Plan De Cuidados Estandarizado. Atención individual a personas con úlcera venosa

Se presenta un Plan de Atención de Enfermería en Atención Primaria para personas que presenten úlceras venosas en las extremidades inferiores, y que frecuentemente, se oye como motivo de consulta: “Sensación de pesadez y calambres en las piernas que va en aumento al final del día”. Las úlceras venosas siendo con diferencia, el tipo de úlceras más frecuentes de la extremidad inferior, suponen un importante problema de salud, tanto para las personas que las padecen, consecuencia del largo tiempo que precisan hasta su curación, como para los sistemas sanitarios que requieren una gran inversión en recursos humanos y materiales. Para tratarlas, es necesaria la implicación y participación de la persona en el proceso de cuidados, como receptor y eje central del mismo, además de la puesta en marcha de estrategias dirigidas hacia la continuidad de cuidados. Se utiliza, el modelo conceptual de Virginia Henderson (la persona como un todo e independiente) y como metodología enfermera para la gestión y planificación de los cuidados, el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería mediante un lenguaje universal y estandarizado a través de la interrelación de las taxonomías NANDA I - NOC - NIC. La enfermera interviene supliendo o acompañando a la persona, cuando observe la insatisfacción de alguna de las 14 necesidades humanas básicas propuestas por V. Henderson en su modelo, proporcionando cuidados integrales y orientando la actuación hacia el logro de su independencia para llevar a cabo sus autocuidados.

Perfil socioeconômico de pessoas com úlcera venosa: aspectos relevantes para a enfermagem

Traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos pacientes com úlcera venosa. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, realizado com 50 pessoas no ambulatório de clínica cirúrgica do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes/HUOL, localizado no município de Natal/RN/Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando-se um roteiro de entrevista. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e armazenados numa planilha do software Excel e analisadas pela estatística descritiva. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 0038.0.294.000-11. Resultados: idade média de 59,72 anos, 66% pertenciam ao sexo feminino, 60% possuíam companheiro, a média de estudos foi de 4,98 (±3,36) anos e a renda familiar 2,3 salários mínimos. Encontrou-se, portanto, o perfil de pessoas com úlcera venosa semelhante ao evidenciado na literatura. Conclusão: é imprescindível conhecer as características dessa clientela para desenvolver estratégias visando à melhoria de suas condições de saúde

Influência dos aspectos clínicos e assistenciais na qualidade de vida das pessoas com doença venosa crônica com e sem úlcera venosa

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Qualidade de vida de pessoas com úlcera venosa: associação dos aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde, assistência e clínicos da lesão

Venous ulcer (VU) is a lower limbs injury resulting from inadequate return of venous blood in feet or legs. Although it is not a deadly disease, it causes chronic wounds, which seriously undermine patients´ quality of life (QOL) and sometimes leads to drastic family, social, economic and psychological changes. In this sense, there are several aspects that may influence the venous ulcers patients´ QOL. The study´s objective aimed on the association of socio-demographic and health, health care and clinical injury on UV patients‟ QOL. Analytical studies, which consider the complexity of factors involved in changes in UV patients‟ QOL has a cross-sectional and quantitative approach. The HUOL Ethics Committee approved this project (n.279/09). The collection of data lasted a period of 3 months in 2010 and it took place at the clinic of Angiology at Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL). The data sample consisted of 60 patients treated by UV angiologists in the HUOL Surgical Clinic. The results were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 by descriptive and inferential statistics. The study was based on UV patients that were predominantly female, average age of 61.4 years, that had low education level and low family income, with occupations requiring long periods of standing or sitting, but mostly retired, unemployed or laid off due to the disease and/or due to chronic diseases associated with the UV. The study took also into consideration patients that used inappropriate products, that were improperly treated by a professional caregiver, that lacked of adequate guidance and compression therapy, that performed no lifting of the lower limbs and regular exercise, that the time of injury were greater than or equal to six months, that were missing specific laboratory tests. The study‟s reference were on recurrent lesions, medium to large lesions area, bed of the lesion (injuries) with fibrin and/or necrosis, with amount of exudate with medium to large, odorless and no signs of infection, with tissue loss between 1st and 2nd degree, without collecting swab or biopsy and with pain. In general, QOL of researched individuals were considered low, the maximum score was 69 points, which the areas that were mostly influenced were the total scores of QOL functional capacity (0.021), emotional (0.000) and social functioning (0.080). Of the 60 individuals, 53.3% had scores between 40 and 69 points in SF-36, and they had the best scores in sociodemographic and health variables (ρ = 0.049). In respect to the assistance and injury characteristics, patients who scored between 40 and 69 points in SF-36 had better scores on these characteristics. By combining the socio-demographic variables, health, and handling characteristics of the injury, we observed a significant difference (ρ = 0.032) when linking them with the QOL total scores. When analyzing separately the domains of the SF-36 scores on the quality of life, we find that the areas that showed statistical significance were functional ability (ρ = 0.035), appearance (ρ = 0.019), emotional (ρ = 0.000), and mental health (ρ = 0.050). Among the socio-demographic characteristics studied, gender and marital status contributed more to the reduction of QOL and among the variables of assistance and the injury, orientation, reference and area of UV contributed the most. By analyzing these five variables all together in accordance with the overall score obtained in the quality of life, we found a significant correlation (ρ = 0.002); with 6.23 times more chances of patients have better QOL in the presence of these five positive factors. By conducting the Mann Whitney U test between all the five demographic variables, health, and clinical care, we found that this combination also proved to be significant (ρ = 0.006). Therefore, patients with these five variables positive tend to have a better QOL. Based on these results, we reject the null hypothesis (H0) and accept the alternative hypothesis (H1) proposed in this study because we noted that the QOL of patients with UV is associated with sociodemographic and health, health care and clinical aspects of the injury

Validação de protocolo de assistência para pessoas com úlcera venosa na atenção primária

People with venous ulcers constitute as an important public health problem, its treatment is onerous and require assistance provided by trained professionals, systematized through protocols, however what lies in the assistance is that the management of this group of people differs from that preconized in the scientific literature, interfering with wound healing and quality of life of affected. In this sense, the construction of a assistance protocol specific to people with venous ulcers (VU) can help professionals of the Family Health Strategy both in patient assessment as and in establishment of quality assistance. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the validity of a multiprofessional assistance protocol for people with venous ulcers in primary care by health professionals using Delphi technique. This is a quantitative study, the methodological type conducted in two steps: first step related to integrative literature review to subsidize the development of the protocol, then these aspects were organized and proposed to the judges of the study through the Delphi technique. The study was initiated after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. The first step was performed between August and September 2012, in the virtual library of health, in the page of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, of Municipal Health Secretariat and international guidelines of associations and in the subsequent step carried out between September 2012 to January 2013, was performed search by Lattes platform of the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development, in order to identify health professionals in Brazil who act as judges of the instrument and then, via online, the form was submitted to them.The sample for the second step was 51 judges in the first round and 35 for the second round Delphi. The analysis was done by adopting Kappa index ≥ 0.81 and Content Validity Index (CVI)> 0.80. In the first submission for the judges, items that did not reach Kappa and CVI established were: request / realization / test results, demographic data, medical history, risk factors, verification of pain / vital signs / pulse / infection signs / lesion location/ edema and pain treatment. After removal of items which have not obtained Kappa or CVI index established, it was found achieving optimal levels of these index for the categories. In the next step was the ressubmissão of protocol to judges through the Delphi technique in it was found that, of the 15 categories of the protocol, 12 presented higher scores in Delphi 2 phase and the other three categories remained the same Kappa and IVC of the previous phase. As for the average of evaluation requirements of the protocol was found that the scores assigned by the judges were higher in the second phase in nine of the 10 items, remaining the same in only one of the items indicating validity of the instrument before the consensus of the judges. Thus, we accepted the alternative hypothesis in this study, as they were obtained in the second Delphi phase the validity index greater than or equal to the Delphi 1 phase. The formulation of this assistance protocol valid and reproducible will enable a reorganization and redesign of assistance, with standardization of actions and continuity of care for persons with venous ulcers in primary health care

Qualidade da assistência e o conhecimento sobre o direito à saúde das pessoas com úlcera venosa crônica

The study aimed to identify the quality of care and knowledge of health rights of people with chronic venous ulcers (VU) in Brasilian National Health Care System (SUS). It is a cross-sectional study, with quantitative approach, performed at the University Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of HUOL (CAAE nº 0148.0.051.000-10). The sample by accessibility was composed for 30 people with VU treated at the outpatient surgical clinic of HUOL. For data collection we used a structured questionnaire composed of two parts: sociodemographic characteristics and of health, of care and the clinical course of VU; and knowledge of people with VU about the rights of health. The results were processed using SPSS 15.0 and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Given the characterizations sociodemographic and health presented, we identified a clientele of users with VU predominantly female (76,7%), aged from 60 years (66,7%), married/ stable union (60,0%), low education level (83,3%), family income lower than a minimum wage (73,3%), unemployeds and with chronic diseases (53,3%), sleep greater than or equal to 6 hours (76,7%) and were not alcoholics or smokers (93,3%). In relation to clinical conditions, were shown the presence of one or more relapses of VU (73,3%), predominance of granulation tissue/epithelialization in the bed of VU (60,0%), exudate serosanguineous (43,3%), in quantity medium/large (60,0%), with no predominance of presence or absence of odor (50,0%), all patients with tissue loss in grade III / IV, no signs of infection (73,3%) and presence of intense pain (50,0%). In the last 30 days the main venue of achievement of dressing was the HUOL (100,0%), the main compression therapy used was the Unna boot (60,0%) and on inability to perform the dressing on the unit were the own patients who made the exchange at home (40,0%). The majority of respondents listed out more positive factors associated with quality of care (56,7%) were satisfied with the care of SUS (76,7%), claimed to have knowledge about their rights (70,0%), but at the same time did not know the meaning of the acronym SUS (90,0%) and classified their level of information as inappropriate (70,0%). We realize that people with VU identified as good the quality of care and demonstrated inadequate knowledge about their rights to health in the SUS, but showed interest in acquiring more information. The basic rights to entry in the SUS are constitutionally guaranteed and need to be disseminated in order to make them known to the population, so it can be implemented and ensured a greater resolution assistance in treating this type of injury

Autoestima e qualidade de vida de pessoas com úlcera venosa atendidas na atenção primária

Venous ulcers (VU) is a chronic injury of the lower extremities and because of its high incidence and recurrence implies long and complex treatments, damaging the quality of life (QOL) and self-esteem (SE) of the people. This study aimed to analyze the association between self-esteem with the quality of life of people with venous ulcers treated in primary care. Cross sectional analytical study with a quantitative approach conducted with 44 people met with VU at 13 primary care units 2 and Mixed units in Natal/RN. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), CAAE: 07556312.0.0000.5537. Held data collection from February to April 2014 and used three instruments: a structured form covering sociodemographic, health care and clinical variables, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the SF-36. The collected data were entered into a database and processed on computerized software for descriptive and inferential analyzes. The results showed a predominance of people with UV females (65,9%), with more than 60 years (59,1%), married or in a stable relationship (52,3%), low education (86,4%) without occupation (68,2%) and less than one minimum wage income (81,8%). Regarding assistance characteristics was observed that most patients performed the dressing with appropriate material (72,7%), professional or trained caregiver (61,4%) did not use compression therapy (81,8%), treating the injury for more than 6 months (77,3%), lack of guidelines for the use of compression therapy, elevation of legs, and regular exercise (77,3%) and consulting the angiologist last year (52,3% ). Regarding clinical features of the lesion was found that most of the recurrent lesions are (77,3%), over one year of current lesion (52,3%) medium to large lesions (54,8%), without signs of infection (61,3%) and pain (79,5%). The mean SE of respondents was 9,3 (± 5,1). The relations between the SE and the sociodemographic variables, health care and clinics showed that individuals without a partner (a) (p = 0,01), who did not wear compression therapy (p = 0,04), with more 6 months of treatment (p = 0,01) and larger lesions (p = 0,01) had a lower SE. The mean domain and the dimensions of the SF-36 were lower emphasizing the functional capacity 36.5 (± 27,6) and the physical aspects of 15.3 (± 30,6). There were significant correlations between AE people with VU and the domains and dimensions of the SF-36: physical functioning (r = -0,432), general health (r = -0,415), vitality (r = -0,573), aspects social (r = -0,517), mental health (r = -0,612) and mental health dimensions (r = -0,612) and physical health (r = -0,473). Based on these results it is concluded by rejecting the null hypothesis and accept the alternative proposed in the study in which it was found that there is a negative correlation between the SE and the QOL of people with venous ulcers

Análise da adesão ao tratamento e da qualidade de vida de pessoas com úlcera venosa

The therapeutic adherence is still a big problem among people with venous ulcers (VU) because the treatment is long, expensive and demand changes in lifestyle. In this context, this study aims to examine treatment adherence and quality of life (QOL) of people with VU assisted at primary health care. This is an analytical, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach to treatment and data analysis. The study had the scenario 13 Family Health Units and 02 Units Mixed of Natal. The target population consisted of 44 persons with UV indicated by the teams of the Family Health Strategy between February and April 2014. Three instruments were used: an instrument to characterize the sociodemographic, health and care aspects, the Multidimensional Scale of Adherence Therapy composed of the dimensions: healthy lifestyle, compressive therapy and neurovascular monitoring and the Charing Cross Venous Ulcer Questionnaire (CCVUQ) that evaluates QOL in persons with VU composed by the domains: Total Score, Social Interaction, Domestic Activities, Aesthetics and Emotional State. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, CAAE: 07556312.0.0000.5537. The data concerning the sociodemographic characteristics showed that there was a predominance of females (65.9%), age range as of 60 years (59.1%) and income of up to 1 minimum wage (81.8%). With the characterization of health, it was evident that most people reported chronic diseases (63.6%), sleep more than 6 hours (81.8%), present pain (81.8%), denying alcoholism (86 4%) and smoking (77.3%) and showed a number greater than or equal to 1 (77.3%) recurrences. Concerning the therapeutic adherence was found that in the dimension compressive therapy there poor adherence. No associations between the domains of adherence and sociodemographic and health variables were found. Was observed, however, better adherence among individuals without pain and with higher schooling. When analyzed the averages of the dimensions of therapeutic adherence with the care characteristics there was statistical significance between: adherence to compression therapy and guidance for use of compressive therapy (p = 0.002) and guidance for regular exercise (p = 0.026). Considering the mean of total score of CCVUQ (mean 51.47, SD 18.33) it is observed that the overall QOL of respondents has approximate value of the median of the scale (50). The mean of the domain Social Interaction (mean 44.23, SD 21.38) and Domestic Activities (mean 45.70, SD 23.21) were those who reported better QOL. There were weak correlations but significant between adherence to healthy lifestyle and Domains Total Score (p = 0.012), social interaction (p-value = 0.048), Aesthetics (p-value = 0.025) and Emotional State (0.017) of CCVUQ. From the data analysis it is concluded that among people with UV, there poor adherence to compressive therapy. Furthermore, we found no statistically significant association between treatment adherence and sociodemographic and health characteristics. It is added that there was a correlation between the healthy lifestyle dimension and domains CCVUQ

Avaliação das limitações de úlcera venosa em membros inferiores

CONTEXTO: A insuficiência venosa crônica tem um impacto socioeconômico considerável nos países ocidentais devido à alta prevalência, custo das investigações e tratamento e à perda de dias trabalhados. O questionário de qualidade de vida Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), bem como a análise da ativação muscular e mobilidade da articulação tibiotársica, é um instrumento utilizado para a sua mensuração. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as limitações osteomusculares e as alterações na qualidade de vida em portadores de úlcera venosa em membros inferiores. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados dez pacientes com úlceras classificadas com Classificação de Doença Venosa Crônica (CEAP: Clinica, Eliologia, Anatomia e Fisiopatologia) 6, que responderam ao questionário SF36 e à escala analógica de dor e realizaram a goniometria, força muscular e eletromiografia. RESULTADOS: A idade média do grupo estudado foi 67,4 (±11,7), sendo 70% dos casos do sexo feminino. Não houve correlação significativa entre dor amplitude do movimento (ADM), força muscular, eletromiografia (EMG) e o tamanho da lesão. Entretanto, houve correlação entre o perfil psicológico do SF-36 e o domínio de atividades motoras, bem como do perfil psicológico com as atividades sociais e percepção de si mesmo. Também houve diferença significativa na avaliação eletromiográfica dos músculos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de úlcera venosa em membros inferiores pode gerar limitações e alterações na qualidade de vida destes indivíduos. O aspecto psicossocial demonstrou-se preponderante sobre o aspecto motor, aumentando as restrições nas atividades de vida diária.

Úlcera venosa e terapia compressiva para enfermeiros: desenvolvimento de curso online

OBJETIVO: Descrever a elaboração de um curso on-line sobre úlcera venosa, com enfoque em terapia compressiva, para capacitação de enfermeiros. MÉTODOS: O desenvolvimento do curso on-line seguiu as fases de análise, design, desenvolvimento, implementação e avaliação, baseadas no design instrucional contextualizado. RESULTADOS: O curso dividiu-se em dez módulos estruturados no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle. Caracterizou-se por uma proposta construtivista, visando ampliar a participação do aluno, disponibilizar as principais referências, revisões e consensos, bem como utilizar objetos multimídia e recursos didáticos interativos. CONCLUSÃO: O curso possibilita a capacitação profissional do enfermeiro em terapia compressiva de maneira inovadora, flexível, interativa em diversos ambientes de cuidado.

Autoeficácia e qualidade de vida de pessoas com úlcera venosa

Venous ulcers (UV) are the result of deep venous insufficiency or obstruction leading to venous hypertension in the lower limbs and lesions. Self-efficacy is the belief in the ability to successfully perform a given task or exhibit behavior that leads to a desirable outcome. Nursing needs to know and explore the influence of self-efficacy on quality of life (QOL) of people with UV, seeking to exercise holistic care. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the correlation of self-efficacy for pain control and functionality with the QOL of people with UV in primary health care. It is a cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative study with people with UV in family health strategy and mixed units in Natal / RN. We used the instruments: sociodemographic and health questionnaire, domains self-efficacy for pain control and self-efficacy for functionality of Scale of Self-Efficacy for Chronic Pain (SFCD) and the Charing Cross Venous Ulcer Questionnaire (CCVUQ). The sample included 101 people in the self-efficacy scale for functionality and 89 in self-efficacy for pain, for twelve patients reported no pain at the time of collection, and therefore were excluded from the application of the scale of selfefficacy for pain. The project was approved by the ethics committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (CAAE No. 07556312.0.0000.5537), serving Resolution 466/12. Women predominated (66.3%), elderly (61.4%), married or in a stable relationship (63.4%), low income (90.1%) and education (85.1%), inactive (75.2%), associated chronic diseases (60.4%), more than six hours of sleep / day (82.2%), non-drinkers / smokers (80.2%), chronic injury (73.3%) and moderate to severe pain (76.2%). Self-efficacy for pain (mean 67.3, SD 26.6) was less committed to the self-efficacy for functionality (mean 59.4 SD 25.9), with statistical difference (pvalue = 0.011). No significant associations were found between self-efficacy for pain control and functionality with the sociodemographic and health characteristics. When considering the total mean CCVUQ (mean 52.1, SD 16.6), QOL of respondents tended to worsen, with the aesthetic domain the most committed (mean 57.6, SD 24.0), followed by emotional state (mean 57.0, SD 25.7), social interaction (mean 48.4, SD 21.4) and household activities (mean 43.6, SD 23.3) . We found negative and significant correlations between self-efficacy for pain and CCVUQ total score (r = -0,324; p = 0,001), the social interaction domain (r = -0,278; p = 0,008), household activities (r = - 0,285; p = 0,007) and state emotional (r = -0,247; p = 0,019). Likewise, between selfefficacy for functionality and the CCVUQ total score (r = -0,553; p < 0,001), the social interaction domain (r = -0,553; p < 0,001), household activities (r = -0,594; p < 0,001) and emotional status (r = -0,259; p = 0,009). The aesthetic domain showed negative correlation but weak and not significant with self-efficacy for pain (r = -0, 155; p = 0,147) and functionality (r = -0,189; p = 0,058). It became evident the correlation between self-efficacy for pain control and functionality and the domains social interaction, household activities and emotional state, the quality of life of people with UV

História oral de vida de pessoas com úlcera venosa nos serviços de atenção primária à saúde

The Chronic Venous insufficiency is characterized as a set of physical changes including how most serious complication of venous ulcers, characterized by irregular and progressive loss of continuity of the skin. The occurrence of venous ulcers in people with chronic venous insufficiency generates dependence on them with health services, with long-term treatments that cause limitations and high-impact changes, affecting their quality of life, affecting the physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual as an important public health problem. This study aimed to describe the experience of having a venous ulcer, in the scenario of primary health care services to Health, which includes Primary Care Units and Family Health Strategy in the city of Natal / RN, based on the life histories of users. This is a qualitative study, exploratory and descriptive, with the Oral History of Life as a methodological framework. From the ponto zero was the recruitment of participants who formed the network, totaling six employees, of both sexes and aged between 57 and 79 years. After approval by the Research Ethics Committee - UFRN under the Protocol 653 788/2014 and CAAE 30408014.0.0000.5537 was held data collection, between the months of July and August, through interviews, using identification and characterization of the instrument employees and open questions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, transcriadas and returned to employees for a conference. The narratives were subjected to Content thematic analysis technique, according to Bardin, allowing the construction of three themes that encompass categories, namely: Axis I - Perspectives on the changes: the impact wound in social relations (changes with ulcer venous, venous ulcer and social and family relationships); Axis II - Brands in body and soul: the story of being hurt (conceptions of the body injured; therapeutic itinerary in primary care services); and Axis III - Reconstruction of being hurt: coping mechanisms (redefinition of the wounded body, resilience to chronic wound). The impact of having a chronic venous ulcer generates impact of physical, psychological and social order. As aspects related to changes after the appearance of venous ulcers, survey participants reported the presence of pain, physical limitations, psychological distress, social and emotional isolation, incapacity, aesthetic discomfort and dependency on health services; the family was the aspect thatshowed no significant change after the occurrence of wound for most participants, an ally in the therapeutic process as a support network. The redefinition of the body and the wound are the main coping mechanism of chronic condition. The services in the Primary Care Network play a fundamental role in the rehabilitation of patients with venous ulcers, although there are difficulties in accessing appropriate treatment and need for expanded services, with permanent professional training of health teams and providing the resources managers to strengthen the comprehensive care of people with venous ulcers in Health Primary Care.

Perfil socioeconômico de pessoas com úlcera venosa: aspectos relevantes para a enfermagem

Traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos pacientes com úlcera venosa. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, realizado com 50 pessoas no ambulatório de clínica cirúrgica do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes/HUOL, localizado no município de Natal/RN/Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando-se um roteiro de entrevista. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e armazenados numa planilha do software Excel e analisadas pela estatística descritiva. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 0038.0.294.000-11. Resultados: idade média de 59,72 anos, 66% pertenciam ao sexo feminino, 60% possuíam companheiro, a média de estudos foi de 4,98 (±3,36) anos e a renda familiar 2,3 salários mínimos. Encontrou-se, portanto, o perfil de pessoas com úlcera venosa semelhante ao evidenciado na literatura. Conclusão: é imprescindível conhecer as características dessa clientela para desenvolver estratégias visando à melhoria de suas condições de saúde

Perfil socioeconômico de pessoas com úlcera venosa: aspectos relevantes para a enfermagem

Traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos pacientes com úlcera venosa. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, realizado com 50 pessoas no ambulatório de clínica cirúrgica do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes/HUOL, localizado no município de Natal/RN/Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando-se um roteiro de entrevista. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e armazenados numa planilha do software Excel e analisadas pela estatística descritiva. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 0038.0.294.000-11. Resultados: idade média de 59,72 anos, 66% pertenciam ao sexo feminino, 60% possuíam companheiro, a média de estudos foi de 4,98 (±3,36) anos e a renda familiar 2,3 salários mínimos. Encontrou-se, portanto, o perfil de pessoas com úlcera venosa semelhante ao evidenciado na literatura. Conclusão: é imprescindível conhecer as características dessa clientela para desenvolver estratégias visando à melhoria de suas condições de saúde

Abordagem de pacientes com úlcera da perna de etiologia venosa

Úlceras venosas são comuns na população adulta, causando significante impacto social e econômico devido a sua natureza recorrente e ao longo tempo decorrido entre sua abertura e cicatrização. Quando não manejadas adequadamente, as úlceras venosas têm altas taxas de falha de cicatrização e recorrência. Apesar da elevada prevalência e da importância da úlcera venosa, ela é freqüentemente negligenciada e abordada de maneira inadequada. Esta revisão discute abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica das úlceras venosas. O diagnóstico clínico baseia-se em história e exame físico, com ênfase nos sinais e sintomas associados e palpação dos pulsos dos membros inferiores. A ultra-sonografia Doppler deve ser utilizada para determinar o índice pressórico entre o tornozelo e o braço, e exames não invasivos, como o duplex scan, devem ser realizados para avaliar o sistema venoso superficial, profundo e perfurante. Para abordagem terapêutica são fundamentais os diagnósticos clínico e laboratorial corretos, além do diagnóstico e tratamento adequados das complicações das úlceras crônicas. Os esforços devem ser direcionados para a cicatrização da úlcera e, posteriormente, para evitar as recidivas. O grande avanço no conhecimento da fisiopatogenia das úlceras venosas tem permitido o desenvolvimento de novas modalidades de tratamento clínico e cirúrgico.