Frammenti del sè: un caso clinico

Ad oggi, a fronte di un crescente interesse sociale, giuridico, medico e psicologico alle varie forme di abuso sessuale subite da minori e agli esiti a breve, medio e lungo termine che tali eventi possono esercitare sul benessere bio-psico-sociale dei sopravvissuti (Gulotta & Cutica, 2009), sembra, comunque, manifestarsi una insufficiente attenzione al tema del maltrattamento fisico (Di Blasio, 2000). Nel nostro contesto culturale gli episodi di aggressività fisica sono ancora facilmente rubricati nella categoria delle prassi genitoriali lecite, con un’implicita sottovalutazione dei rischi per la salute del bambino. Con questo non vogliamo sottendere che ogni singolo episodio di aggressività diretta del caregiver possa inserirsi tout court nella categoria dei maltrattamenti fisici; allo stesso tempo, riteniamo però necessario che, a livello sociale e sanitario, si presti attenzione ai possibili rischi per la salute della persona in caso di maltrattamenti fisici reiterati.

Cas pràctic 3. Psicologia Evolutiva de 3 a 6 anys

a) Detectar aspectes o variables personals i contextuals que afecten el desenvolupament integral del xiquet/a. b) Conèixer l’impacte que determinades situacions personals o ambientals produeixen en els diferents àmbits del desenvolupament. c) Analitzar les relacions que hi ha entre els diferents agents i com afecten el desenvolupament del xiquet/a. d) Debatre propostes i actuacions per a minimitzar o potenciar l’impacte de determinats agents en el desenvolupament del xiquet/a.

Pràctica 3. Psicologia Evolutiva per a tots. Creació d’un blog

L’alumne universitari d’avui té adquirides competències tecnològiques que suposen un domini de les tecnologia de la informació i la comunicació (TIC) molt avançat i un ús de les xarxes socials molt continuat. Això suposa que aquests alumnes aprenen bona part dels continguts de les assignatures no solament a través de l’ús de manuals de text recomanats pel docent, sinó que molts conceptes són adquirits i treballats a partir de la recerca, l’anàlisi i la reflexió de documents que es troben en Internet. Per tant, tenint en compte aquests aspectes, aprofitarem aquesta competència per a afavorir l’aprenentatge i la motivació dels alumnes per l’assignatura mitjançant la creació d’un blog específic de l’assignatura.

L'aggressività nelle prime relazioni sentimentali

Un fenomeno poco indagato in Italia, ma che ha catturato l’attenzione e anche la preoccupazione delle ricerche in diverse parti del mondo, sono i comportamenti aggressivi che possono avvenire nelle prime relazioni sentimentali, tra adolescenti. La ricerca si è concentrata principalmente sulla violenza nelle coppie adulte, sulla violenza domestica, trascurando quelle condotte aggressive che avvengono nelle prime relazioni intime, in quanto ritenute poco stabili e fugaci. Diverse ricerche dimostrano che non è così e che anzi, spesso gli adolescenti “investono” molto in queste prime esperienze. Tra i principali motivi che spingono gli studiosi ad indagare questo fenomeno, vi è la considerazione della gravità delle stime di prevalenza, le conseguenze per il benessere psico-fisico, ed il valore predittivo che tali comportamenti potrebbero assumere rispetto al fenomeno della violenza nelle coppie adulte.

A unique isolate of beak and feather disease virus isolated from budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in South Africa

Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), the causative agent of psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) infects psittaciformes worldwide. We provide an annotated sequence record of three full-length unique genomes of BFDV isolates from budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) from a breeding farm in South Africa. The isolates share >99% nucleotide sequence identity with each other and ~96% nucleotide sequence identity to two recent isolates (Melopsittacus undulatus) from Thailand but only between 91. 6 and 86. 6% identity with all other full-length BFDV sequences. Maximum-likelihood analysis and recombination analysis suggest that the South African budgerigar BFDV isolates are unique to budgerigars, are non-recombinant in origin, and represent a new genotype of BFDV. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Predicting people’s intention to donate their body to medical science and research

Predictors of people’s intention to register with a body bequest program for donating their deceased body to medical science and research were examined using standard theory of planned behavior (TPB) predictors (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) and adding moral norm, altruism, and knowledge. Australian students (N = 221) at a university with a recently established body bequest program completed measures of the TPB’s underlying beliefs (behavioral, normative, and control beliefs) and standard and extended TPB predictors, with a sub-sample reporting their registration-related behavior 2 months later. The standard TPB accounted for 43.6%, and the extended predictors an additional 15.1% of variance in intention. The significant predictors were attitude, subjective norm, and moral norm, partially supporting an extended TPB in understanding people’s body donation intentions. Further, important underlying beliefs can inform strategies to target prospective donors.

An N-ethyl-n-nitrosourea induced corticotropin-releasing hormone promoter mutation provides a mouse model for endogenous glucocorticoid excess

Cushing's syndrome, which is characterized by excessive circulating glucocorticoid concentrations, maybe due to ACTH-dependent or -independent causes that include anterior pituitary and adrenal cortical tumors, respectively. ACTH secretion is stimulated by CRH, and we report a mouse model for Cushing's syndrome due to an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) induced Crh mutation at -120 bp of the promoter region, which significantly increased luciferase reporter activity and was thus a gain-of-function mutation. Crh -120/+ mice, when compared with wild-type littermates, had obesity, muscle wasting, thin skin, hair loss, and elevated plasma and urinary concentrations of corticosterone. In addition, Crh-120/+ mice had hyperglycemia, hyperfructosaminemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperleptinemia but normal adiponectin. Crh -120/+ mice also had low bone mineral density, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and decreased concentrations of plasma PTH and osteocalcin. Bone histomorphometry revealed Crh-120/+ mice to have significant reductions in mineralizing surface area, mineral apposition, bone formation rates, osteoblast number, and the percentage of corticoendosteal bone covered by osteoblasts, which was accompanied by an increase in adipocytes in the bone marrow. Thus, a mouse model for Cushing's syndrome has been established, and this will help in further elucidating the pathophysiological effects of glucocorticoid excess and in evaluating treatments for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis.

Increased attractiveness of honeybee hive product volatiles to adult small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, resulting from small hive beetle larval infestation

The small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is a recent but significant pest of honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) hives in various regions throughout the world, including Eastern Australia. The larval stage of this beetle damages hives when they feed on brood, pollen, and honeycomb, leaving behind fermented wastes. In cases of extreme damage, hives collapse and are turned to an odorous mass of larvae in fermenting hive products. The yeast Kodamaea ohmeri (Etchells & Bell) Yamada et al. (Ascomycota) has been consistently isolated from the fermenting material as well as each life stage of this beetle. Various studies have noted that the small hive beetle is attracted to volatiles from hive products and those of the yeast K. ohmeri, although earlier studies have not used naturally occurring hive products as their source of fermentation. This study investigated changes through time in the attractiveness of natural honeybee hive products to the small hive beetle as the hive products were altered by the action of beetle larvae and fermentation by K. ohmeri. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and choice-test behavioural assays to investigate these changes using products sampled from three apiaries. Attractiveness of the fermenting hive products (‘slime’) increased as fermentation progressed, and volatile profiles became more complex. Fermenting hive products remained extremely attractive for more than 30 days, significantly longer than previous reports. These results have strong implications for the development of an external attractant trap to assist in the management of this invasive pest.

Anomalous behaviour in the composition dependence of the photoacoustic properties of Si---As---Te glasses

The optical bandgap and thermal diffusivity of Si10AsxTe90−x (10 ≤ x ≤ 50) and Si15AsxTe85−x (5 ≤ x ≤ 40) glasses have been measured using the photoacoustic technique. The anomalous behaviour observed in these properties at the mean coordination number left angle bracketrright-pointing angle bracket = 2.60 is interpreted by reference to the formation and development of a layered structure in these glasses.

Age, size, and sexual maturity of channeled whelk (Busycotypus canaliculatus) in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts

With the southern New England lobster fishery in distress, lobster fishermen have focused more effort toward harvesting channeled whelk (Busycotypus canaliculatus). However, minimal research has been conducted on the life history and growth rates of channeled whelk. Melongenid whelks generally grow slowly and mature late in life, a characteristic that can make them vulnerable to overfishing as fishing pressure increases. We sampled channeled whelk from Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, in August 2010 and in July 2011, studied their gonad development by histology, and aged them by examining opercula. Males had a slower growth rate and a lower maximum size than females. Male whelk reached 50% maturity (SM50) at 115.5 mm shell length (SL) and at the age of 6.9 years. Female whelk reached SM50 at 155.3 mm SL and at the age of 8.6 years. With a minimum size limit of 69.9 mm (2.75 in) in shell width, males entered the fishery at 7.5 years, a few months after SM50, but females entered the fishery at 6.3 years, approximately 2 years before SM50. Increased fishing pressure combined with slow growth rates and the inability to reproduce before being harvested can easily constrain the long-term viability of the channeled whelk fishery in Massachusetts.

Synthesis and luminescent properties of Lu3Ga5O12 : RE3+ (RE = Eu, Tb, and Pr) nanocrystalline phosphors via sol-gel process

Lu3Ga5O12:Eu3+, Lu3Ga5O12:Tb3+, and Lu3Ga5O12:Pr3+ phosphors were prepared through a Pechini-type sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence, and cathodoluminescence spectra were utilized to characterize the synthesized phosphors. The XRD results reveal that the sample begins to crystallize at 800 degrees C and fully crystallined pure Lu3Ga5O12 phase can be obtained at 1000 degrees C. The FESEM image indicates that the phosphor sample is composed of aggregated rice grainlike particles with sizes around 80-120 nm.