Abrasion wear resistance of different artificial teeth opposed to metal and composite antagonists

One of the most important properties of artificial teeth is the abrasion wear resistance, which is determinant in the maintenance of the rehabilitation's occlusal pattern. OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study aims to evaluate the abrasion wear resistance of 7 brands of artificial teeth opposed to two types of antagonists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven groups were prepared with 12 specimens each (BIOLUX & BL, TRILUX & TR, BLUE DENT & BD, BIOCLER & BC, POSTARIS & PO, ORTHOSIT & OR, GNATHOSTAR & GN), opposed to metallic (M & nickel-chromium alloy), and to composite antagonists (C & Solidex indirect composite). A mechanical loading device was used (240 cycles/min, 4 Hz speed, 10 mm antagonist course). Initial and final contours of each specimen were registered with aid of a profile projector (20x magnification). The linear difference between the two profiles was measured and the registered values were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Regarding the antagonists, only OR (M = 10.45 ± 1.42 µm and C = 2.77 ± 0.69 µm) and BC (M = 6.70 ± 1.37 µm and C = 4.48 ± 0.80 µm) presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Best results were obtained with PO (C = 2.33 ± 0.91 µm and M = 1.78 ± 0.42 µm), followed by BL (C = 3.70 ± 1.32 µm and M = 3.70 ± 0.61 µm), statistically similar for both antagonists (p>0.05). Greater result variance was obtained with OR, which presented the worse results opposed to Ni-Cr (10.45 ± 1.42 µm), and results similar to the best ones against composite (2.77 ± 0.69 µm). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that the antagonist material is a factor of major importance to be considered in the choice of the artificial teeth to be used in the prosthesis.

Decreased recent thymus emigrant number in rheumatoid factor-negative polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Objectives To determine TCR excision circle (TREC) levels, a marker of recent thymic emigrants, in the peripheral lymphocyte pool of rheumatoid factor-negative (RF circle divide) polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) children. Materials and methods We studied TREC levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 30 RF circle divide polyarticular JIA children with active disease and in 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Signal-joint TREC concentration was determined by real-time quantitative-PCR as the number of TREC copies/mu g PBMC DNA gauged by a standard curve with known number of TREC-containing plasmids. Results TREC levels in PBMC were significantly lower in JIA (4.90 +/- 3.86 x 10(4) TRECs/mu g DNA) as compared to controls (10.45 +/- 8.45 x 10(4) TRECs/mu g DNA, p=0.001). There was an inverse correlation between age and TREC levels in healthy children (r=-0.438, p=0.016) but not in JIA. No clinical association was observed between TREC levels and disease activity and use of oral steroids and methotrexate. Conclusions The finding of decreased PBMC TREC levels in RF circle divide polyarticular JIA children is consistent with a low proportion of recent thymus emigrants. This may interfere with the equilibrium between populations of polyclonal and naive T cells versus oligoclonal memory auto-reactive T cells and, therefore, may hinder the maintenance of immune tolerance in this disease.

Interactions among endocrinology, seasonal reproductive cycles and the nesting biology of the female green sea turtle

We collected data on plasma levels of testosterone+5a-dihydrotestosterone (T+DHT) and corticosterone (CORT) from adult female green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from southern Queensland during distinct stages of their reproductive cycle. Those females capable of breeding in a given year had elevated plasma steroid levels (T+DHT 0.91 +/- 0.08; CORT 1.05 +/- 0.29 ng/ml), associated with follicular development, until courtship began in October. At the beginning of the nesting season in November plasma levels of 2 CORT were related to when the female first nested (r(2) = 0.06; F = 10.45; P = 0.01). However, they were not correlated with the number of clutches a female laid in that season (F = 3.65; P = 0.08). We repeatedly sampled 23 turtles over the nesting season and profiled changes in steroids immediately following oviposition of each clutch. Levels of T+DHT (range 0.41-0.58 ng/ml) and CORT (range 2.13-2.81 ng/ml) were similar through the early stages of the nesting season and inter-nesting period, and declined to near basal levels (T+DHT 0.37 +/- 0.03 and CORT 1.85 +/- ng/ml) following the last clutch for the season. Steroid hormone levels were also low (T+DHT 0.38 +/- 0.16; CORT 0.46 +/- 0.21 ng/ml) in four independent post-breeding (atretic) females; samples for these females were taken at a time when body condition was presumably at the lowest for the season. Subtle changes in the nesting environment, such as variation in nesting habitat or the time of night that nesting occurred, were associated with a small and slow CORT increase. We suggest CORT is increased in nesting females to assist in lipid transfer to prepare the ovarian follicles and/or the reproductive organs for ovulation.

Importância clínica dos custos diretos hospitalares em pacientes com hipertensão arterial em tratamento num hospital universitário, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

No ano de 1978 foram registrados no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (HU-UFRJ), 5.262 pacientes moradores da XX Região Administrativa do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Quinhentos e três destes prontuários (9,6%) com idade >20 anos foram separados aleatoriamente e 483 destes possuiam registro de pressão arterial (PA) com 138 casos (28,6%) apresentando hipertensão arterial (HA) (PA >140/90 mmHg). Nos 96 hipertensos inicialmente analisados procedeu-se estudos dos custos diretos hospitalares com a avaliação, acompanhamento e tratamento desta população. A PA diastólica inicial destes casos estava assim distribuída: entre 90 e 104 mmHg - 67 casos (69,8%); entre 105 e 114 mmHg - 17 casos (17,7%); maior ou igual a 115 mmHg - 12 casos (12,5%). O período médio de acompanhamento destes grupos foi de 653 dias e somente 1/3 estava com PA controlada ( < 140/90 mmHg) na última consulta. Em 1982, 68,7% já haviam abandonado tratamento no HU-UFRJ. O custo direto total anual por paciente hipertenso em dólares foi de $ 102.48 assim distribuídos: consultas ambulatoriais ligadas à HA - $ 33.44; atendimentos de emergência $ 2.33; internações $ 29.92; exames complementares $ 10.45; despesas com medicamentos anti-hipertensivos $ 26.34. As consultas e internações representam 64% dos custos e foram em grande parte determinadas pelas complicações da doença. Estas também ocasionam elevados índices de incapacidade temporária e permanente da população de hipertensos com graves repercussões e custos sociais. A análise dos fatores que contribuem para estes custos indicam a adoção das seguintes medidas para minimizá-los: a) Desenvolvimento de programas que visem melhor controle de HA e menor abandono de tratamento da população já detectada nas próprias unidades do Sistema de Saúde com conseqüente redução da morbidade da doença; b) Padronização da avaliação laboratorial e do tratamento com base em estudos de custo-eficácia; c) Hierarquização do sistema de saúde - o hipertenso deve ser tratado em unidades de saúde onde os custos indiretos hospitalares pouco influenciem os custos das consultas e das internações.

Suporte avançado à vida: atendimento a vítimas de acidentes de trânsito

OBJETIVO: Analisar a atuação de um modelo de Suporte Avançado à Vida (SAV), a acidentados de trânsito por meio de indicadores, considerando a pontuação do Revised Trauma Score (RTS) na fase pré-hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Análise de 643 registros de atendimento de SAV a acidentados de trânsito, ocorridos em vias expressas da cidade de São Paulo, SP, no período de abril/1999 a abril/2000. Os intervalos de tempo avaliados foram: tempo resposta, de cena, de transporte e total. A análise da decisão de triagem considerou os registros de RTS£11 como corretos para encaminhamento a hospitais terciários. As flutuações no RTS e parâmetros foram observadas através da equação: (RTSfinal ¾ RTSinicial). RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Das 643 vítimas, 90,8% alcançaram RTS=12 e 5,2% obtiveram RTS£10. O tempo resposta variou entre 8 e 9 min, sendo o tempo de cena e de transporte maior nos casos de RTS£10. Das vítimas com RTS£10, 45,5% foram corretamente encaminhadas para hospitais terciários. Identificaram-se incorreções na triagem de vítimas. A manutenção ou melhora nos valores de RTS ocorreu em 98,8% das vítimas. A freqüência respiratória foi o parâmetro que mais apresentou melhora, seguida da pressão arterial sistólica.

Tuberculosis en la Ciudad de la Habana, 1995-1999

OBJETIVO: La tuberculosis es un importante problema mundial de salud que recibe una atención priorizada del Sistema de Salud Cubano. Lo objetivo del trabajo es describir el comportamiento de los indicadores del Programa de Control de Tuberculosis cubano. MÉTODOS: A partir de una revisión de los documentos de la vigilancia de la tuberculosis en los registros del Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología se expone la infraestructura sanitaria, las estrategias del Programa de Control en la ciudad, se describen las tasas de incidencia, indicadores de localización, diagnóstico y manejo de casos. RESULTADOS: Se hallaron 8 sintomáticos respiratorios por cada mil consultantes de medicina general; la tasa de incidencia de tunerculosis en todas sus formas descendió de 16,4 (1995) a 12,0x105 habitantes (1999); la tuberculosis pulmonar descendió de 15,1 a 10,45 habitantes mientras la tuberculosis extrapulmonar ascendió de 1,3 a 1,6 x 105 habitantes, en igual período. Del total de los casos nuevos, el 40-50% fueron identificados en los policlínicos, el 67% fueron diagnosticados por baciloscopías, el 15,2% por cultivos, el 13.8% sólo por evidencias clínicas y radiológicas; el 0,9% y el 1,5%, respectivamente, fueron diagnosticados por biopsia o hallazgos de necropsia. Los grupos de 15-64 años incrementaron su incidencia en 1996-1997 y disminuyeron en 1998-1999; los casos >64 años de edad disminuyeron progresivamente de 1995 a 1999; en general, la tasa de incidencia de casos disminuyó. La demora promedio entre primeros síntomas y diagnóstico mejoró de 42 días en 1995 a 28,6 en 1999. CONCLUSIONES: La reversión de la tendencia de la notificación de casos nuevos parece haberse detenido en 1996. La situación de los indicadores de tuberculosis revelan cambios satisfactorios en el período analizado.

Difference in the in-hospital mortality of unstable angina pectoris between men and women

PURPOSE: To assess differences in the in-hospital mortality (HM) rate between men and women with unstable angina pectoris (UA) according to age, depression of the ST segment, history of previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and risk factors for coronary heart disease. METHODS: From October 96 to March 98, 261 patients with UA were selected. Logistic regression models were developed to adjust the association between sex and HM for possible influence of covariables, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and familial history of early coronary heart disease. RESULTS: HM due to UA was approximately three times higher in women (9.3%; 12/129) than in men (3.0%; 4/132) accounting for a relative risk of 3.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.02-9.27. In logistic regression models, the association between sex and death was not significantly altered when the following parameters were considered: age, depression of the ST segment, history of previous AMI and risk factors for coronary heart disease. The nonadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the distinct covariables were 3.28 (CI 95%=1.03-10.45) and 3.14 (CI = 95% = 0.88-11.20), respectively. CONCLUSION: Similarly to AMI, HM in UA is higher in women than in men. Age, risk factors for coronary heart disease, and depression of the ST segment in the electrocardiogram on patients' admission to the hospital did not significantly influence the association between sex and death.

Интегральные управнения с особым ядром типа Коши

Труды Тбил. матем. ин-та. 1941, Т. 10, С. 45-72.