Estrategias discursivas y proverbios en la poesía del Marqués de Santillana recopilada en el Cancionero General de 1511

Integran este número de la revista ponencias presentadas en Studia Hispanica Medievalia VIII : Actas de las X Jornadas Internacionales de Literatura Española Medieval, 2011, y de Homenaje al Quinto Centenario del Cancionero General de Hernando del Castillo.

Gusanos emponçoñados o lo escatológico caballeresco en el Palmerín de Olivia [1511]

El aparente infantilismo del universo pseudoanimal medieval abreva de las historias naturales y los bestiarios, los cuales conformarán la idea de lo monstruoso en los libros de caballerías. El Palmerín de Olivia (1511) no escapa de esta teratología, pero añade la presencia de lo escatológico caballeresco -en un sentido más amplio del término- cuando los gusanos se transforman, tan pequeños como son, en el enemigo a derrotar para salvar la vida de la Infanta Zerfira.

Gusanos emponçoñados o lo escatológico caballeresco en el Palmerín de Olivia [1511]

El aparente infantilismo del universo pseudoanimal medieval abreva de las historias naturales y los bestiarios, los cuales conformarán la idea de lo monstruoso en los libros de caballerías. El Palmerín de Olivia (1511) no escapa de esta teratología, pero añade la presencia de lo escatológico caballeresco -en un sentido más amplio del término- cuando los gusanos se transforman, tan pequeños como son, en el enemigo a derrotar para salvar la vida de la Infanta Zerfira.

Gusanos emponçoñados o lo escatológico caballeresco en el Palmerín de Olivia [1511]

El aparente infantilismo del universo pseudoanimal medieval abreva de las historias naturales y los bestiarios, los cuales conformarán la idea de lo monstruoso en los libros de caballerías. El Palmerín de Olivia (1511) no escapa de esta teratología, pero añade la presencia de lo escatológico caballeresco -en un sentido más amplio del término- cuando los gusanos se transforman, tan pequeños como son, en el enemigo a derrotar para salvar la vida de la Infanta Zerfira.

Das deutsch-ordenshaus St. Kunigunde bei Halle A.D.S. : von seiner Entstehung bis zu seiner Aufhebung (1200-1511) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner rechtlichen und wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse.

"Diese Arbeit erscheint auch als Heft VIII der 'Forschungen zur thüringisch-sächsichen Geschichte.'"

Justifications in young children’s language in an early childhood classroom

This paper examines the interactional phenomenon of justification as it is produced in young children’s language. A justification provides a reason for one’s position and can be produced in children’s language at an early age. There are various pragmatic reasons for justifications. For example, justifications may be drawn upon by members to compensate for the disruption of the existing social order or to explain something that is possibly questionable. Justifications are also drawn upon to extend or close disputes. This study uses the analytical techniques of conversation analysis and membership categorisation to analyse video-recorded and transcribed interactions of young children (aged 4-6 years) in a preparatory classroom in a primary school in Australia. The focus is an episode that occurred within the block play area of the classroom that involved a dispute of ownership relating to a small, wooden plank. In analysing this dispute, justifications were frequent occurrences and the young participants drew upon justificatory devices in their everyday arguments. As the turns surrounding the justificatory language were examined, a pattern emerged: in each excerpt observed, a justification arose in response to a challenge. This pattern provided the basis for developing a model that helped to discern where, why and what type of justifications occurred in the interaction. To depict this interactional phenomenon, the model of ‘if x, then y’ was used, ‘x’ referring to the challenge or prompt, and ‘y’ referring to the justificatory response. Justifications related to the concepts of ownership and were used as devices by those engaged in disputes to support their positions and provide reasons for their actions. The children drew upon these child-constructed rules as resources to use in disputes with their peers, in order to construct and maintain the social order of the block area in the classroom.

Increased cardio-metabolic risk is associated with increased TV viewing time

Purpose: Television viewing time, independent of leisure-time physical activity, has cross-sectional relationships with the metabolic syndrome and its individual components. We examined whether baseline and five-year changes in self-reported television viewing time are associated with changes in continuous biomarkers of cardio-metabolic risk (waist circumference, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose; and a clustered cardio-metabolic risk score) in Australian adults. Methods: AusDiab is a prospective, population-based cohort study with biological, behavioral, and demographic measures collected in 1999–2000 and 2004–2005. Non-institutionalized adults aged ≥ 25 years were measured at baseline (11,247; 55% of those completing an initial household interview); 6,400 took part in the five-year follow-up biomedical examination, and 3,846 met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used and unstandardized B coefficients (95% CI) are provided. Results: Baseline television viewing time (10 hours/week unit) was not significantly associated with change in any of the biomarkers of cardio-metabolic risk. Increases in television viewing time over five years (10 hours/week unit) were associated with increases in: waist circumference (cm) (men: 0.43 (0.08, 0.78), P = 0.02; women: 0.68 (0.30, 1.05), P <0.001), diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (women: 0.47 (0.02, 0.92), P = 0.04), and the clustered cardio-metabolic risk score (women: 0.03 (0.01, 0.05), P = 0.007). These associations were independent of baseline television viewing time and baseline and change in physical activity and other potential confounders. Conclusion: These findings indicate that an increase in television viewing time is associated with adverse cardio-metabolic biomarker changes. Further prospective studies using objective measures of several sedentary behaviors are required to confirm causality of the associations found.

Infrared and infrared emission spectroscopy of nesquehonite Mg(OH)(HCO3)•2H2O : implications for the formula of nesquehonite

The mineral nesquehonite Mg(OH)(HCO3)•2H2O has been analysed by a combination of infrared (IR) and infrared emission spectroscopy (IES). Both techniques show OH vibrations, both stretching and deformation modes. IES proves the OH units are stable up to 450°C. The strong IR band at 934 cm-1 is evidence for MgOH deformation modes supporting the concept of HCO3- units in the molecular structure. Infrared bands at 1027, 1052 and 1098 cm-1 are attributed to the symmetric stretching modes of HCO3- and CO32- units. Infrared bands at 1419, 1439, 1511, and 1528 cm-1 are assigned to the antisymmetric stretching modes of CO32- and HCO3- units. IES supported by thermoanalytical results defines the thermal stability of nesquehonite IES defines the changes in the molecular structure of nesquehonite with temperature. The results of IR and IES supports the concept that the formula of nesquehonite is better defined as Mg(OH)(HCO3)•2H2O.