999 resultados para 1462
Resumo:
Purpose: To investigate the interocular symmetry of optical, biometric and biomechanical characteristics between the fellow eyes of myopic anisometropes. Methods: Thirty-four young, healthy myopic anisometropic adults (≥ 1 D spherical equivalent difference between eyes) without amblyopia or strabismus were recruited. A range of biometric and optical parameters were measured in both eyes of each subject including; axial length, ocular aberrations, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal topography and biomechanics. Ocular sighting dominance was also measured. Results: Mean absolute spherical equivalent anisometropia was 1.70 ± 0.74 D and there was a strong correlation between the degree of anisometropia and the interocular difference in axial length (r = 0.81, p < 0.001). The more and less myopic eyes displayed a high degree of interocular symmetry for the majority of biometric, biomechanical and optical parameters measured. When the level of anisometropia exceeded 1.75 D, the more myopic eye was more likely to be the dominant sighting eye than for lower levels of anisometropia (p=0.002). Subjects with greater levels of anisometropia (> 1.75 D) also showed high levels of correlation between the dominant and non-dominant eyes in their biometric, biomechanical and optical characteristics. Conclusions: Although significantly different in axial length, anisometropic eyes display a high degree of interocular symmetry for a range of anterior eye biometrics and optical parameters. For higher levels of anisometropia, the more myopic eye tends to be the dominant sighting eye.
Resumo:
In 2008 a move away from medical staff providing nursing education in Vietnam saw the employment of many new nurse academics. To assist in the instruction of these novice academics and provide them with sound teaching and learning practice as well as curriculum design and implementation skills, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) successfully tendered an international grant. One of QUT’s initiatives in educating the Vietnamese academics was a distance learning programme. Developed specifically for Vietnamese nurse academics, the programme was designed for Australian based delivery to academics in Vietnam. This paper will present an overview of why four separate modules were utilised for the delivery of content (modules were delivered at a rate of one per semester). It will address bilingual online discussion boards which were used in each of the modules and the process of moderating these given comments were posted in both Vietnamese and English. It will describe how content was scaffolded across four modules and how the modules themselves modelled new teaching delivery strategies. Lastly, it will discuss the considerations of programme delivery given the logistics of an Australian based delivery. Feedback from the Vietnamese nurse academics across their involvement in the programme (and at the conclusion of their fourth and final module) has been overwhelmingly positive. Feedback suggests the programme has altered teaching and assessment approaches used by some Vietnamese nurse academics. Additionally, Vietnamese nurse academics are reporting that they are engaging more with the application of their content indicating a cultural shift in the approach taken in Vietnamese nurse education.
Resumo:
Mortality and cost outcomes of elderly intensive care unit (ICU) trauma patients were characterised in a retrospective cohort study from an Australian tertiary ICU. Trauma patients admitted between January 2000 and December 2005 were grouped into three major age categories: aged ≥65 years admitted into ICU (n=272); aged ≥65 years admitted into general ward (n=610) and aged <65 years admitted into ICU (n=1617). Hospital mortality predictors were characterised as odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression. The impact of predictor variables on (log) total hospital-stay costs was determined using least squares regression. An alternate treatment-effects regression model estimated the mortality cost-effect as an endogenous variable. Mortality predictors (P ≤0.0001, comparator: ICU ≥65 years, ventilated) were: ICU <65 not-ventilated (OR 0.014); ICU <65 ventilated (OR 0.090); ICU age ≥65 not-ventilated (OR 0.061) and ward ≥65 (OR 0.086); increasing injury severity score and increased Charlson comorbidity index of 1 and 2, compared with zero (OR 2.21 [1.40 to 3.48] and OR 2.57 [1.45 to 4.55]). The raw mean daily ICU and hospital costs in A$ 2005 (US$) for age <65 and ≥65 to ICU, and ≥65 to the ward were; for year 2000: ICU, $2717 (1462) and $2777 (1494); hospital, $1837 (988) and $1590 (855); ward $933 (502); for year 2005: ICU, $3202 (2393) and $3086 (2307); hospital, $1938 (1449) and $1914 (1431); ward $1180 (882). Cost increments were predicted by age ≥65 and ICU admission, increasing injury severity score, mechanical ventilation, Charlson comorbidity index increments and hospital survival. Mortalitycost-effect was estimated at -63% by least squares regression and -82% by treatment-effects regression model. Patient demographic factors, injury severity and its consequences predict both cost and survival in trauma. The cost mortality effect was biased upwards by conventional least squares regression estimation.
