"Les frères Limbourg : Le Mois de Mars des Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry" (n. 5) ; "Léonard de Vinci : Paysage, 5 août 1473" (n. 15) ; "El Greco : Vue et Plan de Tolède" (n. 47)

Commentaires sur une sélection d’œuvres illustrant l'histoire de la représentation du paysage dans la peinture occidentale.

Majmūʻah : manuscript, 1443-1473

1. Kitāb Luqṭat al-ʻajlān fī al-uṣūl / al-Zarkashī, 878 [1473] (ff. 1r-10v) -- 2. Sharḥ Qaṣīdat Gharāmī ṣaḥīḥ (ff. 11r-20v) -- 3. Manẓūmah fī al-kitābah wa-al-tajwīd ṭarīqahu / li-Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan al-Sinjārī (ff. 21r-25v) -- 4. Hādūr / Ibn Zuqqāʻah, 877 [1472-3] (ff. 26r-30v) -- 5. al-Waraqāt / Imām al-Ḥaramayn (ff. 31r-34r) -- 6. Sharḥ Yaqūlu al-ʻabd / lil-Shaykh Shihāb al-Dīn, 846 [1443] (ff. 37r-61r) -- 7. Kitāb Sharḥ al-Waraqāt / Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī (ff. 62r-75v) -- 8. An untitled incomplete work on logic (ff. 76r-127v).

La Pologne dans ses anciennes limites; le duché de Moscou en 1473, et l'empire des Russies actuel.

Mode of access: Internet.

Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum. Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland 1473-1574

Title Varies: Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland

The'cave' mineral oxammite: a high resolution thermogravimetry and Raman spectroscopic study

The thermal decomposition of natural ammonium oxalate known as oxammite has been studied using a combination of high resolution thermogravimetry coupled to an evolved gas mass spectrometer and Raman spectroscopy coupled to a thermal stage. Three mass loss steps were found at 57, 175 and 188°C attributed to dehydration, ammonia evolution and carbon dioxide evolution respectively. Raman spectroscopy shows two bands at 3235 and 3030 cm-1 attributed to the OH stretching vibrations and three bands at 2995, 2900 and 2879 cm-1, attributed to the NH vibrational modes. The thermal degradation of oxammite may be followed by the loss of intensity of these bands. No intensity remains in the OH stretching bands at 100°C and the NH stretching bands show no intensity at 200°C. Multiple CO symmetric stretching bands are observed at 1473, 1454, 1447 and 1431cm-1, suggesting that the mineral oxammite is composed of a mixture of chemicals including ammonium oxalate dihydrate, ammonium oxalate monohydrate and anhydrous ammonium oxalate.

Assessment of tear film surface quality using dynamic-area high-speed videokeratoscopy

A new method for noninvasive assessment of tear film surface quality (TFSQ) is proposed. The method is based on high-speed videokeratoscopy in which the corneal area for the analysis is dynamically estimated in a manner that removes videokeratoscopy interference from the shadows of eyelashes but not that related to the poor quality of the precorneal tear film that is of interest. The separation between the two types of seemingly similar videokeratoscopy interference is achieved by region-based classification in which the overall noise is first separated from the useful signal (unaltered videokeratoscopy pattern), followed by a dedicated interference classification algorithm that distinguishes between the two considered interferences. The proposed technique provides a much wider corneal area for the analysis of TFSQ than the previously reported techniques. A preliminary study with the proposed technique, carried out for a range of anterior eye conditions, showed an effective behavior in terms of noise to signal separation, interference classification, as well as consistent TFSQ results. Subsequently, the method proved to be able to not only discriminate between the bare eye and the lens on eye conditions but also to have the potential to discriminate between the two types of contact lenses.

Identification of early-stage colorectal cancer patients at risk of relapse post-resection by immunobead reverse transcription-PCR analysis of peritoneal lavage fluid for malignant cells

Purpose: Colorectal cancer patients diagnosed with stage I or II disease are not routinely offered adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of the primary tumor. However, up to 10% of stage I and 30% of stage II patients relapse within 5 years of surgery from recurrent or metastatic disease. The aim of this study was to determine if tumor-associated markers could detect disseminated malignant cells and so identify a subgroup of patients with early-stage colorectal cancer that were at risk of relapse. Experimental Design: We recruited consecutive patients undergoing curative resection for early-stage colorectal cancer. Immunobead reverse transcription-PCR of five tumor-associated markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, laminin γ2, ephrin B4, matrilysin, and cytokeratin 20) was used to detect the presence of colon tumor cells in peripheral blood and within the peritoneal cavity of colon cancer patients perioperatively. Clinicopathologic variables were tested for their effect on survival outcomes in univariate analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was done to determine whether detection of tumor cells was an independent prognostic marker for disease relapse. Results: Overall, 41 of 125 (32.8%) early-stage patients were positive for disseminated tumor cells. Patients who were marker positive for disseminated cells in post-resection lavage samples showed a significantly poorer prognosis (hazard ratio, 6.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-19.6; P = 0.002), and this was independent of other risk factors. Conclusion: The markers used in this study identified a subgroup of early-stage patients at increased risk of relapse post-resection for primary colorectal cancer. This method may be considered as a new diagnostic tool to improve the staging and management of colorectal cancer. © 2006 American Association for Cancer Research.