非茂过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂的研究

本论文合成、表征了一系列以镍、钦为中心离子的非茂过渡金属配合物，研究了这些配合物催化烯烃聚合的反应行为。主要工作和结论如下：1．合成、表征了一系列水杨醛亚胺中性镍配合物。在改性甲基铝氧烷（MMAO）的活化下，这些中性镍配合物可高效催化降冰片烯伽BE）的加成聚合，在优化条件下，催化活性高达7.1×107 gPNBE／molNi.h，聚降冰片烯的分子量高达1.5×106g／mol。2．合成、表征了三种新型p一二酮单亚胺中性镍配合物。X-射线分析表明，这些中性镍配合物的空间构型为扭曲的平面四边形。在Ni（CO）2的活化下，这些中性镍配合物可催化乙烯聚合生成以甲基支化为主的支化聚乙烯。在MMAO的活化下，这些中性镍配合物是降冰片烯加成聚合的高效催化剂，在优化条件下，催化活性高达4.5×107gPNBE／molNi.h，聚降冰片烯的分子量高达1.1×106g／mol。另外，这些中性镍配合物在MMAO的活化下，可催化甲基丙烯酸甲酷（MMA）聚合，生成富间规的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酷（rr一70％）。令人惊讶的是，这些中性镍配合物／MMAO体系还能催化乙烯和MMA的共聚合反应，生成乙烯与MMA的无规共聚物，极性单体的插入率可达16.7 mol％。3．合成、表征了一系列新型β-二酮单亚胺钦配合物。X-射线分析表明，这些钦配合物的立体构型为含有一个CZ轴的变形八面体。常温下，这些钦配合物在MMAO的活化下，可以高效催化乙烯活性聚合，催化活性可达1.3×l06g PE/molTi-h，生成无支链的线性聚乙烯。常温下，这些钦配合物瓜IMAO体系还能高效催化乙烯和降冰片烯的活性共聚合反应，催化活性高达3.2×106gpolymer／molTi'h，所得聚合物为乙烯与降冰片烯的交替共聚物（COC）。利用该催化体系的活性聚合性质，制备了包含半晶和无定形两种结构片段的新型A-B二嵌段共聚物（PE-b1ock-COC）。4．合成、表征了一系列新型β-二亚胺钦配合物。在MMAO的活化下，这些钦配合物可以常温催化乙烯聚合，在优化条件下，催化活性可达4.6×105 gPe／molTi-h，生成双峰分布的聚乙烯，重均分子量高达6.6×105g／mol。

Identification and in silico analyses of novel TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 mutations in Marfan syndrome-related disorders

Very recently, heterozygous mutations in the genes encoding transforming growth factor beta receptors I (TGFBR1) and II (TGFBR2) have been reported in Loeys-Dietz aortic aneurysm syndrome (LDS). In addition, dominant TGFBR2 mutations have been identified in Marfan syndrome type 2 (MFS2) and familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD). In the past, mutations of these genes were associated with atherosclerosis and several human cancers. Here, we report a total of nine novel and one known heterozygous sequence variants in the TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 genes in nine of 70 unrelated individuals with MFS-like phenotypes who previously tested negative for mutations in the gene encoding the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1 (FBN1). To assess the pathogenic impact of these sequence variants, in silico analyses were performed by the PolyPhen, SIFT, and Fold-X algorithms and by means of a 3D homology model of the TGFBR2 kinase domain. Our results showed that in all but one of the patients the pathogenic effect of at least one sequence variant is highly probable (c.722C > T, c.799A > C, and c.1460G > A in TGFBR1 and c.773T > G, c.1106G > T, c.1159G > A, c.1181G > A, and c.1561T > C in TGFBR2). These deleterious alleles occurred de novo or segregated with the disease in the families, indicating a causative association between the sequence variants and clinical phenotypes. Since TGFBR2 mutations found in patients with MFS-related disorders cannot be distinguished from heterozygous TGFBR2 mutations reported in tumor samples, we emphasize the importance of segregation analysis in affected families. In order to be able to find the mutation that is indeed responsible for a MFS-related phenotype, we also propose that genetic testing for sequence alterations in TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 should be complemented by mutation screening of the FBN1 gene.