Effect of Oral Hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate on the Incidence of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the effect of oral hygiene with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in children undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a tertiary care hospital. patients. One hundred sixty children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease, randomized into 2 groups: chlorhexidine (n = 87) and control (n = 73). INTERVENTIONS. Oral hygiene with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate or placebo preoperatively and twice a day postoperatively until PICU discharge or death. RESULTS. Patients in experimental and control groups had similar ages (median, 12.2 vs 10.8 months; P =. 72) and risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery 1 score distribution (66% in category 1 or 2 in both groups; P =. 17). The incidence of nosocomial pneumonia was 29.8% versus 24.6% (Pp. 46) and the incidence of VAP was 18.3% versus 15% (Pp. 57) in the chlorhexidine and the control group, respectively. There was no difference in intubation time (P =. 34), need for reintubation (P =. 37), time interval between hospitalization and nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis (P =. 63), time interval between surgery and nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis (P =. 10), and time on antibiotics (P =. 77) and vasoactive drugs (P =. 16) between groups. Median length of PICU stay (3 vs 4 days; P =. 53), median length of hospital stay (12 vs 11 days; P =. 67), and 28-day mortality (5.7% vs 6.8%; P =. 77) were also similar in the chlorhexidine and the control group. CONCLUSIONS. Oral hygiene with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate did not reduce the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and VAP in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Estado imunitário relativo à poliomielite das crianças de 0-12 anos, residentes no município de São Paulo, Brasil e assistidas pelo Hospital Menino Jesus

A prevalência dos anticorpos neutralizantes contra os três tipos de poliovírus e os níveis de imunidade para diferentes grupos etários foram determinados, através de um inquérito soro-epidemiológico, numa população de crianças de 0-12 anos de idade, residentes no município de São Paulo, Brasil e assistidas pelo Hospital Menino Jesus. Os resultados mostraram um número elevado de crianças suscetíveis à infecção por poliovírus no primeiro ano de vida, particularmente no grupo etário de 9-12 meses, em que a proporção de crianças completamente desprotegidas (triplo-suscetíveis) alcançou 42,5%. Neste grupo, a prevalência de anticorpos dos tipos 1, 2 e 3 foi apenas em torno de 40%. Dentre as crianças do grupo etário de 0-5 anos, que receberam três ou mais doses de vacina oral trivalente, verificou-se a baixa proporção de 60% de duplo mais triplo-imunes. Os resultados mostraram que o estado imunitário das crianças deste grupo foi o mesmo nas três zonas geográficas da Capital, sendo em torno de apenas 50% a proporção de crianças duplo mais triplo-imunes. Estes resultados indicam níveis precários de imunidade, particularmente nas crianças do primeiro ano de vida. Existe, pois, uma necessidade evidente de realizar novos inquéritos sorológicos, além de intensificar e melhorar a vacinação de manutenção contra a poliomielite em nosso meio.

Estudio de la temperatura de transformación Ms y microestructura en un acero inoxidable martensítico con 0.12%C mediante análisis térmico.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Materiales) UANL, 2010.

Efectividad antimicrobiana del gel antiséptico de superoxidación versus digluconato de clorhexidina al 0.12 % en la formación de biofilms en la superficie de mini implantes ortodóncicos : estudio in-vitro.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con Especialidad en Ortodoncia) UANL, 2011.

Contribuir a consolidar una bona trama educativa : VI Jornades 0-12. 'Contribuir a consolidar una buena trama educativa : VI Jornadas 0-12'.

Resumen basado en el del autor

VI Jornades d'Escoles 0-12 : documents de síntesi (1999-2005). 'VI Jornadas de Escuelas 0-12 : documentos de síntesis (1999-2005)'.

Resumen basado en el del autor

Una mirada educativa des de la infà ncia : VII Jornades d'Escoles 0-12.'Una mirada educativa desde la infancia : VII Jornadas de Escuelas 0-12'.

Se expone la incorporación del punto de vista de los niños en los trabajos anuales de la coordinación de Escuelas 0-12. Entre otras cuestiones, los niños explican qué entienden por escuela y cómo creen que debe ser. También exponen su visión de los profesores.

Educació 0-12 al món rural. 'Educación 0-12 en el mundo rural'.

Se explica la experiencia que se lleva a cabo en el pueblo de Ullastret, donde la guardería y la escuela mantienen una estrecha relación al fomentar la relación de los niños a la escuela y al compartir servicios comunitarios.

Avaliação clínica e microbiológica da mucosa oral de crianças com leucemia linfoblástica aguda, submetidas à ação profilática do gluconato de clorexidina A 0,12%

Regarding the morbidity potential of oral complications in patients with leukemia, it evaluated the clínical and microbiologic changes of oral mucosal in children with LLA, with age range of O to 15 years old, undergone the chemotherapy antineoplastic and for the use prophylactic of chlorhexidine gluconate 0,12% during ten days, that was utilized in each chemotherapy treatment stage. The collect for rnicrobiological study was obtained preferentiality in intensification stage at the end prophylatic treatment. The study grouup had 20 children, where it observed clinically decrease in frequency of mucositis, with 8 cases (40%) only. In microbiological examination observed one reduced incidence of pathogenic microorganisms with Staphylococcus coagulase- negative (40%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%), Escherichia coZi enteropathogenic (15%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5%) e Candida albicans (35%). The findings obtained in the present trial suggest that the use of chlorhexidine gluconate 0,12% can be responsible for incidence reduced of mucositis, but it wasn t possible to make correlation between isolated pathogenic microorganisms and mucositis development

Parasitoses em lactentes de 0-12 meses atendidos na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - São Paulo

Infestation by protozoa and/or helminths is considered to be extremely rare in infants. We therefore reviewed the records of all infants up to 12 mth of age attending the Paediatric Department from January 1973 to June 1977, in order to assess the frequency of stool examinations for parasites within this age group, the percentage of positive results in these examinations, and some personal characteristics which propitiated parasitic infestation. Some characteristics of the investigated infants were compared to those of a representative sample of the total number of infants attending during the same period. Stool examinations were realized in 11.8% of the 1,162 attending patients and of those, 15.3% were positive. The proportion of positive cases became 24.0% when the infants in whom there was a history of parasites being passed were included. Ascaris lumbricoides and Giardia lamblia were the parasites most frequently found, respectively in 42.8% and 37.1% of the positive cases. The only detected difference between the control group and the group of infants who had parasitologic examinations was the presence of diarrhea, significantly more frequent in the investigated group. The proportion of positive cases was significantly greater in girls, in infants older than 6 mth and when diarrhea was present for up to 15 days, than in boys, in infants up to 6 mth of age and in chronic diarrhea, respectively. Our results show that parasites were investigated in only a small percentage of infants under 1 yr of age, but that in this age group already, parasitic infestation does occur with a certain frequency. As investigated cases were selected, mainly due to the presence of diarrhea, the real prevalence of parasitism in infants under 1 yr of age was impossible to evaluate.