增高,第12d达到最大值。在不同浓度混合污水处理实验中,蝌蚪红细胞微核细胞率呈现明显的剂量依赖性增加。上述实验证明城镇生活污水和混合污水都具有较强的诱变活性。作者从遗传毒理学的角度评价了湖北黄州综合生物塘系统对污水诱变活性的净化效能。城镇混合污水经综合生物塘各级塘处理,

1,2,4-三氯苯胁迫对大豆下胚轴膜脂过氧化的影响

以盆栽法研究了不同浓度1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)胁迫对大豆下胚轴膜脂过氧化作用的影响。结果表明,100—300μg·g-1TCB胁迫初期(1—3d)促使萌发大豆下胚轴内过氧化氢(H2O2)的积累显著增加,同时伴随质膜电解质渗漏率和组织自动氧化速率升高,显示发生膜脂质过氧化作用。TCB胁迫1—6d使活性氧清除酶功能紊乱,其中过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性开始上升后转为下降。推测大豆下胚轴受TCB胁迫伤害过程中,活性氧代谢失衡造成的膜脂质过氧化起着重要作用。

红树莓干酒酿造菌种筛选及工艺优化

以红树莓全汁为原料,利用低温发酵技术从8株酿酒酵母中筛选出优良菌株Y164(S.cerevisiae Hansenvar ellipsoideus),同时研究了红树莓干酒的发酵工艺并对影响红树莓干酒品质的关键性工艺参数进行了优化。按照0.05%的比例向压榨后的果汁中添加果胶酶,并保温45℃作用2h后,采用正交试验法优化发酵条件,结果显示:初始糖度为20%,主发酵温度为18℃,添加亚硫酸的浓度为0.11g/L,酒醪液含酸量为7.0g/L,前期发酵时间7～12d,后发酵需12～16d。澄清处理采用明胶-丹宁复合澄清剂,最后得到具有红树莓独特风味和典型宝石红色、果香浓郁、口味纯正、澄清透明的优质红树莓干酒。

稀土-铁石榴石的共价极化行为对光谱和穆斯堡尔谱的影响

利用平均能带模型研究了稀土 铁石榴石晶体化学键的性质 ,结果表明 ,这些晶体虽然包含的稀土离子不同 ,但计算得到的化学键参数值几乎相同。在每个化合物当中 ,金属离子与氧配体之间共价性随着Ln3+ (2 4c)、Fe3+ (16a)、Fc3+ (16d)的次序而增大。利用由共价性和极化率定义的化学环境因子h计算YIG中Fe3+ 的拉卡参数与实验值一致。建立了穆斯堡尔同质异能位移与h值的线性关系 ,讨论了居里温度与h值的相关性。

肉食性鱼类补偿生长特性的研究

本文主要以花鲈[Lateolabrax．japonicus (C．& V．)]和褐牙鲆[Paralichthys olivaceus(T. & S.)]作为海洋肉食性鱼类的代表种类，根据鱼类生态生理学理论，通过设定不同饥饿时问下因子水平，研究两种鱼类摄食率、排粪率、转化效率和SGR等生态生理效率的状态变化。其目的在于研究高营养级鱼类在海洋生态系统中的下行控制作用(Top-down Effect)，以及肉食性鱼类的生态对策与鱼类资源补充机制的相互关系，为深入解析鱼类资源生产力及其持续利用海洋生物资源，提供科学依据。其主要研究结果概述如下：1．花鲈： 饥饿0(对照组)、4、8、12、16d后恢复投喂，过量投喂淡水桡足类，温度为19.5±2.0℃，初始体重为0.61-0.93g，平均体重为0．79g实验周期为28d。1.1饥饿时间对花鲈的体重损失率产生显著影响，受过饥饿的个体的湿重失率 (LR_W)与饥饿时间(t)的关系为：LR_W=2.2164t-3.6634(r~2=0.9767，p16d饥饿的实验组SGR与对照组没有显著差异；经受过饥饿的个体的摄食率高于对照组；各组饵料转化率的差异与特定生长率相类似; 饥饿16d的个体的排粪率高于其它各组；1.3在整个实验周期28d内，饥饿16d的个体的SGR显著低于其它各组，饥饿4、8和12d的个体均呈现部分补偿生长，饥饿16d的个体不能补偿生长；同期饥饿4、8和16d的个体的摄食率显著低于对照组；饥饿16d的个体的转化率显著低于其它各组；饥饿16d的个体的排粪率显著高于其它各组；1.4平均体重为0.76g的花鲈，饥饿至不可恢复点(PNR)的时间略小于16d。2．褐牙鲆： 饥饿O(对照组)、3、5、8、10、13、15、18d后恢复投喂，过量投喂人工颗粒饵料，温度为22±2.0 ℃，初始体重为1.48-4.16g，平均体重为：2.59g，实验周期为36d。2.1褐牙鲆的体重损失率与饥饿天数成正比，经受过饥饿的个体的湿重损失率(LR_W)与饥饿时间(t)的关系为：LR_w=4.70571n(t)+3.5921，r~2=0.9810)(t<36d); 2.1在饥饿结束后的18d中，饥饿18d的个体的SGR显著低于其它各组，饥饿3-15d的实验组的SGR大于对照组，但差异不显著；各组的摄食率差异显著，经受过饥饿的个体的摄食率高于对照组，经受长期饥饿的个体的摄食率显著升高；各组饵料转化率差异不显著，经受过饥饿的各组转化率均低于对照组；经受长时问饥饿(>13d)的个体的排粪率显著大于其它各组，其它各组间排粪率差异不显著；2.2在整个实验周期36d内，对照组与经受3—8d饥饿的实验组的SGR显著大于经受饥饿时间大于lOd的实验组，饥饿3-8d的完全补偿生长，饥饿10-15d 的个体发生部分补偿生长，饥饿18d的个体不能补偿生长；经受饥饿个体的摄食率低于对照组；除了饥饿18d的个体的饵料转化率显著小于对照组外，其它各组的转化率没有显著差异；经受长时间饥饿(>13d)的个体的排粪率显著大于其它各组，其它各组问没有显著的差异。2．3平均体重为2．59g的褐牙鲆，饥饿至不可恢复点(PNR)的时间大于18d。3．花鲈和褐牙鲆在经受饥饿后的体重损失率与饥饿的时间正相关。在实验期间，花鲈体重损失率与饥饿时间成一次线性关系，褐牙鲆体重损失率与饥饿时间成对数函数关系。在饥饿后均会发生补偿生长。3.1比较研究结果，表明在适当时间饥饿后的个体均会发生补偿生长，其超生长速度与饥饿时间密切相关。花鲈在饥饿至不可恢复点的临界状态时发生最强烈的超生长现象，而褐牙鲆则是在饥饿3—5d后恢复投喂时可以观测到最高速度的超生长。3.2经受适当时间饥饿后的个体在短期内，其摄食率大于对照组的摄食强度。曾经饥饿的时间越长，花鲈在饥饿结束后的摄食率越高，褐牙鲆在饥饿结束后的高摄食率持续的时间越长。3.3经受适当时间饥饿后的个体，在短期内的转化率均会大于对照组的转化 效率，且随饥饿时间而加强；高转化效率持续的时间与饥饿时间无关。褐牙鲆的高转化率持续的时间很短，且很快下降至低于对照组的水平，其下降程度与饥饿时问成正相关，经受过度饥饿的花鲈和褐牙鲆转化率显著低于对照组。3．4花鲈的补偿生长是饵料转化率提高的结果；而褐牙鲆的补偿生长的原因则因其经受的饥饿程度而异。从饥饿后恢复投喂较短的时间周期(4d和6d)看，花鲈和褐牙鲆的补偿生长是转化率和摄食率共同提高的结果；但从饥饿后恢复投喂较长的时问周期(12d和1 8d)看，经受短期(4-8d)饥饿的花鲈的补偿生长是转化率显著提高的结果，而经受长期(12d)饥饿的花鲈的补偿生长是转化率显著提高的结果，褐牙鲆则是摄食率显著提高的结果。3．5从整个实验周期来看，对花鲈的饥饿降低了其生长速度和饵料转化率，但对褐牙鲆的短期饥饿(<8d)不会降低其生长速度，也不会影响一定时间(3-13d)饥饿的个体的饵料转化率。

Photoperiodic regulation in energy intake, thermogenesis and body mass in root voles (Microtus oeconomus)

The present study was designed to examine whether photoperiod alone was effective to induce seasonal regulations in physiology in root voles (Microtus oeconomus) from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau noted for its extreme cold environment. Root voles were randomly assigned into either long photoperiod (LD; 16L: 8D) or short photoperiod (SD; 8L: 16D) for 4 weeks at constant temperature (20 degrees C). At the end of acclimation, SD voles showed lower body mass and body fat coupled with higher energy intake than LD voles. SD greatly enhanced thermogenic capacities in root voles, as indicated by elevated basal metabolic rate (BMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), mitochondrial protein content and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) content in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Although no variations in serum leptin levels were found between SD and LD voles, serum leptin levels were positively correlated with body mass and body fat mass, and negatively correlated with energy intake and UCP1 content in BAT, respectively. To summarize, SD alone is effective in inducing higher thermogenic capacities and energy intake coupled with lower body mass and body fat mass in root voles. Leptin is potentially involved in the photoperiod induced body mass regulation and thermogenesis in root voles. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bi-Dimensional Characterization of a Wimax Radio Channel at 3.5GHz

This paper presents the characterization of an indoor Wimax radio channel using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) [1] method complemented with the Convolutional Perfect Matched Layer (CPML) technique [2]. An indoor 2D scenario is simulated in the 3.5GHz band (IEEE 802.16d-2004 and IEEE 802.16e-2005 [3]). In this study, we used two complementary techniques in both analysis, technique A and B for fading based on delay spread and technique C and D for fading based on Doppler spread. Both techniques converge to the same result. Simulated results define the channel as flat, slow and without inter-symbolic interference (ISI), making the application of the spatial diversity the most appropriate scheme.